Vashanyi vekuruboshwe uye vacherechedzi vepasirese vanowanzobvunza nezve maitiro eBolivarian, "Chii 21st zana remakore socialism zvinoreva? Chii ichochi?" Vaya vakasara vakasara vanofanira kungwarira kupindura mubvunzo iwoyo. Kududzira zviitiko kutora chikamu mazviri, kutsanangura zviitiko kuzvitonga. Yave nguva yekuti vacherechedzi vaone kunaka kwesangano risingatsananguriki, risina chokwadi, rekugadzira uye rekupandukira; apo magumo anoramba ari mhepo inotenderera yetsika uye zvishuvo uye zvatinogona kuti zvipiwe nyore nyore kwazviri. Isu vakasara usakanganwa zvidzidzo zvakabhadharwa muropa uye ziya mu "misasa yevaranda pasi pemureza werusununguko,"[I] muRussian Gulags uye mumisasa yevasungwa yeKhmer Rouge.
Hapana kwakambonzwika kutonga nekuisa chikamu kwakasimba kupfuura kuMiddle East. Edward Said akadzikama Orientalism inoongorora maitiro enhoroondo ayo vanhu vekuEurope vakakodha "Middle East" kuita isinganzwisisike, yenyama, ine mhirizhonga, uye unzenza Zvimwe. Iyo yakavakwa Zvimwe, yakanyorwa nenyanzvi dzeEurope, yakasanganiswa ichipokana neOccidental European chikonzero, kurongeka, uye chiKristu, zvichisimbisa kuzivikanwa kweEurope kuchiri kwakanyanya. mupenyu nhasi. Kuita uku mumashoko aSaid kwakabira vanhu venzvimbo iyi mukana wekuve "vanhu vakasununguka vekufunga kana kuita."
Zvakangodarowo nhoroondo yemarudzi akadai seEgypt yaive ichangocherwa, kuiswa mumapoka, kuratidzwa, uye kuisirwa muhupfumi hwenyika sechinhu chinotengeswa kunze kwenyika nevachena. Orientalism yakashandiswa mukuwirirana neizvo munyori wenhau E.H. Carr anodudza ngano ye "kuzivikanwa kwezvido," apo muenzaniso wehupfumi wakasununguka unofungidzirwa kuti uri mukuda kwevaviri vari kusimukira koloni uye simba rekoloni, kuchengetedza hwaro hwehunhu hwemapurojekiti emaimperiya uye kuvhurwa kwemisika, kuwana Strategic resources, uye kudzoserwa kwemari inogadzirwa mukuita, inowanzobatanidzwa navo.
Post-colonial elites mudunhu, kazhinji zvishoma kudarika hurumende dzeEurope, uye, se20th zana remakore rakafora richideura ropa richienda kuUnited States, rakafarira nomufaro uyu mufananidzo wakasikwa weMabvazuva, richishuva nzira yekuchinja inoenda ku“mazuva ano.” Sezvo dambudziko reSuez rakaratidza kutanga kwekupera kwekutonga kweEurope, uye kusimuka kweAmerican hegemony, moyo weOccidental culture image wakatamira kumadokero. Mifananidzo ye "muArab akatsamwa" uye kutaura nezve "nzira yechiArab" inozadza vezvenhau vekuAmerica, vachishanda zvakare semubatsiri wengano "kuzivikanwa kwezvido," panguva ino yakatsanangurwa neo-liberals.
Kutambura kwavo kusati kwaitika, kukodha uye kugoverwa kwemanzwi echikadzi echiAfghani kwaita basa rakakosha kupembedza hondo iripo, iyo yakashanda kuita kuti hupenyu hwavo husanyanya kuchengeteka. Ngatisakanganwe Lt. General James Mattis, avo vakashinga kutaura, “Ndichange ndiri pamberi penyu chaipo, ndinoda kupopota. Iwe unopinda muAfghanistan, une vakomana vanorova vakadzi nembama kwemakore mashanu nekuti havana kupfeka jira. Iwe unoziva, vakomana vakadaro havana kana hurume hwakasara zvakadaro. Saka zvinonakidza chaizvo kuvapfura. " Tsanangudzo yekunze uye kusarongeka kwaive, uye kuchiri munzvimbo zhinji, chikamu chehutongi chaihwo hunonzwikwa nevanhu vakasarudzika.
Tinogona kufara nzira yeVenezuela uye kufadza kuona yehunhu hwakawanda hwatinobata seveWestern leftists; tinogona, kunetseka na kushungurudzwa nehurumende, kombamira kubetsera kupfurikidza nokugamuchira basa romutsoropodzi wokunze, anovaka; tingangove tichingoteerera tisingazivi zvinorayira zvemamiriro edu ezvinhu edzidzo, mafungire ayo ezivo, uye kombamiro inodokuva isingarambiki yokuisa mapoka; asi vacherechedzi vekune dzimwe nyika vanofanira kuramba muedzo wekuitawo codify iyi nzira, the Bolivia Process.
