Kwakabva: Mumazuva Ano
Mufananidzo naHezrik Ismail/Shutterstock
Dambudziko rekoronavirus muSouth Africa rave kure nekupera kunyangwe nhamba dzekesi dziri kudzikira mumavhiki apfuura. Hutachiona hwataura kupfuurisa 50,000 upenyu, uye nyanzvi dzoutano dzakawanda dzinofanotaura fungu rechitatu rinoparadza. Kuomesa zvinhu ndeye coronavirus shanduko itsva inozivikanwa se n501, izvo zvinotyisidzira kumusoro Zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvirwere zveSouth Africa.
Kudyidzana kusati kwamboitika kwesainzi kwakakurumidzisa kuvandudzwa kwevachatsvaga vaccine, asi patents inodzivirira mitsetse yemakambani emishonga yakakanganisa kuedza kugadzira vaccine pamwero. Zvichakadaro, United States neWestern Europe vane akaunganidza zvinhu zvishoma kuburikidza nenhaurirano mbiri neBig Pharma. Nyika dziri kusimukira muGlobal South dzasiiwa kumashure.
Mukana wejekiseni pakati penyika dzakapfuma nedzine urombo unowedzera kusimba zuva nezuva. Maererano ne Global Justice Iye zvino, mushandirapamwe wepasi rose muUnited Kingdom unotarisa kururamisira nebudiriro muGlobal South, 10 nyika dzinenge dzinenge 75% yeCovid-19 majekiseni anoitwa pasi rose. Around 130 nyika - kuverenga nezve 2.5 mabhiriyoni evanhu - havasati vazopa imwe chete dose. Kushomeka uku kunoumba imwe dambudziko repasi rose, zvichiita kuti hutachiona huvepo shanduka uye zvinokwanisa kukura zvakanyanya kutapuriranwa uye kusaita vaccine.
SaAnna Marriott, maneja wezvehutano musangano reOxfam rinorwisa hurombo, vakakavadzana mwedzi uno:
Nyika iri munhangemutange yekusvika kudzivirirwa kwemombe kuti chirwere ichi chigadziriswe, kuponesa mamirioni ehupenyu uye kuita kuti hupfumi hwedu huenderere mberi. Uyu mujaho watinofanira kuhwina shanduko itsva dzisati dzaita kuti mishonga yedu yekudzivirira iripo isashande. Zvakadaro kutsvaga purofiti uye monopolies zvinoreva kuti tiri kurasikirwa nenhangemutange iyoyoโฆ . Isu tinofanirwa kukurumidza kusimudza chidzitiro chekuvanzika kwekambani uye panzvimbo pezvo tive nemishonga yekudzivirira yakavhurika, yakawanda inogadzirwa nevatambi vejekiseni vakawanda sezvinobvira, kusanganisira zvakanyanya avo vari munyika dzichiri kusimukira.
South Africa Yave Kuno Kare
In 2001, veTreatment Action Campaign neCongress of South African Trade Unions vakakurudzira kuratidzira pasi rose vachipikisa makambani anogadzira mishonga; madhiragi patent aimisa hurumende yeSouth Africa kuunza kunze kwenyika mishonga yeHIV inodhura yakaderera. Kunyange zvazvo matare edzimhosva akatsigira kutengwa kwemishonga yakachipa, mazana ezviuru zvevagari vomuSouth Africa vakafa nezvirwere zvine chokuita neAIDS. Chirevo cheMedical Research Council chakawana kuti, mugore 2000, 40% yekufa kwevanhu zera 15โ-โ49 muSouth Africa dzakanga dzine chokuita neHIV.
Varatidziri muSouth Africa vakaronga kwemakore vachipokana nekuita purofiti yemishonga pamwe nehurumende yavo yekuramba HIV, vachiunza mutemo mutsva wemuno nepasirese wekubvumira kuunzwa kwakawanda kwemishonga yemaAntiretroviral.
