YeJuntas, Dutu, uye Kudengenyeka Kwepasi-Zvakasikwa uye Zvakagadzirwa Nevanhu
The Indian Ocean tsunami ya2004, nenzufu dzayo dzine 225,000 11 kana kuti kupfuura munyika XNUMX, dzakakatyamadza nyika; saka, mumavhiki achangopfuura, kune kuparara kunoitwa nedutu rine simba (uye tidal surge) rakarova Irrawaddy Delta yeMyanmar. Zvakaguma dai wango 78,000 vakafa (nevamwe 56,000 vakanzi vasipo) uye kuratidzwa kwekusagadzikana kune chikamu cheuto remauto chakanangana nekuchengetedza kwayo apo vanhu vayo vanoparara. Saizvozvowo, kudengenyeka kwenyika kunoparadza mukati China's Sichuan Province iyo yakarova 7.9 pachikero cheRichter uye iyo kudedera kwayo kwakanzwika makiromita 1,000 XNUMX kubva kure yakatsvaira munhau. Huwandu hwekukuvadzwa kwayo hwakatosvika 51,000 nenhamba dzisingazivikanwe dzevaChina vachiri kuvigwa mumarara kana kuchekwa mumaruwa uye zvakadaro, parizvino, vasati vatorwa, uye Inofungidzirwa mamiriyoni mashanu evanhu vasina pokugara.
Idzi injodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, dzakaoma kunyange kutora mukati, uye zvakadaro mubvunzo une musoro kuti, maererano nekukuvara, chero ipi zvayo inokwana kune inoenderera mberi yakagadzirwa nevanhu (kana kuti Bush administration yakagadzirwa) muIraq. Zvakatonyanya kuipa, kusiyana nenjodzi yemusikirwo, njodzi yeIraq inoratidzika kunge isingagumi. Hapana anogona kana kufungidzira pazvinganzi nezvenyika iyoyo kuti nguva yekuvakazve kana kuvaka patsva yava kuda kutanga. Pane kudaro, kukuvara kunongokura vhiki nevhiki rinosiririsa uye zvakadaro, sezvagara zvichiitika mugore rapfuura, Iraki anoramba aine dambudziko kunyange kutsemuka nyaya gumi dzepamusoro mukati US nhau.
Vhiki rino chete, mauto eIraq akatamira munzvimbo yakakura, yakarohwa yeShiite Sadr manzwiro kumabvazuva Baghdad mushure memavhiki ekurwa kunotyisa. Tsanangudzo dzekutanga dzekukuvadza - simba remhepo reUS raiwanzoshevedzwa mukati memwedzi yekupedzisira munzvimbo ino ine vanhu vakawanda slum - inoparadza: "Pandakatamira munharaunda," anonyora Raheem Salman ye Los Angeles Times online, "kuparadzwa kwemavhiki ekurwa kwaityisa. Zvitoro zvakawanda nemakioki zvakakuvadzwa. Magonhi akagogodzwa kubva pamahinji awo. Mahwindo akapwanyika. Madziro akazara nemaburi emabara. Zvimwe zvivakwa zvinoputitswa nemoto wemakombi. "
Asi ipapo Iraki pachayo inzvimbo inoparadza. Kubva pakurwiswa kwekutanga kwekuvhundutsa-uye-kutya paBaghdad sezvo hutongi hweBush hwakatanga muna Kurume 2003 - iyo. vakauraya vanhuwo zvavo - uye kutanga kubhomba, kupotsa, kubhomba, uye kunyange kubhomba kwakawanda kwenzvimbo dzemumaguta sezvo mauto eUS anopinda kuchamhembe, rufu, mhirizhonga, uye kuparadza kwave kuri kuita kweBush kutonga muIraq. Parizvino, zvinofungidzirwa Mamirioni maviri maIraq vangave vapoteri kunze kwenyika kana kuti vakadzingwa mukati uye, zvichienderana nechidzidzo chipi kana nhamba dzaunoshandisa, mazana ezviuru kusvika kumirioni kana kupfuura maIraqi akafa mumakore mashanu apfuura. Iko, hongu, hapana nzira yekuyera kushushikana kwepfungwa uye kushungurudzika izvo makore mamwechete akaunza kuIraq.
