Nhasi unosvitsa makore makumi mana nemashanund yegore rekutanga kwechirongwa chehondo yemakemikari muVietnam, nguva refu isina HAPANA danho rakakwana rekugadzirisa nehurumende yeUS. Imwe yenhaka inonyadzisa zvikuru yeHondo yeAmerica kurwisa Vietnam, Agent Orange inoenderera mberi ichipisa Vietnam uye vanhu vakafumurwa kumakemikari, pamwe nevana vavo.
Kwemakore anopfuura gumi, kubva 10 kusvika 1961, kuitira kuramba chikafu nekudzivirirwa kune avo vanonzi "muvengi," United States yakasvibisa nyika nemasango eVietnam nemakemikari anozivikanwa seAgent Orange. Makemikari aya aive nekusachena kwe dioxin - kemikari ine muchetura zvakanyanya inozivikanwa nesainzi. Mamirioni avanhu akaratidzirwa kuAgent Orange uye nhasi zvinofungidzirwa kuti mamirioni matatu eVietnamese achiri kutambura nemhedzisiro yemakemikari defoliants.
Pamusoro pemamiriyoni eVietnamese achiri kubatwa nehupfu hunouraya, makumi ezviuru zvevarwi veUS vanobatwawo. Izvo zvakakonzera kukanganisa kwekuzvarwa mumazana ezviuru zvevana muVietnam neUnited States - ndiko kuti, chizvarwa chechipiri nechechitatu cheavo vakasangana neAgent Orange makumi emakore apfuura. Uchapupu hwezvokurapa hunoratidza kuti mamwe magomarara (somuenzaniso, matishu akapfava asiri eHodgkin's Lymphoma), chirwere cheshuga (rudzi rwechipiri), uye muvana spina bifida uye humwe hurema hwakakomba hwekuzvarwa, hunokonzerwa nekuratidzwa.
Chiratidzo chinouraya chakasiiwa neAgent Orange pamamiriro echisikigo eVietnam chinosanganisira kuparadzwa kwemasango emangrove uye chepfu yenguva refu yevhu kunyanya munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa "nzvimbo dzinopisa" pedyo nekare mauto eUnited States.
Kupona veterans veVietnam muUnited States, mushure memakore mazhinji ekuita kwakarongeka, vakapedzisira vawana muripo wakaderera kubva kuhurumende yedu kune zvimwe zvirwere zvavanotambura nekuda kweAgent Orange chepfu. Kurwira uku kuchiri kuenderera mberi, mamirioni matatu asara akabatwa neVietnamese haana kuwana muripo wakadaro kana chero rubatsiro rwevanhu kubva kuhurumende yeUS. Kana kuti vana vevazhinji veveterans vekuUS vanotambura neAgent Orange-ane chekuita nekuremara kwekuzvarwa vakawana chero rubatsiro rwekurapa kana rumwe rubatsiro.
United States haidi kubvuma kuti kushandisa kwayo makemikari ane chepfu sezvombo zvehondo kune vagari vemo kunotyora mitemo yehondo, iyo inoziva musimboti wekusiyanisa pakati pezvinhu zvechiuto nezvevanhu, zvinoda kuti mauto adzivise zvinangwa zvevanhu. Iyi mitemo yehondo yakanyorwa muHague Convention neNuremberg misimboti, uye yakanyorwa muGeneva Conventions ye1949 uye Optional Protocol ya1977, pamwe neInternational Criminal Court mutemo.
Kushandiswa kweAgent Orange pavagari vemo kunotyora mitemo yehondo; asi hapana akanzi azvidavirire. Vateresi vanotora tebhu yeAgent Orange Compensation fund yeUS Veterans pamutengo wemabhiriyoni 1.52 emadhora pagore. Makambani emakemikari, kunyanya Dow neMonsanto, akawana purofiti kubva mukugadzirwa kweAgent Orange, akabhadhara mari shoma kuti vagadzirise mhosva yevarwi vehondo kuti vavaripe, sevasingatarisirwi, nekuda kwezvirwere zvine chekuita neAgent Orange. Asi veVietnamese vanoramba vachitambura nekutyorwa uku vasina kuzivikanwa, sezvinoita vana veAgent Orange-vakafumura veterans veUS uye veVietnamese-America.
Hurumende yedu ine chisungo chetsika uye chepamutemo chekuripa vanhu veVietnam nekuda kwekukanganisa kweAgent Orange, uye kubatsira mukuderedza mhedzisiro yayo. Chokwadi, hurumende yeUS yakaziva basa iri muChibvumirano cheRunyararo chakasainwa muParis muna 1973, umo manejimendi eNixon akavimbisa kupa madhora mabhiriyoni matatu emadhora kuporesa maronda ehondo, uye mukuvakazve kweVietnam mushure mehondo. Asi vimbiso iyoyo haisati yazadzika.
Kwemakore makumi mashanu neshanu apfuura, vanhu veVietnamese vanga vachiedza kugadzirisa iyi nhaka yehondo nekuyedza kuti United States nemakambani emakemikari vagamuchire mutoro wehusiku uhwu huri kuramba huchiitika. Kusabudirira danho repamutemo rakaitwa neVietnamese vakabatwa neAgent Orange vachipokana nemakambani emakemikari ari muUS federal court, yakatanga muna 52, zvakadaro yaita kuti United States izvidavirire pakushandisa makemikari ane njodzi kuvanhu. Bato iri rakakonzera mutemo wakamirira, HR 2004, The Victims of Agent Orange Relief Act ye2519 [http://www.govtrack.us/
Gore rakapera pa51st yegore rekutanga kwehondo yemakemikari yeUS kuVietnam, takakumbira vanhu pasi rese kuti vacherechedze 51 masekonzi ekunyarara mukurangarira avo vakatambura uye vanotambura nemhedzisiro yeAgent Orange, uye mushure mekunyarara kutora angangoita 51 masekondi e chiito chekutsigira kurwisana. Gore rino zvakare tinokukurudzira kuti ufungisise nezvedambudziko ririkuenderera mberi uye tora matanho nekuona kuti mumiriri wako weCongressional anotsigira HR 2519, akaunzwa naRep. Barbara Lee.
Marjorie Cohn purofesa paThomas Jefferson Chikoro cheMutemo uye aimbova mutungamiri weNational Lawyers Guild. Jeanne Mirer, gweta reNew York, ndiye mutungamiri weInternational Association of Democratic Lawyers. Ivo vese vari mubhodhi reVietnam Agent Orange Relief uye Responsibility Campaign, http://www.vn-agentorange.org/
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