Zvino, nehuwandu hwe yakasimbiswa Covid-19 Muzviitiko muSouth Africa pedyo 1.5 miriyoni, mamwe eaya ma network uye masangano ari kurwira kuwana mishonga yekoronavirus. Kukakavadzana kwavo kunoramba kwakafanana nekwavaive vari 2001: kukwira kwemitengo, kunotevedzwa pasi rose zvinhu zvine chekuita nekutengeserana kwekodzero dzepfuma (inozivikanwa seTRIPS), kutsigirwa kwemakambani emishonga ne nyika dzakapfuma, uye hurongwa husina kusimba hwehutano hweveruzhinji husina hutongi hwejekerere uye kuzvidavirira.
Fatima Hassan murwiri wezvemagariro evanhu muSouth Africa. Akashanda segweta rekodzero dzevanhu mu 1990s, kumatare ehurumende nemakambani anogadzira mishonga akamirira vanhu vane HIV/AIDS. Muna Chikunguru 2020, sezvo nhoroondo yakatanga kuzvidzokorora, Hassan akatanga Health Justice Initiative kugadzirisa kusaenzana muhutano nekuwana mishonga.
"Yave kutamba zvakare,โ anodaro MuNguva idzi. โ"Vazhinji vedu vaive mukufambiswa kwemishonga panguva iyoyo tiri kuyedza kuita kuti vanhu vanzwisise zviri mungozi uye kuipa kwemamiriro ezvinhu. "
Hassan anoenderera mberi achiti:
Usambofa wakavimba nekubatsira kwemakambani ezvinodhaka. Saka kuti"hapana purofiti rubatso" naAstraZeneca, takati:"Bvunzurudza izvozvo. Tarisa pane zvibvumirano zve sublicensing. Ita shuwa kuti pane data pachena." Isu takati:"Iwe uchave nekusiyana kwemitengo, iwe unoenda chikamu misikaโฆ . Ivo havasi kuzopindura kune izvi kubva kune yeruzhinji hutano [kana] epidemiological maonero. Majekiseni achaenda kuvanhu vakapfuma. Vachaedza majekiseni munyika medu asi vofunga kuti vachauya munyika medu here kana kuti kweteโฆ. โ Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika neHIV/AIDS.
Mugwagwa Unoenda Kunjodzi Yepasi Pose
In imwe tsamba yakashama kuvakuru vezvehutano pasi rose - kusanganisira Dr. Anthony Fauci, director weUS National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases uye chipangamazano mukuru wezvekurapa kuMutungamiri Joe Biden - Archbishop Thabo Makgoba weCape Town nePeople's Vaccine Campaign yeSouth Africa vanoyambira kuti"tiri munzira kuenda kunjodzi yenyika yose.โ
Tsamba yacho inoti:
[Iyo] kushomeka kwakanyanya kwemishonga yekudzivirira hakukonzeri nekupikiswa kwetekinoroji mukuwedzera kugadzirwa, asi danho rinoita semaune rekusatendera kugadzirwa kukwira kune izvo denda repasi rose rinodaโฆ . Uye kunyangwe isu tichibvuma kuti kune kushomeka kwekugadzira, iko zvino, pasirese, musanganiswa wekudyara mukuyeresa kugona kukwira ... uye kuedza kwakabatana kufambisa tekinoroji kufambiswa kunogona kubatsira nekukurumidza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
Nharaunda yeSouthern Africa yakakura iri kurwisana netsva uye dambudziko rinopararira zve coronavirus. Vashandi vehutano, mishumo Mรฉdecins Sans Frontiรจres (MSF)"pari zvino vari kunetseka kurapa nhamba dziri kuwedzera dzevarwere vane tarisiro shomanana yokuwana jekiseni rokuzvidzivirira kana kuti vamwe kuutachiona.โ Sekureva kwaChristine Jamet, director weMSF wemabasa,"Kunyange nyika zhinji dzakapfuma dzakatanga kubaya vashandi vadzo vehutano nemamwe mapoka mwedzi miviri yadarika, nyika dzakaita seEswatini, Malawi, neMozambique - idzo dziri kunetsekana kupindura denda iri - hadzisati dzawana kana dosi rimwe chete rekudzivirira kudzivirira zvakanyanya pa- vanhu vane njodzi, kusanganisira vashandi vehutano vepamberi. โ
Asi hapana nyika mukondinendi yeAfrica yakarohwa zvakanyanya nedenda kupfuura South Africa. Hupfumi hweSouth Africa hwakadaro yakagadzikana kupfuura yeMalawi kana Mozambique, iyo inobvumira South Africa kutenga mishonga yekudzivirira kubva kumakambani anogadzira mishonga. Asi yaita izvi muhurongwa hwemusika hunodhura mishonga iyi zvakanyanya.