The New York Times ichangopfuura profiled chiremba wepfungwa ari kushanda nemidziyo yechinyakare isina tariro mukati mekupererwa nezano, vanhu vakakuvadzwa paIbn Rushid, chipatara chepfungwa mu. Baghdad. Ikozvino yave hulk-down hulk iyo vanomwe vevashandi gumi nevaviri vepfungwa vakatiza - kungave kunzvimbo dzeKurdish kuchamhembe kana kunze kwenyika - vachitya kupambwa kana kuurayiwa. Mune zvimwe zvipatara nemayunivhesiti mu Baghdad, vashandi vanonzi vadzikiswa nechikamu che80%. Hupfumi hwaparara; chiremera chehurumende hachisati chiripo; chirwere chinopararira; hurongwa hwezvokurapa huri matongo; zvikamu zvakakosha zveboka repakati zvaenda; mauto ari kutonga; uye zvakadaro, mukati meiyi inotenderera, njodzi inotyisa, hutongi hweBush hwakaoma rinopfuurira mukufamba kwayo.
Kunyomba kwakawanda kwakadururwa pajunta mukati Myanmar munguva pfupi yapfuura, asi, kana zvasvika pakuramba uye kuisa kuzvida pamberi pekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu vazhinji vemweya yakaora mwoyo, Mutungamiri weAmerica, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri, nevakuru vavo vepamusoro vakazviratidza ivo vepuraneti junta yekutanga. Kana zvasvika Iraki, kusvikira kuzuva rino chairo, vanoramba vakaoma mwoyo uye vakanyatsodzivirirwa kubva pamigumisiro yeshanduro yevanhu yokudengenyeka kwe7.9 kwavakarega munyika iyoyo.
Kudzoka muna Ndira 2005, tichifunga nezve Indian Ocean tsunami, Rebecca Solnit akanyora panzvimbo ino: "Unogona kutaura neimwe nzira kuti zvakaitika muIraq itsunami yakatsvaira zviuru gumi zvemamaira kubva pakaitika kudengenyeka kwepasi muWashington DC, kudengenyeka kwenyika mumutemo uye musimboti wakaparadza hupenyu husingaverengeki uye nharaunda nemaguta. kureโฆโ Asi uyu hausati wanyatsove mufananidzo wakakurumbira muAmerican media media; uye saka, mumavhiki achangopfuura, hapana akambofunga kubatanidza njodzi yedu yeIraqi inoenderera kune njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga muAsia, kana zviito zveBurmese junta kune avo vevatungamiriri vedu. Iraki. Mushure mezvose, isu tinonyanya kunyudzwa, uye kazhinji kusava nehanya nazvo, kukuvadzwa kunoenderera kwatinoita.
Uye zvakadaro, sekutaura kwaMichael Schwartz, kuramba kweIraqi kune zvishuwo zveBush uye magadzirirwo anoenderera mberi. Kupikisa kwerudzi urwu kwave kunesu kubva kune varimi vechiKatorike ve Speini - vatsigiri veSunni vezuva ravo - vakaramba, uye pakupedzisira vakakunda, hondo yaNapoleon, yakanakisisa mu Europe panguva iyoyo. Uye kutonga naFrancisco Goya ane mukurumbira akatevedzana eaquatints, Njodzi dzeHondo, ungadai usisade kusangana nevarimi ivavo munzira yekumashure sezvawaizoda vazhinji vevanopikisa mu Iraki nhasi.
Schwartz, ane chepakutanga uye canny anoongorora Iraki yagara iri chikamu cheTomdispatch, ikozvino yavaka pane iro basa kugadzira bhuku idzva rinoshamisa, Hondo Isingaperi, iyo ichakurumidza kubudiswa. Ichi chidimbu chekuti nyika yemamiriyoni makumi maviri nematanhatu yakakwanisa sei kuramba "simba guru" repasi - uye mutengo wayakabhadhara - yakagadziriswa kubva kumhedzisiro yebhuku iri.
