Michael Schwartz, munyori we Hondo Isingaperi: Hondo yeIraq mune Context uye mutauri nezvehondo dzeUS nemabasa emawebhusaiti akadai saHuffington Post naTomDispatch, akataura naAshley Smith nezvechiziviso chehutongi hwaObama kuti kubviswa kwe "mauto ehondo" kuri pahurongwa-uye kuti hurongwa hwayo hweIraq chii chaizvo.
PRESIDENT OBAMA nguva pfupi yadarika vakazivisa kuti vari kuzadzisa vimbiso yavo yekubvisa mauto eUS muIraq. Iyo US iri kuunza basa kumagumo here?
PAMUSORO, zvinoita sekunge zvakadaro, asi hazvisizvo zvechokwadi. VaObama varonga kuchengetedza masoja zviuru makumi mashanu muIraq mushure mekunzi vabviswa mauto. Ari kungoratidza mauto asara aya semachipangamazano nevarairidzi.
Aya mauto asara achange achiita chaizvo zvaanga achiita kubva pakatanga basa. Vachange vachirwa, vachirwisa nhare dzakasiyana siyana dzevapanduki uye kushevedzera mukurova kwemuchadenga, pamwe nekurova kwe artillery uye matangi.
Kunyange nhanho yemauto eUS yadzikira mumakore mashoma apfuura, vachiri kurwa uye vanochengeta kugona kwavo kuzviita mushure mekunzi kubviswa. Sezvo vanga vachirwa nguva pfupi yadarika - uye vachange vachirwa mune ramangwana-pamwe nemasoja eIraqi, chinangwa chavo chave kutsanangurwa se "mazano uye kudzidziswa," kunyangwe vachiri kurwa.
Chakavanzika chikuru ndechekuti chii chichaitika mukupera kwegore rinouya nekusvika kwemazuva ekupedzisira ekubviswa zvachose kwe zvose Mauto eUS, ayo US akabvumirana nawo mu "chimiro chemauto chibvumirano" (SOFA) neIraq.
Takaona zvakawanda zvekuvhara pamusoro pehuwandu hwezvinhu, zvombo uye mauto ari kutorwa kubva muIraq. Zviri pachena kuti mugore rapfuura, kwave nekuderedzwa kwemauto e70,000, saka izvo zvasara zvinosvika makumi mashanu. Mubvunzo ndewokuti nhamba iyoyo ichadzika kusvika ku zero, uye rudzii rwehupo hweAmerica hucharamba huri muIraq.
America ine mauto matatu ayo achashandisa kutsiva mauto ayo ayakabvisa. Chekutanga, huwandu hwevakondirakiti muIraq hwakanyanya. Jeremy Scahill, munyori webhuku rinonzi Blackwater, munguva pfupi yapfuura akafungidzira kuti kune vangangoita 150,000 makondirakiti muIraq. Nhamba huru yeava mamercenaries ane zvombo. Saka iyo U.S. ine surrogate mauto akasiyana nemauto ari munyika.
Chechipiri, Dhipatimendi reHurumende rine mauto mashoma ega. Yaita zviziviso paruzhinji kuti ichawedzera uto rehondo kusvika pakukura kukuru kuchengetedza vese vagari vekuAmerica muIraq. Yakaita zvikumbiro zvekutora zvinzvimbo zvishanu zvemauto zvakasara muIraq, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinoitirwa mauto anosvika zviuru gumi.
Chechitatu, iyo US yakazadza Iraq nemakondirakiti evagari vemo uye ma bureaucrats-zvinonzi nevakuru veUS "kuvapo kwavo". Vakavaka muzinda mukurusa munhau yenyika, uye vanoronga kuukudza zvikuru kwazvo kuti ugogara kanenge kaviri vamiriri 1,000 XNUMX vawakavakwa kuti uchengete. Vagari ava vanoumba huvepo hwakakosha kwazvo hweUS, hwakasiyana nevemauto, asi zvakadaro vachimanikidza maIraqi kuti aenderane nemitemo yeUS.
