Kupondwa kwemaJuda gumi nerimwe pasinagogi rePittsburgh, kusungwa kwebhomba riri kure-kurudyi muFlorida, uye pamwe kuurayiwa kwevaviri vemuAfrica muKentucky, kunofanira kunge kuri zviratidzo zvekuti fascism haichisiri tyisidziro, asi iri pachokwadi chedu. pamusuwo. Nenzira imwecheteyo, madutu akasimba achangobva kuitika muFlorida, Texas, uye Puerto Rico anofanira kusimbisa kuti dambudziko remamiriro ekunze harisisiri mukana wenguva yemberi, asi rakatosvika.
Asi nenzira imwechete iyo vanhu vekuAmerica vakawandisa vanopinda muKuramba Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze, maAmerican mazhinji ave kuita "Fascism Denial." Kutyisidzira kwakadai kuripo kuvanhu vedu kunoratidzika kunge kwakakura uye kutyisidzira zvekuti hakugone kuve kwechokwadi. Dai taiziva chokwadi chisingachinji pamusoro pezvose, tingangonzwa kuremerwa uye tisina simba, kana kuona kuti tinofanira kuita shanduko huru kuti tisangane navo zvakakwana.
Robert Bowers naCesar Sayoc vakawedzera mazita avo kune vaurayi ve2010s vari kure-kurudyi kusanganisira Jared Loughner (uyo akapfura congresswomen nevamwe muArizona), Wade Michael Page (uyo akauraya maSikh mutemberi yeWisconsin), Dylann Roof (uyo akauraya vanhu vemuAfrica muchechi yeCharleston), Jeremy Christian (uyo akacheka varume vaviri vachena vachidzivirira vakadzi veAfrica muAmerica muchitima chePortland), uye James Alex Fields (uyo akatyaira achipinda muratidziri anopesana nefascist muCharlottesville).
Kuri nyore kwazvo kudzinga aya โmapere ari ogaโ sevanhu vanorwara nepfungwa, panzvimbo pokunzwisisa midzi yezvamatongerwe enyika nezvikonzero zvezviito zvavo. Zvakare zvakareruka kunongedzera chete kune yaPresident Trump's ramped-up nationalist rhetoric, kana dambudziko repakati uye revapoteri, sechikonzero chenguva pfupi chekuwedzera kwemhirizhonga. Kure-kurudyi kwehudzvanyiriri inguva refu yepasirese, sezvatakaona munyika dzakaita seHungary, Austria, Poland, Italy, Turkey, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Philippines, uye zvino Brazil.
Ndave nenguva refu ndichinyatsoteerera kukura kweiyo fascist ideology, semwanakomana wemuHungary akapona muHolocaust. Mukupera kwema1980, ndakaona misangano yeKlan/Nazi muChicago, uye mhomho dzinopikisa chibvumirano dziri kushungurudza maNative America muWisconsin. Makore matatu apfuura, ndakaona Dambudziko revapoteri veSyria yakaitika muBudapest bhuroka umo baba vangu vechiJudha vamene vakanga vakapfigirwa somupoteri. Gore rakapera, koreji yangu yaiva yakanangwa nerally iri kure-kurudyi uye kutyisidzira kwemagandanga mushure mekutaura kwenhema kuti chirongwa chekusiyana kwekambasi uye kuratidzira kunopesana nerusarura kwakaisa mungozi "kusununguka kutaura" kwevachena. Kutyisidzirwa kwerufu rwerusaruraganda kwaiita sekunge kwakabuda, asi kwakagadzirwa zvine hungwaru nenetiweki yekurudyi yemawebhusaiti, troll, uye vlogger izvo zvakakura chinyararire mumakore achangopfuura.
Sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yakapinda zvishoma nezvishoma muhupenyu hwedu, uye tinozviona chete kana dutu guru, kusanaya kwemvura, kana mafashama zvinozivisa kwazvo kuvepo kwayo, fascism yakabuda zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pasi pematombo ayo erusarura anga agara akaiswa munharaunda yedu, uye tinozviona chete pazvinoputika mumhirizhonga. Tinoedza kuramba dambudziko, kana kuritsanangura sechikamu cheimwe nyaya, inobatika zviri nyore, pane kutarisana nezvinoitika.