Tom Engelhardt
rwizi of musimbwa
Maitiro eAmerican Imperial Dream Yakatangwa mukati Iraki
Yakanyorwa naMichael Schwartz
Musi waKukadzi 15, 2003, vagariwo zvavo pasi rose vakadirana mumigwagwa vachitsutsumwa nechisimba chaGeorge W. Bush. Iraki. Kuratidzira kwakaitika mumaguta makuru nemataundi madiki pasi rose, kusanganisira kuratidzira kudiki asi kwakasimba pa McMurdo Station in Antarctica. Vanhu vanosvika mamirioni makumi matatu, vakaona njodzi yaiuya, vakapinda mune izvo Rebecca Solnit, izvo. muapostora wetariro yakakurumbira, yakadana "kuratidzira kukuru uye kwakapararira pasi rose."
Kuongorora kwekutanga kwenhoroondo kwakaratidza kuratidzira kunoshamisa uku kwepasi kukundikana, sezvo hutongi hweBush, pasati papera mwedzi mumwe gare gare, vakaraira. US mauto akayambuka muganhu weKuwaiti uye kuenda Baghdad.
Uye kubvira zvave kukanganwika zvakanyanya, kana pamwe kuiswa zvirinani, kudzimwa kubva kune yepamutemo uye media memory. Kunyange zvakadaro kutsutsumwa kwakakurumbira kwakafanana norwizi kupfuura dutu; inoramba ichiyerera ichipinda munzvimbo itsva, ichitakura zvidimbu zvoupenyu hwayo hwapakuvamba kupinda mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Isu hatiwanzoziva mhedzisiro yacho kusvika makore mazhinji anotevera, apo, kana isu tine rombo rakanaka, isu pakupedzisira tinogadzirisa nzira yayo inotenderera. Kutaura kune varatidziri kumashure muna Chivabvu 2003, kwangopera mwedzi mushure US mauto akapinda muguta guru reIraq, Solnit akapa zvinotevera:
"Hatingambofa takaziva, asi zvinoita sekunge hutungamiriri hwaBush hwakasarudza kupokana nekubhomba kwe'Shock and Awe' kweBaghdad nekuti takazvijekesa kuti mutengo mumaonero enyika uye mhirizhonga yevagari wakakwira zvakanyanya. Isu mamirioni tinogona kunge takaponesa. zviuru zvishoma kana makumi ezviuru zvishoma zvehupenyu. Gakava repasi rose pamusoro pehondo rakainonotsa kwemwedzi, mwedzi iyo zvichida yakapa vazhinji veIraqi nguva yekurara muzvitoro, kubuda, kugadzirira kurwisa."
Chero nhoroondo inozopedzisa nezvenguva iyoyo isingatarisirwi yekuratidzira, kana hondo yatanga, dzimwe nzira dzekupikisa dzakamuka - kunyanya mu. Iraki pachayo - izvo zvakanga zvisingatarisirwi zvakafanana. Uye mhedzisiro yavo pane zvibodzwa zvakakura zveBush manejimendi vanoronga zvinogona kuteverwa zviri nyore. Zvifunge seizvi: Munyika yakakura seCalifornia ine vanhu vanongosvika mamiriyoni 26, muunganidzwa wemararamiro evaBaath, vanoomerera pane zvakasarudzika, vaichimbova varwi, varongi vemibatanidzwa, vanosarudza zvegutsaruzhinji, vatungamiriri vemadzinza emo, uye vafundisi vanoita zvematongerwo enyika - kazhinji vachipikisana. huro (chaizvoizvo) - zvisinei akakwanisa kukanganisa zvirongwa zveanozviti New Rome, "hyperpower" uye "global sheriff" yePlaneti Earth. Uye izvo, kunyangwe mukutarisisa kwekutanga kuongorora kwenhoroondo, zvinogona zvechokwadi kuratidza nhoroondo.