Asi kunyangwe nevamiriri ava, hutungamiriri hwemauto eUS hwakadzokorora kutaura kuti hunotarisira kugadziridzwa kweSOFA izvo zvinobvumidza kuenderera mberi kwemauto eAmerica. Iyo nyaya yekuti haisi kuputsa mabhesi makuru mashanu inoratidza kuti inotarisira kuwana imwe mhando yechibvumirano chekuchengeta mauto akakosha kutonga nyika.
Vakuru veUS vakatsunga kuita izvi nekuti hurumende yeIraq yanga isiri kutevedzera zvido zveAmerica. Kana mhirizhonga iripo yezvematongerwo enyika kubvira sarudzo dzagadziriswa, hatifanire kutarisira kuti hurumende yeIraqi ichange ichitevedzera. Naizvozvo, iyo US ichada mauto ekuranga hurumende yeIraq.
CHII hunhu uye basa revakondirakiti vakazvimiririra vakahaiwa neUS?
ZVAKAoma kuwana mufananidzo wakazara weava makondirakiti, nekuti nguva yega yega iyo US inovashandisa kune akasiyana marudzi emapurojekiti nemamishini, vanosangana nekushungurudzika uye kutadza. Saka vanoramba vachichinja mashandisiro avanoita makondirakiti. Zvakadaro, tinogona kuwana muchidimbu mufananidzo wavo. Kazhinji, patinonzwa nezve 150,00 vega makondirakiti muIraq, tinofunga kuti vese varwi vemauto.
Ipo iyo US yakahaya nhamba huru yevarwi vakazvimiririra vakadaro, yakashandisawo makondirakiti chaiwo evagari vemo. Ivo vatariri, vashandi vekuvaka uye marudzi ese evakuru vakuru.
Semuenzaniso, apo US inohaya kambani kuti ivake chimwe chinhu, inotora kambani semukontrakta wevagari vemo. Yakahaya kondirakiti yakadaro kuti ivake nzvimbo hombe kunze kweBasra kuti ichengete michina uye nekugara makondirakiti akasiyana siyana kuti ashumire nzvimbo yemafuta yeRamallah. Iyo saizi yeguta diki, rine vanenge vatorwa chete mukati-chitsuwa cheEuro-America muIraq.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, US inoshandisa makondirakiti kugadzira migwagwa kuti ifambise kutorwa kwemafuta kana kuunganidza mauto kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, iri kutanga nzvimbo dzekutengesa dzinogona kushandiswa nemakondirakiti.
IUS inowanzo kuhaya makondirakiti ehurumende kuti atarisire nzvimbo dzehupenyu hweIraqi. Semuenzaniso, maIran nguva pfupi yadarika akavaka nhandare yendege muKarbala kuti ibvumidze mapilgrim kushanyira Iraq. IUS yakahaya makondirakiti ekuAmerica kuti "audze" maIraq mafambisirwo enhandare yendege. Kana kuti mune mumwe muenzaniso, mumwe chipangamazano wekuAmerica akapinzwa basa kuti araire gurukota rezvemafuta eIraq mataurirwo aangaitwa nemakambani emafuta epasi rose.
Iwe une chekibhodhi yemhando dzakasiyana dzezviitiko, asi mune imwe neimwe yeaya mamiriro, iyo U.S. inopinda mumatambudziko. Pane nguva dzose kuramba.
MuBasra, pakave nekupokana kukuru kubva kuhurumende yeko kupokana neiyo hombe yakavakwa neU.S. Hurumende yenzvimbo iyi yaida kushandisa nzvimbo iyi, yaive nhandare yemauto yakasiiwa kubva panguva yeSaddam, kuti igare veruzhinji kune vapoteri vese vari kuedza kudzosera dzimba. Hurumende yeUS neMaliki yakakunda hurumende yemuno, sezvo kushandira mafuta kwainyanya kukosha kwavari kupfuura vapoteri vedzimba.