Kutsoropodza hukama hwesimba hwakaiswa muruzivo, uye nekudaro kugadzirwa kwayo maererano nezvematongerwo enyika eVenezuela, hazvifanire kutungamirira kune yakadzika-dzika yemazuva ano, kufa kwekubatana kwenyika uye kunzwisisa. Vacherechedzi vanofanira kungoedza kuzvimiririra mukati meVenezuela, kuramba vakasvinurira kuzvitsoropodza, kushandisa endogenous conceptual framework, uye kuisa pfungwa pakubatsira kutaura kwemazwi eVenezuela sekutaura kwavo ongororo. Kunyangwe vemazuva ano vanozosimbirira kuti kusarerekera hakusvikiki, matanho anogona kutorwa kudzivirira tsika yekumisikidza inobatwa nekuedza munhaurirano dzetsika nekunzwisisana. Zvikuru, sevanopokana nemaimperiya, isu tinofanirwa kugara tichirangarira maVenezuelans vadyidzani, kwete vadzidzi kana zvidzidzo zvekudzidza zvine chekuita nekururamisira. Maonero akadaro anonyatsoratidza kusajeka kweboka reBolivarian kuva simba rechokwadi.
Nekukunda kwakachengetedzwa pari zvino, huwandu hweveVenezuela kuruboshwe vakambomira kuita nharo pakati pezvakanzi nzira dzekuchinja uye nzira dzekuchinja. Radical zvinhu zveBolivarian process zvinoramba iyo zviri pachena zvematongerwo enyika vanodaidza kuti "reformism." Vanonyatso tarisa kuziviswa kwechinangwa cherunyararo uye democracy nekufungira kubva kune vakasaina Carmona decree, kuti kwemaawa makumi mana nemanomwe umo Chávez akabviswa pachigaro mukuedza kupidigura hurumende muna 47 akaparadza Dare Repamusorosoro uye National Assembly. Asi ivo vanorambawo shanduko yega yega, vachifarira shanduko, iyo dzimwe nhengo dzePSUV dzinokuudza neushingi kuti uchaona ropa mumigwagwa. Zvingave zvehupenzi kutaura kuti capitalism inotenderera ichifunga nezvekupondwa kwe mubatanidzwa uye varombo sezvavanotamburira kugovewazve ivhu uye mukutorwa kwemafekitari.
Kubvuma kuisa pangozi yekufa kwemunhu pachake mukuziva kururamisira kwevanhu ndiwo mwoyo wekupandukira kweBolivarian kune vateveri vayo vane utsinye, mugumisiro unotyisa we "kwete" nyore kushandisa uye kusabatanidzwa. Asi kubvuma mukana wekufa kwemunhu hakudi hupenyu hwemumwe, saka, "kwete" iyi pachayo haititungamirire kune nzira-yekupedzisira kufunga kwakakanganisa zvirongwa zveutopian zve20.th zana remakore. Hakutungamiriri ku“zuva apo utsotsi hunopfeka chipfeko chokusava nemhaka, (uye) kupfurikidza nokuchinja kunoshamisa kwakasiyana nezera redu, kusava nemhaka kumene kunodanwa kuzviruramisa kumene.”[Ii] Zvamazvirokwazvo kunotaurwa nehasha dzisina mhaka dzeavo vakatambura musi waFebruary 27th 1989, apo vagari varombo veCaracas vakapondwa nemapurisa panguva uye mukudzorera kuratidzira kwakakurumbira vachipokana neIMF inotungamirwa ne "kugadziriswa kwemaitiro."
Tsanangudzo yakaipa, yekuzvimiririra, kuvandudza, chinangwa chakanaka uye kusiyana-siyana kweBolivarianism mamwe emasimba ayo makuru, anobvumira nzira nemagumo zvinorehwa ne "kwete" kuti zvivepo pasina kupokana chaiko. Pasina iyo yeSoviet maitiro ekuumbwa kwenhoroondo, pasina dzidziso yakanyorwa yakazvarwa nekuchema kupokana nekudzvinyirirwa uye ndokurambana kubva kune imwecheteyo humanist yemukati, uye pasina kuzivikanwa kweane chiremera utopia ine musuwo weropa, bato reBolivarian haridi kuponda muzita rehupenyu. .
Iyo chete pfungwa inowanikwa mune zvese tsananguro dzesocialism ye21st zana rinopihwa neVeVenezuelan kutora chikamu, uye nekudaro democracy - inosvika kunharaunda yehupfumi. Codification yedzidziso yakaoma yehupfumi pachayo kutyora pfungwa iyi, kunenge kuri kuzvikunda. Sosaiti inodyidzana haigone kuiswa, kungovakwa nevanhu, munhu mumwe nemumwe aine chidhinha chimwe chete muruoko. Mukusimbisa kukosha kwekutora chikamu, kukodha nevatorwa vari voga kunoitwa kusava nemusoro - kunyoreswa kwesangano rinotora chikamu nenzira isingabatanidzi.
Mu "socialism inobatanidzwa" yakadai pfungwa imwe inofanira kutonga, humambo hwesocialist hwemagumo apo zvese zvinotenderwa netsika yekumhanyisa kana kugona, kana ichiri kupandukira, ichiri kutora chikamu democracy. Muutongi hwegutsaruzhinji hwakadaro huchiri kugona, uye hunofanira kutevedzerwa. Kusvika pamwero wainoteverwa kuburikidza nesocialism, yakadai sesocialism inofanirwa kuve inotenderwa nezwi revanhu, kwete kusadzivirika kwenhoroondo yekutema kana kuchema kunoshungurudza kweutopia. Chokwadi chete zvinhu zvisingaenderani zvepurojekiti yakadai ndizvo zvinodikanwa kuti utore chikamu pachako: kupera kwehurombo, dzidzo yemahara uye yepasirese, budiriro yekusingaperi, anti imperialism, uye rusununguko rwekutaura, kushamwaridzana uye kutaura. Kukanganisa mabhesi aya kungave kutengesa hupanduki hweBolivarian, kugadzira kudzokera kune kusabatanidzwa kwekare, kana kufora kuenda kune remangwana rine ropa reutopian.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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