Mhirizhonga ndicho chiratidzo, kwete chirwere
Imwe nzira yeFascism Denial ndeyekubatanidza mauto ekurudyi nemamwe marudzi emhirizhonga. Tapota tingamira here mukurwisa temberi, chechi yevatema, mosque, kana nzvimbo yevanobva kune dzimwe nyika nekumwe kupfura kwevanhu vakawanda kunotyisa kwakanangana chero vagari vemumall, chikoro, kana theatre? Kupfurwa kwakananga kure-kurudyi mabasa ezvematongerwo enyika, anoitirwa kutyisidzira rimwe boka revanhu. Ndosaka vachinzi โhugandangaโ uye โmhosva dzinovengaโ.
Ngozi yekupfurwa zvisina tsarukano yakapararira pakati pemazana emamiriyoni evaAmerica, vanobva kwakasiyana siyana, nepo kurwiswa kwakanyanya kwekurudyi (kunyanya kwakasiyana-siyana) kunoitirwa kutyisidzira mapoka anongosvika mamirioni kana mazana ezviuru. Chinangwa chekurwiswa ndechekuparadzanisa mapoka aya uye kuvaita kuti vatye kuoneka kwavo, pane kuita zvisingaite kugadzira kutya pakati penzanga yese. Kunyangwe kupfura kuzhinji kuchiitwawo nevarume vachena vane mauto nevanovenga vakadzi, kunangana kwe โvadikiโ vemarudzi, verudzi, uye vezvitendero idambudziko rayo chairo risingagone kugadziriswa nemutemo wakasimba wepfuti.
Havasi vanasekuru vako vaFascist
Chimiro chechipiri cheFascism Denial ndechekudzinga chero chiito chekurudyi chakaitwa nemunhu asingaenderane nemaitiro akareruka evasingazivi Klan hicks kana vafambi veNazi goose, kana kutsanangura mafascist semakonyeri. Bato re "alt-right" raifanira kunge rakatizivisa kuti mufascist anogona kunge akapfeka sutu uye tayi, kana kuita senge hipster libertarian kurwisa izvo zvinonzi "kuzivikanwa zvematongerwo enyika" uye kudzivirira "kusununguka kutaura" uye "kusiyana kwemafungiro" (kune avo vanopikisa kusiyana-siyana). Isu tinopokana nemafascist kwete nekuda kwekutaura kwavo, asi nekuda kwe zviito kuti kutaura kwavo kunounza, izvo zvatakaona pedyo svondo rino.
Kune avo vasina kudzidza maitiro avo, fascists dzimwe nguva inogona kunzwika kufambira mberi. Vatungamiri vekure-kurudyi kubva kuna David Duke kuenda kuLyndon LaRouche naPat Buchanan vagara vachizviratidza sevapikisi vezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana, Pentagon mauto, uye simba rekambani. Milo Yiannopoulos uye mutungamiri weDutch ari kure-kurudyi Geert Wilders vanozviratidza sevanodzivirira kodzero dzengochani kubva kune vaMuslim vanobva kune dzimwe nyika. Aya mazano ekuvharidzira anoitirwa kudyara nyonganiso, uye kuvanza hurongwa hwekure-kurudyi hwekubatanidza hudzvinyiriri hwehupfumi hwepamusoro kubva kumusoro kune vanonzi "kudzvinyirirwa" kwevachena nevanonyengedzwa "vasina vanhu" (vakadai sevatema nevatorwa) kubva pasi.
MaFascists akasiyana zvakanyanya kupfuura zvaungafunga
Chechitatu, uye chine hukama, chimiro cheFascism Denial ndechekuchienzanisa zviri nyore chete nehukuru hwevachena. VaFascist vanotsigira kutonga kwakakwana kunoitwa neboka redzinza, dzinza, kana kuti rechitendero, vangava vachena veEurope vanonyanya kusimba, vaFascist vechiJapan vari muAxis, mapoka erufu eLatin America, kana kuti maRwanda. genocidaires. Sezvinoratidzwa naCesar Sayoc, muFilipino-Italian-America vachinyepera Seminole nhaka anogona zvakare kuve anopokana neMuslim, anopokana-immigrant Christian Supremacist.
MuUS, hatingori nenhoroondo imwe chete yerusaruraganda, asi nhoroondo nhatu dzerusaruraganda dzakadzika midzi muuranda (yevashandi veAfrica America), kuuraya rudzi (kwenyika yeNative America), uye xenophobia (kupembedza kukunda kwekunze uye kuratidza vatorwa sevatorwa. kutyisidzira kwetsika). Vachena vepamusoro vave nemazana emakore vachinyora vanhu vane masimba (kubva kuNative slavecatchers kusvika kuBuffalo Soldiers) muhutongi hwerusaruraganda hwevamwe, munhevedzano yekuparadzanisa-uye-kukunda mazano. Kure-kurudyi mapoka akadai Munamato wePatriot rudo kunongedza kune avo nhengo dzechiratidzo cheruvara kuvhiringidza kutarisa kubva kune yavo chaiyo ajenda.
