Pakabuda mafoto anotyisa ekushungurudzwa nekushungurudzwa kubva kuAbu Ghraib mukudonha kwa2004, vakagadzira dambudziko rehukama hweveruzhinji kune hutongi hweBush. White House yakashanda nesimba kuti iwane mari pakurwiswa kwa9/11 nekugadzira "hondo yekutyisa." Usambofa wakarangarira kupusa kwekuzivisa hondo pane zano. Pakati pe "hondo" itsva yaBush kwaiva kuratidzwa kwedu sevanhu vakanaka uye al Qaeda, maTaliban, naSaddam Hussein sevakaipa.
Asi maAbu Ghraib mapikicha evaIraqi vasina kusimira vakatutirana pamusoro peumwe, vachimanikidzwa kuita bonyora, vakatenderedzwa netambo sembwa dzinovhenekera mwenje.
Mushure mezvakazarurwa zvaAbu Ghraib, hutongi hweBush hwakatadza kushivirira kushambadza kwakashata. Saka muna 2005, CIA yakaparadza mazana emaawa emaawa emavhidhiyo anoratidza kubvunzurudzwa kwaAbu Zubaydah naAbd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, pamwe kusanganisira kukwira mumvura. Wokutanga
Ikozvino kuti kunyomba kwevhidhiyo tape kwabuda pachena, Bush nevarume vake vadzoka mukukuvara kwekudzora maitiro. Mukuru weCIA, Michael Hayden, akadzikisa kukosha kwekuparadza, achiti matepi akaparadzwa "mushure mekunge zvaonekwa kuti akange asisakoshese hungwaru uye asisakoshese kune chero mukati, mutemo kana matare edzimhosva." Mashoko aya haana maturo.
Matepi angangodaro anoratidza
Bush anoruramisa hutongi hwake "hukasha hwekubvunzurudza" nekuchengetedza kuti Zubaydah, achibvunzurudzwa, akarovera Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, uyo anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye mutongi wekurwiswa kwa9/11. Asi sekureva kwemutori wenhau anoferefeta Ron Suskind mubhuku rake ra2006 One Percent Doctrine, kwaive "kufamba-pinda" kwakatungamira CIA kuna Mohammed mukudzorera mubairo wemadhora makumi maviri nemashanu.
Zubaydah sezviri pachena anga asiri mutungamiriri we al Qaeda. Dan Coleman, mumwe weFBI inotungamira nyanzvi paal Qaeda, akati Zubaydah "aiziva zvishoma nezve mavhisi chaiwo, kana zano." Uyezve, Zubaydah aive schizophrenic, maererano naColeman. "Murume uyu anopenga, ane hunhu hwakapatsanuka." Maonero aColeman akaunzwa pamazinga epamusoro eCIA uye akataurirwa kuna Bush naCheney. Asi Bush akatsiura director weCIA, George Tenet, achiti, "Ndakati [Zubaydah] yakakosha. Hausi kuzondirega ndichirasikirwa nechiso pane izvi, ndizvo here? " Basa diki raZubaydah muAl Qaeda uye kupenga kwake kwakachengetwa zvakavanzika.
Mukupindura kurwadziswa uku, Zubaydah akaudza vaimubvunzurudza nezve zviuru nezviuru zvemagandanga zvainangwa neAl Qaeda mukuona kwayo: the
Dare Repamusorosoro rakaramba richisimbisa basa rehurumende rekupa vanopomerwa mhosva nehumbowo hupi huri muhurumende hunogona kuburitsa mupomeri kana kupomera mhosva yemuchuchisi. Zacarias Moussaoui akaedza kudaidza Zubaydah kuti apupure pakutongwa kwake. Musi wa9 Chivabvu 2003, Mutevedzeri wemagweta eU.S. David Novak naDavid Raskin vakanyepera Mutongi weDare Reruwa reU.S. Leonie Brinkema, aitungamirira kutongwa kwaMoussaousi. Mutongi paakabvunza "kana kubvunzurudzwa kuri kurekodhwa chero chimiro?", Magweta eU.S., sezviri pachena achivimba neruzivo kubva kuCIA, akati "Kwete." Uku kukanganisa kwekururamisira.
Kana Zubaydah naal-Nashiri vaenda pamberi pemakomisheni emauto, pasina mubvunzo vachasimudza kushungurudzwa kwavo sedziviriro kune chero mhosva dzavanosangana nadzo. Zvakadaro humbowo hwekushungurudzwa uku hwakaparadzwa nehurumende.