The New American Century Inoenda Kusina Kuita
Zvakaoma iye zvino kunyange kuyeuka chiratidzo chepakutanga George W. Bush nevakuru vake vepamusoro pamusoro pekukunda kwe Iraki yaizoitika sechikamu muMutungamiriri weHondo yePasirose yeKutyisa. Mupfungwa dzavo, kupindirwa kwacho kwaive nechokwadi kuunza kukunda nekukurumidza, kuteverwa nekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yevatengi yaizove yakakosha. "kutsungirira" US zvigaro zvemauto kubva Washington vaizogadzira simba mune zvese zvavaida kuti "Greater Middle East."
Pamusoro pe, Iraki yaizokurumidza kuva paradhiso yemusika wakasununguka, izere neoiri yepasirese inoyerera nemitengo yakarekodhwa pamusika wepasi rose. Kufanana nehutongi hunodonha, Siria neIran, dzakabatwa nekuratidzira kwakadai kwesimba reAmerica, raizotevera, kungave kubva mukusundidzirwa kwemauto kana nekuda kwehutongi hwavo - uye nyika dzinosvika makumi matanhatu pasi rose - ingafarira hazvina zvazvinobatsira yekupikisa zvinodiwa neWashington. Pakupedzisira, iyo "unipolar nguva" ye US pasi rose hegemony kuti kuparara kwe Soviet Union yatangwa yaizowedzerwa kuita a "New American Century" (pamwe chete nechizvarwa Pax Republicana kumba).
Chiono ichi ikozvino, chokwadi, chaenda kare, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusatarisira uye kwakasimba kuramba kwese kwese mukati. Iraki. Kupokana uku kwaisanganisira zvakanyanya kupfuura kupandukira kwekutanga kweSunni kwakasunga chii Donald Rumsfeld yaidanwa norudado kuti โuto gurusa rehondo riri pamusoro penyika.โ Hachisati chiri chimwe chakanyanya chirevo chekutaura kuti, pamatanho ese enzanga, kazhinji nekuzvipira kukuru, vanhu veIraqi vakavhiringidza magadzirirwo ehumambo hwesimba guru.
Funga, semuenzaniso, nzira dzakawanda idzo maSunni eIraqi akaramba kutorwa kwenyika yavo kubva panguva iyo hutongi hweBush hwekubvisa zvachose hutongi hweBaathist hwaSaddam Hussein hwakabuda pachena. Iro guta guru reSunni Fallujah, kufanana nedzimwe nzanga dzakawanda munyika yose, zvakangoerekana zvaumba hurumende itsva yakavakirwa pazvimiro zvevafundisi zvomunzvimbomo nedzinza. Kufanana neakawanda emaguta aya, yakadzivirira kupamba kwakaipisisa kwakaitika mushure mekurwisa nekukurudzira kuumbwa kwemauto emunharaunda kuti apurise nharaunda. Sezvineiwo, kubiridzira kwakaitika mukati Baghdad zvaive, zvishoma muchidimbu, mhedzisiro ye US kuvapo kwemauto, izvo zvakanonotsa kusikwa kwemauto akadaro ikoko. Pakupedzisira, zvisinei, mauto emapoka akaunza kurongeka kwenhevedzano Baghdad.
MuFalluja uye kumwewo, mauto mamwe chete aya akakurumidza kuva midziyo inoshanda yekudzikisa, uye - kwechinguva - kubvisa, kuvapo kwe US zvechiuto. Kwechikamu chiri nani chegore, takatarisana neIED uye kuvandira kubva kune vapanduki, ivo US mauto akazivisa Falluja se "hapana kuenda" zone, akadzokera kumabhesi kunze kweguta, uye akarega kupinda nechisimba munzvimbo dzine hutsinye. Kudzokera kumashure uku kwakafananidzwa mune mamwe maguta mazhinji nemataundi. Kusavepo kwekutenderera nemauto kwakaponesa makumi ezviuru zve "vanofungidzirwa kuti vapanduki" kubva mumhirizhonga inowanzouraya yekupinda mudzimba, uye hama dzavo kubva mudzimba dzakaparara uye nhengo dzemhuri dzakavharirwa.