Kwete chete nzira yekutaura "meanie"
Nzira yechina yeFascism Denial ndeye kushandisa mazwi akasununguka kuitira kuti arasikirwe nechirevo chayo chaicho, kana kuzviisa mukati mechirongwa chenguva pfupi chesarudzo. Kushandisa izwi rekuti "fascist" haifanire kungova nzira yekutaura "meanie," kana kushoropodza chero mutemo wehurumende unochengetedza kana chiito. George W. Bush kana Koch Brothers vanogona kunge vari reactionary conservatives, asi vanosimudzira capitalist yepasi rose chinzvimbo kwakabva neUS panzvimbo yayo. MaFascist vanoda kupidigura gadziriro iripo, voitsiva nechimurenga chavo chekurudyi. Vanoumba fake-populist social movements kuti vawane zvinotevera, asi mushure mekutora simba rehurumende vanowanzo sanganisa nyika nezvido zvemakambani.
Imwe dambudziko rekushandisa izwi rekutaura kutora fungidziro dziri kure-kurudyi kunyangwe uchipokana nazvo. Muenzaniso wenguva pfupi yapfuura wave wekubvuma kuratidzwa kwekaravhani yeCentral America sedambudziko rekutama โkusiri pamutemoโ. Vapoteri ava vari kutevera mitemo yeAmerica nekutsvaga hupoteri kubva kumhirizhonga yakanyanyisa. Karavhani nevana vakavharirwa mubvunzo we zviri pamutemo Kubuda kwevanhu munyika kuri kuvharirwa nerusarura xenophobes, asi midhiya yakawanda iri kuendera kune veBannonist kure-kurudyi nekubvuma chirevo chekusarurama.
Mafungiro ekurangana ndiwo ari musimboti
Chimiro chechishanu cheFascism Denial ndechekusimbisa zvinotendwa zviri kure-kurudyi kune zvakajairwa "ruvengo" kana "kusagadzikana" kunogona kukundwa kana tikangokurukura mutsauko wedu, uye kuenzanisa kutsamwa kwefascist nehasha dzinopokana nefascist. Iyi tsika inotarisisa chishandiso chikuru chepfungwa dzefascist, dzisiri kutsamwa, asi kutonhora, kuverenga dzidziso dzekurangana dzinotsanangura zvachose nyika yakaoma kune vateveri vanonyengerwa. Nhepfenyuro dzeidzi dzidziso dzekurangana dzakasangana munguva pfupi yapfuura QAnon cult, kuzivisa George Soros nevechiJuda vezvemari sevakuru vezano revakuru vepasi rose kurangana. Hurumende yeHungary yakapura mapepa vachishora Soros semugonesi wevapoteri, uye muHungarian fascist anonzwira tsitsi Sebastian Gorka saizvozvo anomunyadzisa paFox. Haisi tsaona kuti Bowers vakaurayawo vaJudha zvakafanana yekubatsira vapoteri.
QAnon yakatanga pa4chan gore rapfuura, muna Gumiguru 28, 2017, zvichibva pane fungidziro yekuti mukuru wekutonga ("Q Anonymous") ari kubuda "zvimedu" zvinobatanidza nhau dzese dzechokwadi uye dzenhema (senge Pizzagate "mhete yebonde" ) mukurangana kukuru kunoderedza budiriro yokuMadokero. A 9-maminitsi QAnon vhidhiyo inoratidza zvakawanda zvezvinangwa zvemabhomba etsamba eSayoc, uye inoratidza maMuslim, Latino immigrants, feminists, vatsigiri vepfuti, uye vanorwira kodzero dzemamiriro ekunze sezvishandiso zvisina hunhu zveveglobalist elites (pamwe naTrump naPutin sezvipingamupinyi zvikuru zveglobalists). Vhidhiyo inopera nedehenya nekutyisidzira kwerufu: ""Mwari vachatonga vavengi vedu - ticharonga musangano." Bowers "akatevera kurangana kwakasviba QAnon, "asi vakazvifunga uye Trump ane mwero, sekunge ISIS yakabuda sevatsoropodzi veAl Qaeda yakapfava.