Hutano hweSouth Africa hwehutano hwakasimbawo kupfuura dunhu rose, asi vanachiremba, vanamukoti, nevamwe vashandi vanochengeta vakasundwa kusvika pakuparara. Sasha Stevenson ndiye musoro wehutano pa chidimbu27. Anoudza Munguva idzi:
Hutano hwedu hwave kutowedzera huremu hweCovid, nekuti yaive ichidzika pasi pehuremu hweHIV uye [tibhii] zvisati zvaitika. Uye ikozvino tave nenhamba dzeTB dziri pamusoro, nekuti hatigone kuchengetedza ese ezvirongwa izvi kamwechete. Uye tiri kukumbirwa kuti tibhadhare mazakwatira emari pamishonga yekudzivirira inodiwa kutichengetedza isu nepasirese.
Tine hutano system [yanga] ichinetseka kwenguva yakareba. Saka pfungwa yekuburitswa inoda kuti munhu wese ari munyika anyorese padhatabhesi remagetsi, uyezve anogona kudzoka kuzopfura kaviri apo dzimwe nguva makiriniki ari kure nevanhu, uye isu tinonetseka kuti titore maamburenzi kumaruwa muhupenyu-kana- kufa kwekukurumidza, kunotyisa zvikuru.
Murongi wedunhu advocacy weMSF, Claire Waterhouse, anotsanangurira Mune Zuva,"vashandi vezvehutano vaneta. Paingove nekushomeka kwesimba revanhu rekubata neyechipiri wave payakasvika. Vazhinji vavo vanga vachirwara panguva yekutanga. "
MSF iri kushanda kuendesa nharembozha dzevanachiremba nevakoti kunzvimbo dzinopisa dzekoronavirus kuona kuti vanorwara vawana rubatsiro rwavanoda. Asi nevashandi vehutano vepamberi - kubva kuvarapi kuenda kune vatyairi vema ambulensi kusvika kune vanochenesa makiriniki - vakanyimwa kuwana vaccine, basa iri ratonyanya kuoma.
"Zvakaoma pano pari zvino kuona nyika dzakabudirira dzichikwanisa kubudisa mishonga iyi uye vanhu vachibaiwa isu tisati takwanisa kuisa tsono imwe muruoko,โ Waterhouse anodaro. ."Uye zvinoshungurudza uye zvinorwadza moyo kune vashandi vedu vehutano, avo [vanongoda] dziviriro. Tinovimba chaizvo kuti kana mishonga yekudzivirira yapera, zvichavapa chivimbo, izvo zvinozovabatsira kubata izvo zviri pachena zvisingadzivisike wave wechitatu. "
Hassan anoisa zvinhu zvakanyanya kujeka:"Vanhu vese vari kutishungurudza."