Kunyange vakabudirira zvikuru ve US mauto ehondo munguva iyoyo, hondo yechipiri yeFalluja munaNovember 2004, inogonawo kuonekwa, kubva kune imwe nzira yakasiyana, sechiito chakabudirira chekudzivisa. Nokuti iyo nyika dzakabatana yaidiwa kuti iunganidze chikamu chikuru chemauto ayo ekurwa nekuda kwekugumburisa (kunyangwe kutamisa mauto eBritish kubva kumaodzanyemba kuti aite mabasa ekugadzirisa), mamwe maguta mazhinji akasiiwa ari ega. Mazhinji emaguta aya akashandisa kuzorora uku kubva kumauto eUS kumisa, kana kubatanidza, hurumende dzinozvitonga kana quasi-hurumende uye mauto anodzivirira, zvichiita kuti zvinyanye kuoma kuti basa rivadzore.
Falluja pachayo yaive, hongu, akaparadza, ine 70% yezvivakwa zvayo yakashanduka kuita marara, uye makumi ezviuru zvevagari vayo vakatamiswa zvachose - chibayiro chakanyanya chakave nemhedzisiro isingatarisirwe yekubvisa kumanikidzwa kune mamwe maguta eIraq kwechinguva. Muchokwadi, kutyisa kwekupokana munzvimbo dzinonyanya kuzara maSunni eIraq kwakamanikidza mauto eAmerica kuti amirire makore anoda kusvika mana asati avandudza kuedza kwavo kwekutanga kwe2004 kudzikamisa kurongeka kwakarongeka kwakatungamirwa naSadrist munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeShia dzenyika.
Kupanduka kweVashandi veOiri
Mune imwe nhandare zvachose, funga zviroto zveBush manejimendi zve kubatanidza Kugadzirwa kwemafuta eIraq kune zvishuwo zvayo zvekunze kwenyika. Zvinangwa zvechimbichimbi, sekuona kwazvakaita varongi vekuAmerica, kwaive kupeta kaviri kuburitswa kwehondo isati yatanga uye kutanga hurongwa hwekuendesa hutongi hwekugadzira kubva pakuva muridzi wehurumende kuenda kumakambani ekunze. Matanho matatu makuru esimba akagadzirirwa kuzadzisa zvibodzwa izvi kusvika parizvino akanganiswa nekupokana kubva kunenge chikamu chese chevanhu vekuIraq. Vashandi vemafuta veIraq vakarongeka vakaita basa rakakosha mune izvi nekushandisa kugona kwavo kuunza kugadzirwa kwakamira kuti vabvise kutamiswa - mwedzi mishoma chete mushure mekunge US yabvisa hutongi hwaSaddam Hussein - hwekushanda kwekumaodzanyemba. chiteshi chemafuta cheBasra kune manejimendi eiyo-Halliburton subsidiary KBR.
Izvi nezvimwe zviito zvekutanga zvekuzvidza basa zvakadzora kurwisa kwekutanga kuIraqi inodzorwa nehurumende yekugadzira mafuta. Zviito zvakadaro zvakaisawo hwaro hwekuedza kwakabudirira kudzivirira kupfuura kwemafuta marongero akaumbwa muWashington akagadzirirwa kuendesa kutonga kwekutsvagisa simba nekugadzira kumakambani ekunze. Mukuedza uku, vashandi vemafuta vakabatanidzwa nemapoka eSunni neShia anopikisa, hurumende dzenzvimbo, uye pakupedzisira paramende yenyika itsva.
Idzi rudzi rwekupokana rwakatambanudzirwa kune runyorwa rwese rwekuvandudza neoliberal inotsigirwa neU.S.-inodzorwa Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA). Kubva pakutanga kwebasa, semuenzaniso, pakanga paine kuratidzira kupokana nekushaikwa kwemabasa kwakakonzerwa nekuputswa kwenyika yeBaathist uye kuvharwa kwemafekitori ehurumende. Kuwanda kwekupokana nepfuti yaive mhinduro kune yekutanga kudzvanyirirwa kwechisimba kwekuratidzira uku.