Tinogona kuita chimwe chinhu nezvazvo
Nzira yechitanhatu yeFascism Denial, sekuramba kweKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze, ndeyekutaura kuti kunyangwe iri kutyisidzira chaiko, yatove yakanyanyisa uye yepasirese kuti isu tiite chero chinhu nezvazvo. Iyi ivhezheni yakagadziridzwa yekare, yakaneta kudai "kana tikangovafuratira vanoenda." Ndakaona kuti vanhu vanorerutsa kana kurerutsa mhirizhonga iri kure-kurudyi vanowanzobva muvanhu vasingatyisidzirwe nayo. Dambudziko nderekuti maitiro e-anti-fascist anobva pane zvematongerwo enyika kusvika parizvino haana kushanda, uye anosimbisa mufananidzo wevapanduki wekurudyi. Iyo chete nzira inoshanda yekurwisa kurudyi-bapiro fake-populism ndeye inofambira mberi populism, kwete nekusimudzira iyo chinzvimbo kwakabva.
Semunhu anoongorora geographer, ndaona kuti kwakawanda kwekurwiswa kwazvino-kurudyi kwakabuda kubva โkunzvimbo dzekugezeraโ dziri kupinda nekuchinja kwemarudzi nezvematongerwo enyika, saka nzvimbo dzakadai โdzepepuruโ dzinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya mukurwisa. -fascist kuronga. Ndakaonawo kuti zvematongerwo enyika akawanda anofambira mberi anongogumira mumaguta makuru, zvichisiya nzvimbo yekumaruwa yekurudyi. Kwakavakirwa munharaunda mibatanidzwa isingafungidzirwe inogona kukwezva vachena vekumaruwa kubva kune fake-populism yeBundys uye ilk yavo, kuenda kukushandira pamwe nevavakidzani vavo veruvara. Zvimwe zvedzidzo zvinofambira mberi uye midhiya inogona kuiswawo mu "pakati-kati" madiki, deindustrialized maguta uko kurwa kwemoyo nepfungwa zveAmerica zviri kuitika. Pamwe iyo yakanyanya kuoma hondo imwe iri mukati mezvikoro zvepamusoro, uko mapoka ari kure-kurudyi ari kunyoresa, uye vechiduku vanoda kwazvo kuronga vachirwisana navo.
Ndokumbira upedze nguva uchinyengerera chero shamwari kana mhuri iri kudzokorora nekusaziva dzidziso dzekurangana dzinokanganisa demokrasi. Isu tinokwanisa kuwana ongororo yakasimba kubva kune venguva refu vaongorori vasina kungowana iko kure chaiko mumakore maviri apfuura, senge Institute for Research & Education on Human Rights (irehr.org), Zvematongerwo enyika Research Associates (politicalresearch.org), Southern Urombo Mutemo Center (splcenter.org), Tsvaga (searchlightmagazine.com), uye Kuratidzira Kururamisira Kwemarudzi (showingupforracialjustice.org).
Kufanana nekutarisana nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze, kutarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwefascism hakugone kufanomirira kumirira chiito chehurumende kubva kumusoro, kana mhedzisiro yesarudzo yenyika inotevera. Kutarisana nefascism kunoreva kugadzira patchwork yemhinduro kubva pazasi, kugadzira mamodheru panzvimbo yepasi. Kudzidza chokwadi chisingafadzi nezve fascism, sekudzidza nezve dambudziko remamiriro ekunze, zvinogona kutitungamira kuti tishandure zvatinotenda nehupenyu hwedu, kuitira kuti nharaunda yedu irarame nekupora.
Zoltรกn Grossman ndiPurofesa weGeography uye Native Studies kuThe Evergreen State College muOlympia, Washington. Ndiye munyori we Mibvunzo Isingaite: MaNative Nations uye Vachena Nharaunda Joinha Kudzivirira Rural Lands (Yunivhesiti yeWashington Press, 2017), uye mupepeti we Kusimbisa Native Resilience: Pacific Rim Indigenous Nations Vanotarisana Nenjodzi Yemamiriro ekunze (Oregon State University Press, 2012). Webhusaiti yake iri pa https://sites.evergreen.edu/zoltan
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Kwete iko kushandiswa kwezwi rekuti 'pantheon' pano kutsanangura kuunganidzwa kwemhondi.
Nguva yekupedzisira, Britain, Soviet Union neUnited States vaivepo kurwisa fascism. Ndiani achange aripo kuti arwise nguva ino?