Pharma muChigaro cheMutyairi
"Tsvagiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwejekiseni iri rakapihwa mari pachena uye rakaitwa kuOxford University, "Global Justice Now anodaro mukutaura:"Mushonga uyu unofanirwa kunge wakanakira veruzhinji pasi rose - wakapihwa rezinesi pachena kuti ubvumire vagadziri vazhinji kuti vaugadzire. "
Asi zvibvumirano (kazhinji zvakavanzika) pakati pemakambani emishonga uye imwe nyika inobvumira Big Pharma kuisa mitengo yakasiyana yemisika yakasiyana. AstraZeneca, kunyangwe ichiti"hapana-purofitiโ chitsidzo panguva yedenda, iri kuchaja South Africa $5.25 pamushonga uye Uganda $7 pamushonga. European Union, zvakasiyana, yakabhadhara chete madhora2.16 pamushonga.
Zvichakadaro, South Africa yakawana mushonga wekutanga wekudzivirira 1 miriyoni AstraZeneca inopfura Kukadzi 1, uye inogona kunge yatononoka kuishandisa, pakati pekunetsekana nejekiseni haishande pakurwisa itsva n501 musiyano wehutachiona.
Nekuburitswa kweAstraZeneca kwakamira, South Africa iri kutendeukira kuna Johnson & Johnson, iyo yakasaina an chibvumirano nekambani yeAspen Pharmacare yekuSouth Africa muna Mbudzi 2020 kugadzira kusvika 300 mamiriyoni emadhora. Iwo madosi, zvisinei - kunyangwe ari kugadzirwa muSouth Africa - anozotengeswa kunze kwenyika sechikamu chaJohnson & Johnson's global inventory.
Pakutanga, South Africa yaisazogamuchira chero yaJohnson & Johnson vaccine, asi Johnson & Johnson parizvino akabvuma kuchengetedza 9 mamiriyoni emadhora enyika. Chibvumirano ichi chinogona kusanganisira chibvumirano neSouth Africa chekumhanyisa kubvumidzwa kwemitemo pamwe ne hapana-mhosva muripo chirongwa icho South Africa, kwete kambani yemishonga, inotora mutoro wekukuvadza chero kwakabatana nejekiseni.
South Africa yanga iri iyo nzvimbo yemakiriniki miedzo kune vakawanda vaccine vaccine, kusanganisira AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson naNovavax, vachigovana data rayo nenharaunda dzepasirese. Zvisinei nekubatana uku, Hassan anoti makambani emishonga"vari pachigaro chemutyairiโ kana zvasvika pakutaura zviga zvekutengeswa kwejekiseni uye kudyidzana kupi zvako nevagadziri vemishonga veko kuti vawedzere kugadzirwa.
Hupenyu Hwako kana Patents Dzavo
Kwemakore, masangano evagari vemuSouth Africa anga achimanikidza kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekuSouth Africa patent kushandisa kuchengetedzwa kwemutemo kunowanikwa kuburikidza neTRIPS. Waterhouse inotsanangura:
Intellectual property ne patents haisi nyaya itsva muSouth Africa. Hatidi kudzokorora nyaya dzakafanana dzataive nadzo ne[mushonga wemushonga weHIV] uye zvatiri kuona pari zvino nedenda. Zvinoshungurudza kuti tichiri kurwisa kurwa uku, uye nenyaya yekuti kuwanikwa kwemushonga hakuna kushanduka kupfuura vanogona kuutenga. Nekuti ndizvo chaizvo zvazvinoita. Ndiyo mutsara wekare wepurofiti pamusoro pevanhu, purofiti pamusoro pevarwere.