Chakatonyanya kukosha kwaiva kuedza kwomunharaunda kutsiva mabasa ehurumende akamiswa neCPA. Idzo matunhu madiki ehurumende akarera mauto akatsvaga kutsigira kana kutsiva zvirongwa zvemagariro eBaathist, kazhinji nekubvisa mafuta aiendeswa kunze kwenyika kumusika mutema kubhadhara masevhisi emuno, uye kuunganidza zviwanikwa zvemuno zvakaita sekugadzira magetsi. Mhedzisiro yacho ingave kusikwa kwemadhorobha-matunhu chero kupi US mauto akange asipo, zvichikonzera kusakwanisa kwebasa racho "kunyaradza" chero chikamu chikuru chenyika.
Bato reSadrist neMahdi Mauto mauto emufundisi Muqtada al-Sadr angangove akabudirira zvakanyanya - uye akanyanya kupokana - emapato ezvematongerwo enyika eShia-cum-mauto akatsvaga zvine hungwaru kusimudzira masangano ehurumende. Vakaedza kusangana, zvisinei zvishoma, zvimwe zvezvinodikanwa zvenharaunda dzavo, kupa mabhasikiti echikafu, mabasa edzimba, uye kushandira mamwe mabasa mazhinji akambovimbiswa nehurumende yeBaathist, asi akapika nekugara kweUS nehurumende yeIraq kuti United States yakaiswa rinhi "kupa" uchangamire muna June 2004.
Vagari vekuAmerica vaitarisira kuti hurongwa hwavo hwekukurumidza kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika uye shanduko yehupfumi hunotungamirwa nehupfumi zvechokwadi hwaizounza kuramba, asi vaive nechokwadi chekuti izvi zvaizodzikira nekukurumidza kana hupfumi hutsva hwapinda mugiya. Pane kudaro, basa richienderera mberi, zvido zvekuyamurwa zvakawedzera kusimba uye nekusimbirira, nepo nyika pachayo, mumhirizhonga uye pedyo nekuparara, yakave humbowo hunooneka hwekutadza kwehurongwa hwe "musika wemahara" weBush.
Iyo Iraqi Agenda yekubvisa
Vakuru vakuru vebasa vakasanganawo nedambudziko rimwe chete mune zvematongerwo enyika. Chinangwa chekutanga cheBush manejimendi yaive yakagadzikana, pro-Washington hurumende, yakatorerwa hutongi hwayo hwehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro penharaunda yeIraq, asi hwaro hwekupokana nesimba redunhu reIran. Chiratidzo ichi, sehama dzayo dzehondo uye dzehupfumi, dzakabva dzanyangarika pasi pekuremerwa kweIraqi.
Tora, semuenzaniso, sarudzo mbiri dzepamusoro dzeIraq, dzinopembererwa munhepfenyuro dzeAmerica seyakasiyana-siyana yekutonga kweBush mune imwe nzira yehudzvanyiriri. Middle East. Mukati Iraki, zvisinei, vakanga vane chitarisiko chakasiyana zvikuru. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti nyika dzakabatana pakutanga yakaronga kusimudzira mutemo wayo wakananga - Coalition Provisional Authority - kudzamara nyika yagadzikana zvizere uye kugadzirisa kwayo hupfumi kwapera. Apo CPA yakava chiratidzo chinovengwa chebasa risingadiwe, kuronga kwakachinja kune pfungwa yekugadza hurumende yeIraqi yakagadzwa, zvichibva pamisangano yenharaunda yaingogona kupinda vatsigiri vebasa racho. Sarudzo dzakakwana dzaizomiswa kusvika vanenge vakunda vanenge vachitsigira zvizere chirongwa cheBush vavimbiswa. Kudururwa kwekuratidzira kubva munzvimbo dzinonyanya kuve dzechiShia munyika, inotungamirwa naGrand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, yakamanikidza vatungamiri veCPA kuti vaenderere mberi nesarudzo.
Sarudzo dzekutanga muna Ndira 2005 dzakaunza ruzhinji rweparamende rwakavhota pamapuratifomu vachidaidzira nguva dzakasimba dzenguva yakazara. US kubuda kwemauto munyika. Vamiriri veAmerica vakabva vamanikidzira nechisimba dare remakurukota rakanga richangogadzwa kuti risiye chinzvimbo ichi.
Sarudzo yeparamende yechipiri muna Zvita 2005 yakatevera maitiro akafanana. Panguva ino, kutaurirana kwemukati kwakangoshanda zvishoma. Mutungamiriri wehurumende achangogadzwa, Nouri al-Maliki, akasiya zvaakavimbisa nekutsigira pachena kuvepo kwemauto eAmerica, izvo zvakakonzera kusawirirana kukuru mumubatanidzwa unotonga. Mushure megore renhaurirano dzisina zvibereko, maSadrist makumi matatu muparamende, pakutanga aive chikamu chakakosha chemubatanidzwa wekutonga kwaMaliki, vakabuda mumubatanidzwa iwoyo nedare remakurukota vachipokana nekuramba kwemutungamiri wenyika kutara zuva rekupera kwebasa. Zvikumbiro zvakazotevera zvedare reparamende zvezuva rekuti ribviswe zvakafuratirwa nehurumende uye US vakuru vakuru. Nepo Maliki akaenderera mberi nebasa asina ruzhinji rweparamende, gakava racho rakakonzera kukurumbira kwemaSadrist uye kuderera kwerutsigiro rwemamwe mapato anotonga echiShiite.
Nekutanga kwa2008, sarudzo dzematunhu dziri kuuya muna Mbudzi, pakanga pasina kupokana kuti maSadrist vaizotora masimba mumatunhu mazhinji eShia, zvakanyanya. Basra, IrakiGuta rechipiri rakakura uye kumaodzanyemba oiri hub. Kuti udzivise kusagadzikana uku, mauto ehurumende yeIraqi, anotsigirwa uye anorairwa ne US mauto, akatsvaka dzinga maSadrists kubva munzvimbo dzakakosha dze Basra.
Kushandiswa kwemauto uku kudzivirira kukundwa kwesarudzo kwaingova kumwe chete kwezviratidzo zvakawanda zvekuti hurumende yeIraq yainzwa kumanikidzwa kwemaonero everuzhinji. Chimwe chaive kusada kweMutungamiriri Maliki kuramba achipikisa Iran. Zvisinei nekushingaira kwekutonga kwaBush, hurumende yake yakasimudzira hukama hwemagariro, hwechitendero, uye hwehupfumi pakati peIraqi neIran. Izvi zvaisanganisira kufambisa shanyo kumaguta matsvene e karbala neNajaf nemazana ezviuru zvevafambi veIran Shia, pamwe nekutsigira kutengeserana kwemafuta kwakakura pakati. Basra uye mafemu eIran, anosanganisira kugovera nekunatsa masevhisi akavimbisa kubatanidza hupfumi hwemagetsi maviri. Hukama hwemauto pakati penyika mbiri idzi hwakarambidzwa US zviremera, asi ikoku hakuna kudzongonyedza fungu rebatira pamwe.
The rwizi of musimbwa
Sezvo basa raienderera mberi, hutongi hweBush hwakazviwana huchituhwina nekupokana kwemhando yaimbove isingafungidzirwe, uye ichienderera mberi kubva pazvinangwa zvayo. Nhasi, maguta nemataundi akatenderedza nyika ari pasi pesimba reShia kana Sunni mauto ayo, kunyangwe akadzidziswa kana kubhadharwa nekugara, anoramba achipokana nehondo. US kuvapo. Zvakare, kunyangwe hupfumi hweIraq hwakadzikira hwave pamutemo, mauto emuno - nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vavakashanda navo - vanoramba vachikwidza zvichemo zvezvirongwa zvakakura zvakatsigirwa nehurumende zvekuvakazve nekusimudzira hupfumi.