Mune mumwe muenzaniso wekupokana neava makondirakiti evagari vemo, pane kurwa kukuru pari zvino pamusoro pekuti ndiani achashanda muindasitiri yemafuta- maIraqi kana makondirakiti epasi rese. Parizvino, vashandi vemafuta eIraq vakwanisa kuwana mabasa emaoko, asi kwete mabasa ehunyanzvi, ayo akaenda kune vashandi vekunze kubva kumakambani emafuta epasi rose.
Saka kushandiswa kwevashandi vekondirakiti kwakaoma. Asi zvakanyanya, iyo US iri kugadzira network yekutonga, yakaparadzaniswa kubva munharaunda yeIraqi uye isingazvidavirire kuhurumende yeIraqi nevanhu, kupinda muIraq nemakambani makuru emarudzi akawanda uye kuvabatanidza pamwe nenyika yese muhurongwa hwepasi rose hunotongwa neUS.
KO KUBVA kwaVaObama kwemauto kubva kuIraq kunorevei kuti zvishuvo zveUS zvitonge mamwe ese eMiddle East nenzvimbo dzayo dzemafuta?
UONGORORI hweOBAMA zvamazvirokwazvo hauna kusiya donzo rokugadza chiremera chakadaro, asi chakachinja mamwe enzira.
Yadzika kubva kune tarisiro yakanyanya kushuvira yeIraq. Yakasiya hurongwa hwaBush hwekushandura Iraq kuita mubatanidzwa unotyisa weUS neIsrael, uye kuishandisa kurwisa Iran. Asi vakuru vehurumende vachiri kuda kuve nemauto zviuru makumi mashanu muIraq semauto ekuramwa mabasa kuMiddle East. Ivo zvakare vanochengeta chishuwo, pamwe chekusuwa, chekuti Iraq ive linchpin yekutonga kweAmerica pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemafuta.
Asi vanoramba vachisangana nematambudziko chaiwo, kunyangwe mukuyedza kwavo kugadzirisa indasitiri yemafuta eIraq. Chinangwa chinoramba chiri chekupomba miriyoni gumi nemaviri madhiramu pazuva kubva muIraq kutyora kutonga kweOPEC kwepasi rose oiri system. Zvibvumirano zvemafuta, kunyanya, zvinoratidza matambudziko akatarisana neU.S. Nepo makambani emafuta akazvimirira epasi rose ari kubatanidzwa munhaurirano, vakundi vakuru vanga vari makambani emafuta emunyika ane kana anodzorwa nehurumende dzakasiyana.
Vakahwina zvikuru pane vese vanga vari makambani emafuta erudzi rweChinese-chimwe chinhu icho US isingakwanise kufara nacho. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo US haigone kutarisira kuti makambani emafuta ave rudzi rwechiridzwa cheAmerican policy yaaitarisira. Makambani eChinese haasi kuzove ari nyore mubatanidzwa weUS Asi US inogona kukwanisa kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Zvinoita sekuti muzvibvumirano zvekudyidzana, makambani emafuta epasi rose ndiwo anodyidzana.
IUS inofanirwawo kukunda zvisungo zveGurukota reOiri yeIraq, Hussain al-Shahristani, yekukudza zvibvumirano zveOPEC. Asi haanyatso kudzora- anogona kudzingwa kana hurumende itsva yeIraq yabuda, uye zvibvumirano zvemafuta zvinogona kubvarurwa. Zvibvumirano hazvina kumbobvumirwa neparamende, uye zvinotyora mitemo yemarudzi ose.
Hurumende itsva inogona kuregeredza zviri nyore pazvibvumirano. Tichaona kana U.S. ichikwanisa kumisikidza mitsva pamatemu ayo uye nezvido zvayo. Asi makambani emafuta epasi rose ari kushushikana zvikuru nekusagadzikana kweIraq, uye nekudaro vanozeza kuisa mari mumafuta eIraq izvozvi.