Nepo varwiri vachironga munharaunda kuti vavandudze mitemo yemvumo yeSouth Africa, hurumende dzenyika dzakapfuma dzinogona kuisa hutano hwepasi rose pamusoro pepurofiti yemakambani anogadzira mishonga. Sezvakataurwa naStevenson,"Hurumende dzine masimba pamusoro pemakambani emishonga aasingawanzoshandisa. Uye zvino ndiyo nguva yekushandisa simba iroro. Ino ndiyo nguva yekurega kuonekwa kumakambani emishonga, kunyanya kupihwa huwandu hwakakura hwemari yeruzhinji. "
Kuona kuti purofiti haisi pamberi pehutano hweveruzhinji, varatidziri vari kuronga pane akati wandei, vachisundira shanduko yenzvimbo inotsigira mafoni ekuregererwa kweTRIPS kuWorld Trade Organisation (WTO). South Africa neIndia vakurudzira kumisa patent uye zvimwe zvirango zvehungwaru (IP) zvine chekuita neCovid-19 mishonga uye majekiseni panguva yedenda. Pasi rose, matanho aya anogona kuve akakosha kune vagadziri vemishonga yegeneric kuti vawedzere kugadzirwa kwejekiseni.
Boka diki renyika dzakapfuma - dzinosanganisira EU, United Kingdom, United States, Japan, Canada neAustralia - rakavhara chikumbiro chekuregera kusvika pari zvino, ichiti kudzikisira patent kungakanganisa hunyanzvi hwemangwana. tsvakurudzo nePublic Citizen, zvisinei, inoratidza mazhinji ekutungamira Covid-19 vaccine vari "kushandisa spike protein tekinoroji yakagadziriswa nehurumende yeUS" kuburikidza nerubatsiro kubva kuNational Institutes of Health (NIH).
Chokwadi, hunyanzvi hwekurapa huzhinji hwekudyidzana kunobhadharwa nemutero pakati pehurumende neakazvimirira zvikamu, nemakambani emishonga anowanzo kushandisa. 20% kana mashoma emari yavo pakutsvaga nekusimudzira.
"Zvinofadza chaizvo nzira iyo masayendisiti anga achitaura kwegore rapfuura pamusoro pekuti zvanga zvichishamisa sei kushandira pamwe mukusimudzira uye kugovana ruzivo uye kufamba nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, "Stevenson anonongedza. ."Iyo nguva yasvika pakugadzirwa, uye kune mabhiriyoni emadhora mupurofiti inofanira kuitwa, hapana kamwe kamwe kubatana kwakadaroโฆ. Asi, makambani ekugadzira aya ari kupeta zvigunwe zvavo. "
Sezvo tsamba yakavhurika kuna Fauci ichijekesa, vamiriri vezvehutano vari kudaidzirawo kuUnited States neUnited Kingdom kuti vamanikidze vemishonga kuti vagovane tekinoroji yavo uye ruzivo, kuzvipira kumitengo yakaderera uye kutyora yakavhurika kugadzirwa kwekugadzira kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwejekiseni. . Nekuti United States imuridzi-wemuridzi wejekiseni rakagadzirwa neModerna neNIH, ine kodzero dzakakosha dzemutemo kuita izvo zvinoda. Iyo Biden manejimendi inogona zvakare kushandisa Defence Production Act kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwekudzivirira.
Varatidziri muUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzakapfuma vanogona kubatsira kumanikidza hurumende kuti dzitsigire kugadzirwa kwejekiseni rakawanda uye kugovera. Nepo Biden akadzora maitiro ehutongi hwapfuura nekuitazve neWorld Health Organisation neCovid-.19 Vaccines Global Access initiative (inozivikanwa seCovax, yekuzvidira, kana hazvina kukwana, chirongwa chekutengera nyika dzichiri kusimukira mishonga yekudzivirira), haasati atsigira chikumbiro chekuregererwa kubva kuSouth Africa neIndia, uye haana kuvimbisa kushandisa simba rehurumende yeUS neModerna kugovera sainzi nehunyanzvi hwayo.
Senyaya yekubatana kwepasi rose, United States ine basa rekutsigira kugadzirwa kwakaenzana uye kugovera kwekudzivirira. Asi sezvo utachiona huchichinja nenzira dzinotyisa, zviriwo mukuzvinakira kwedu.
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