Hutungamiri hwezvematongerwo enyika hwakarongeka Iraki, yakavharirwa mukati menzvimbo yakasimbiswa zvikuru, inodzorwa neU.S Baghdad, inoramba ichienderana neruzhinji kana zvasvika kune Bush manejimendi zvirongwa zvekushandura Iraki munzvimbo yekuMiddle East - kusanganisira kuenderera mberi kwemauto eAmerica pa dzakatevedzana ye mega-bases mumoyo wenyika. Mamwe ese ehurumende bureaucracy uye yakawanda ye IrakiMidzi yeuswa iri kuramba ichisimbirira pazuva rekutanga rekuAmerica rekusimuka uye kudzoreredzwa kwakazara kwemitemo yehupfumi yakatanga kuziviswa nebasa.
In Washington, yeDemocratic pamwe neveRepublican vezvematongerwo enyika, iyo outpost pfungwa inoramba iri pamwoyo weiyo policy agenda ye Iraki mugore rino resarudzo, pamwe chete nehupfumi hwenyika hune indasitiri yemafuta echizvino-zvino umo mafemu epasi rose achashandisa tekinoroji yemazuva ano kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemafuta munyika.
Kupikisa kweIraq kwese kwese uye pamatanho ese, zvisinei, kwakadzivirira chiratidzo ichi kuti chive chokwadi. Nekuda kwevaIraqi, iyo ine mbiri inonzwika Hondo yePasi rose paKutyisa yakashandurwa kuita hondo isingaperi, isina tariro chaiyo.
Asi maIraqi akabhadhara mutengo wakashata wekuramba. Kupinda nechisimba nemagariro nemagariro ehupfumi zvakaiperekedza zvakaparadza Iraki, richisiya vanhu varo vachitoshaya. Mumakore mashanu ekutanga ehondo iyi isingaperi, maIraqi akatambura zvakanyanya nekuramba kupfuura dai vakagamuchira nekutsungirira hutongi hwemauto eAmerica nehupfumi. Vangave vachiziva kana kuti kwete, vakazvipira kuti vamire Washington's yakarongwa kufora kwemauto nehupfumi kuburikidza nemafuta-akapfuma Middle East munzira inoenda kuAmerican Century itsva iyo zvino isingazombovipo.
Yapfuura nguva yekuti nyika yese itore chikamu chidiki chemutoro wekupokana. Kungofanana nekuratidzira kwepasirese hondo isati yatanga yaive pakati penzvimbo dzekumusoro dzekuIraq kuramba-kuuya, saka ikozvino vamwe, kunyanya maAmerican, vanofanirwa kuramba iyo pfungwa yekuti Iraq ingangove muzinda wekuvepo kweUnited States zvachose. mu mashoko weBush munyori wekutaura David Frum, "akaisa America zvakanyanya kutonga dunhu kupfuura chero simba kubva kuOttomans, kana pamwe kunyange vaRoma." Kusiyana neIraqis, shure kwezvose, vagari vemo nyika dzakabatana vakamisikidzwa zvakasiyana kuti vavige ichi chiroto chehumambo zvachose.
Michael Schwartz, Purofesa weSociology pa Moans Brook yunivhesiti akanyora zvakawanda pamusoro pekuratidzira kwakakurumbira uye kumukira. Kuongorora kwake kwe America's Iraki akaonekwa nguva dzose paTomdispatch.com, pamwe neAsia Times, Amai Jones, uye Contexts. Bhuku rake riri kuuya Tomdispatch, Hondo Isingaperi: Iyo Iraq Debacle muContext (Haymarket, Chikumi 2008) inoongorora kuti mauto ezvematongerwo enyika akatungamira sei US kuputsa nyika nehupfumi hweIraqi uku uchikurudzira hondo yevagari vemo. email address yake inoti [email inodzivirirwa].
[Chinyorwa ichi chakatanga kubuda Tomdispatch.com, weblog yeNational Institute, iyo inopa kuyerera kwakadzikama kwemamwe masosi, nhau, uye maonero kubva kuna Tom Engelhardt, mupepeti wenguva refu mukutsikisa, muvambi we iyo American Empire Project uye munyori we Mugumo Wekukunda Muitiro (University of Massachusetts Press), iyo ichangobva kunyatsogadziridzwa mune ichangoburwa edition inobata nekukunda kwetsika yekuparara-uye-kupisa sequel muIraq.]
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