Pakanga pasina nzira yekuziva kana matepi aya angave ane kukosha kwehungwaru mune ramangwana. Chokwadi, hurumende yakaramba zvakadayiwa muna 2003 na2004 zve9/11 Commission nekutadza kupindura mibvunzo yakaitwa pavhidhiyo. Ikozvino CIA iri kupenengura mazwi nekutaura kuti komisheni haina kumbobvira yabvunza zvakananga matepi evhidhiyo. "Takakumbira chinhu chimwe nechimwe chavainacho," sachigaro wekomisheni Thomas Kean akadaro. โUye zvino mutevedzeri wasachigaro wangu, Lee Hamilton, akatarisa mutungamiriri weCIA kumeso, ndokuti, 'Tarisai, kunyangwe tisina kumbokumbira chimwe chinhu, kana zvine chekuita nekuferefeta kwedu, ita kuti zviwanikwe kwatiri.' โ
Panguva imwecheteyo Komisheni ye9/11 yakanyimwa matepi, ACLU yakaisa zvikumbiro zveRusununguko rweRuzivo rweRuzivo ichitsvaga marekodhi ekubatwa kwevasungwa vese.
Apo kuparadzwa kwematepi kwakava pachena, zvose matare eImba neSeneti ehungwaru akavhura ongororo, ndokudaidza zvapupu nemagwaro kuti ajekese nyaya iyi. Gweta guru rehurumende, VaMichael Mukasey, vakaramba kubatana uye vakaedza kuisa kabosh pamusangano weCongress, vachivakumbira kuti vamirire kusvika apedza tsvakurudzo yake yemukati. Asi mushure mekushoropodzwa munhau, CIA yakabvuma kuburitsa magwaro uye humbowo hwemutevedzeri mukuru weCIA John Rizzo.
Sarudzo yekuparadza matepi inonzi yakaitwa naJose A. Rodriguez Jr., aive mukuru weDirectorate of Operations, CIA's clandestine service. Kunyangwe hazvo komiti yezvehungwaru yeHouse intelligence yadaidza Rodriguez, hapana chinoratidza kuti vakuru vake vachamubvumira kupa humbowo.
The Sunday Times (
Magweta mana epamusoro eWhite House akapinda munhaurirano neCIA pakati pa2003 na2005 nezvekuparadza matepi evhidhiyo. Vaisanganisira Alberto Gonzales, David Addington (aimbove gweta raCheney, iye zvino mukuru wevashandi), Harriet Miers, naJohn Bellinger (aimbova gweta guru kuNational Security Council). The New York Times yakataura mashoko aichimbova mukuru mukuru wevasori achiti paiva neโpfungwa huruโ pakati pevamwe vakuru vakuru veWhite House kuti vaparadze matepi.
Vaviri vaimbove vakuru veCIA, Vincent Cannistrano naLarry Johnson, vanofunga kuti hazvingaite kuti Rodriguez atore danho rekuparadza matepi ari ega. George W. Bush "haana cheuviri" chekunzwa nezve kuvapo kana kuparadzwa kwematepi Hayden asati amuudza muchidimbu musi waDecember 13. Kunyange zvakadaro nekuda kwekufarira kwaBush mukubvunzurudzwa kwaZubaydah, zvinoita sekunge Mutungamiriri aive nechekuita nechisarudzo chekuparadza. matepi.
Panguva yekunzwa kwavo kutsigirwa nedare reSeneti, Michael Mukasey akaramba kutaura nezvekuti kukwira kwemvura kunoreva kushungurudzwa here. Mukasey aiziva kuti hutungamiriri hwaBush hwakabvuma vasungwa vemvura, uye kuti kurwadzisa imhosva yehondo pasi peUS War Crimes Act. Mukasey aidzivirira vakuru vake vemangwana kubva mukupara mhosva sematsotsi ehondo. Iye zvino Dhipatimendi reJustice, pasi peMukasey, riri kuongorora kuparadzwa kwematepi.
Mitemo yeDhipatimendi reRuramisiro inodaidzira kugadzwa kwegweta rekunze kana (1) kuferefetwa kwemhosva kwemunhu kana nyaya kwakakodzera, (2) kuferefetwa kana kumhan'arirwa kwemunhu iyeye kana nyaya neHofisi yeGweta reUnited States kana kupatsanurwa kwematare. Dhipatimendi reJustice rinopa kupesana kwezvido kuDhipatimendi, uye (3) pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu zvingave zvakanakira veruzhinji kudoma Mumwe Mumiriri Akakosha kuti atore mutoro wenyaya iyi. Kana zvinhu zvitatu izvi zvazadziswa, gweta guru rehurumende rinofanira kusarudza gweta rakakosha kubva kunze kwehurumende. (28 C.F.R. 600.1, 600.3 (2007).
Paaive mutongi wemubatanidzwa, Michael Mukasey akapa waranti yeuchapupu hwaJose Padilla. Warandi yacho yaive yakavakirwa pane imwe ruzivo kubva kuna Abu Zubaydah. Hazvina kujeka kuti Mukasey aiziva here kuti zvakataurwa naZubaydah zvakawanikwa nekushungurudzwa. Asi kubva zvaakapa gwaro redziviriro, Mukasey ane mhirizhonga chaiyo kana kuti inooneka. Vati kukasika kugadza gweta rekunze. Asi sekutonga kwaNixon, Dhipatimendi reJustice harigone kuvimbwa kuti rizviongorore. Congress inofanirwa kumanikidzwa kupa mutongo mutsva wakazvimirira wegweta.
Marjorie Cohn purofesa pa
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