Kunyange zvakadaro, mutemo wehurumende yeU.S. Vakuru veUS vanoda indasitiri yemafuta, inotungamirwa nevega, kwete hurumende yeIraq, makambani emafuta, ayo achave nekugona kuita sarudzo yekuti ingani mafuta achapombwa kubva muIraq. Vanoda kuti sarudzo dzibviswe kuhurumende yeIraq.
NeUS ichinyatso kuvhura zviwanikwa zveoiri zveIraq nenzira iyi, vaizokuvadza OPEC. OPEC yaisakwanisa kuseta mitengo uye kushandisa chero rudzi rwesimba. Icho chakagara chiri chinangwa cheU.S.
ZVINHU zvinonetsa izvi zvinorevei kusimbisa simba reAmerica mudunhu, kunyanya kurwisa Iran?
IUS iri kurasika chaizvo nezve zvekuita nezveIran. Inotya Iran sesimba rinosimuka redunhu rinogona kugadzira block nemamwe masimba mudunhu uye nepasirese. Iran inogona kumisa nzira yakazvimirira mukutonga zvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi hwayo.
Iraq inogona kujoina nzira iyoyo neOPEC kana nekutanga chibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi neIran. Nyika mbiri idzi dzinogona kuuya kuzotungamira OPEC kana kuita mubatanidzwa nemamwe masimba seChina.
Nekuda kwekutadza kweUS muIraq, Iran inoteedzera zano rakadaro nekuvimba kukuru. VaObama vashandisa chirongwa ichi kumisa chirongwa chenyukireya cheIran sechiputi chekumisa Iran kutevedzera nzira iyi uye kuve simba redunhu rakazvimirira. IUS iri kuyedza chinhu chimwe mushure mechimwe kumisa kusimuka kweIran.
Ndakafunga kuti zvainakidza chaizvo kuti US yakazivisa nguva pfupi yadarika kuti zvirango zvitsva zveIran zviri kushanda. Zvino, munhu wese anofanira kuziva kuti hazvigoneke kuti zvirango zvive nekukanganisa kwakadai kuIran nekukurumidza. Hutongi hwaObama hwairatidza kushuvira chirevo cheveruzhinji kuti chiite senge chine mutemo wekushanda, asi chokwadi chiri kungotenderera.
Zvinenge zvese zvakaitwa neUS zvakasimbisa Iran. Uye yakavhura nzvimbo kuti China isimbise hukama hwayo neIran. MaChinese ari kushanda neIran pamatanho matatu kana mana akasiyana, achisimbisawo Iran. IUS haina yakawanda yekupfura pakudzora Iran. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, iyo American saber-rattling inotyisa, uye isu hatifanirwe kuramba mukana weimwe mhando yekurwisa Iran.
Imwe mukana ndeyekuti Israeri icharwisa Iran, ipapo Iran ichadzorera Israeri, uye US yaizoshandisa gakava kupembedza kurwisa kwemuchadenga- kumwe "kuvhunduka uye kutya" kurwisa kwemauto. Ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa nekuti mamirioni avanhu anogona kutambura. Asi ini handifunge kuti hutongi hwaObama hunoda chaizvo kutanga kurwisa kwakadai kana kubvumidza kuti Israel iite imwe. Yaizova njodzi.
Kwemakore mapfumbamwe apfuura ikozvino, iyo US yanga ichikundikana muchirongwa chayo chekugadzirisa Middle East muzvido zvayo. Pasinei neizvi, inoramba kugadzira zano idzva ringave rine hunhu.
Zvinangwa zvaro zvakakura zvinoramba zvakafanana: VaObama nevapangamazano vake vemitemo vanovavarira kushandura Middle East kuita paradhiso yecapitalist yakabatanidzwa muhupfumi hwenyika uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, inoenderana nezvido zveU.S. Ehe, ine mutauro wakasiyana weizvi, uye rhetoric inoshanduka kazhinji, asi chokwadi ndechekuti ichiri kutevedzera chinangwa chimwe chete chehumambo.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta