Musvondo rekutanga raNdira, musangano wakaitwa muIslamabad pakati peMutungamiriri weIndia Vajpayee neMusharraf wePakistan. Musangano uyu, musangano wakautangira, uye nhaurirano dziri kutarisirwa kutevera, dzakarumbidzwa se "budiriro" muIndia - hukama hwePakistan, netarisiro inokura yerunyararo pakati penyika mbiri idzi uye mudunhu rine gakava reKashmir.
Zia Mian inyanzvi uye muratidziri wezvekuSouth Asia uye nyaya dzekubvisa zvombo paCentre for Science uye Global Security paPrinceton University muNew Jersey uye anodzidzisa imomo muWoodrow Wilson Chikoro chePublic and International Affairs. Mubvunzurudzo gore rapfuura (1), Zia Mian akakurukura nezvesarudzo dzePakistan dzaGumiguru 2003 dzenyika iyoyo nekuSouth Asia. Akabvunzurudzwa vhiki mushure memusangano pamusoro petarisiro yerunyararo pakati peIndia nePakistan, nhoroondo yezvakaitika, uye zvinorehwa nePakistan pachayo.
Podur: Inyaya yekuti pakava ne "budiriro" muhukama hweIndia nePakistan kutanga kwaNdira 2004?
Mian: Kufukidzwa muSouth Asia nepasirese kungapa zano rakawanda, asi ichokwadi chete kana ukazvitarisa munguva yakamanikana. Chirikukanganwa munhaurirano ndechekuti iyi nhanho yekufambira mberi - zvirokwazvo yakatopfuura iyi - yakasvikwa muhurukuro mumakore mashoma apfuura. Iko kusimba pakati peIndia nePakistan kwave kuri kwedambudziko, kukakavara, uye kutaurirana. Iyi yanga iri nyaya yemakore gumi kana kupfuura apfuura.
Sei makore 10?
Ndingapokana kuti izvo zvakakosha zvezvimiro zviri pasi pechikamu chechangobva kuitika chehukama hweIndia-Pakistan chaivepo nekutanga kwegumi nemapfumbamwe-makumi mapfumbamwe. Uye chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chave chiri chekuchinja. Makore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu apfuura anga akaita sedutu rezvematongerwo enyika nerehupfumi uye remagariro kune sub-continent.
Pane zvakawanda zvachinja. Yekutanga seti yaive kubviswa kweUSSR kubva kuAfghanistan, kupera kwehondo inotonhora, uye kuparara kweUSSR. Izvi zvakava nemigumisiro yakawanda. United States yakarasa kufarira Pakistan sechombo chekushandisa kurwisa USSR. Mushure memakore gumi ekufuratira chirongwa chePakistan chezvombo zvenyukireya, Mutungamiriri achisaina chibvumirano chegore negore chekusiya mutemo wekusapararira uye kubvumidza kuyerera kwemauto nerubatsiro rwehupfumi kuPakistan, United States yakatemera zvirango kuPakistan. Pakistan yakanga yatovaka bhomba rayo panguva iyoyo, asi zvirango zveUS zvaive nemhedzisiro yezvematongerwo enyika nezvehupfumi nekuchengetedza. Zvichakadaro, India yakarasikirwa nemudiwa wayo, USSR, uye musuwo wakavhurwa kune mibatanidzwa mitsva.
Chechipiri, 1990-1 yakatenderedza nguva iyo kumukira kweKashmir kwakava nechisimba. Pakave nesarudzo muna 1987 muIndia Kashmir idzo dzakabirwa zvakanyanya uye zviri pachena, nebato rinotonga muKashmir nekubatana nehurumende muDelhi. Izvi zvakakonzera kuratidzira kukuru kwakaitwa neKashmiris, nemazana ezviuru zvevanhu vaidirana mumigwagwa vachiratidzira, murunyararo, uku kutyorwa kwekodzero dzavo dzegutsaruzhinji. Yakanga iri yekutanga kufamba kwakadaro kubva Kashmir yakava chikamu cheIndia. Mauto ekuchengetedza eIndia akarova zvine hutsinye. Uye, pakupedzisira, sezvo kuratidzira kune rugare kwakasangana nekushandiswa kwechisimba chinouraya, kusungwa kusina kukodzera uye kuiswa mujeri, uye kutambudzwa, sangano rakava nechisimba.
Uye chechitatu, une shanduko yemumba muPakistan neIndia. Nekufa kwaGeneral Zia muna 1988, hutongi hwejekerere hwakadzorerwa muPakistan. Zvakanga zvakaganhurwa nekuti uto harina kupera simba, rakangopinda mumashure. Inogona kugadzira kana kuputsa kana hurumende sezvayakasarudza, uye yakaramba yakabata nzvimbo huru dzemitemo. Vezvematongerwo enyika vakakurumidza kuona kuti kunyange zvazvo vaiva nezvinzvimbo, vaiva nesimba shoma chairo. Vakarega kuedza kutonga uye vakatarisa pakuwana uye kuchengeta ropafadzo nemikana yehuori yakaunzwa nehofisi.
MuIndia, kwaive nekusundidzira kukuru kumanikidza kuvhura hupfumi hweIndia uye nzanga kune yepasirese system yekugadzira nekushandisa. Varombo veIndia vakatambura, asi mwero wekukura kweupfumi hwenyika wakawedzera uye vepakati nevapfumi vakatanga kuita zvakanaka kwazvo. Chiitiko chechipiri chakanga chiri kumuka kwebato rezvamatongerwe enyika rechiHindu, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), namapoka aro arindiri. Ivo vakabva pakuva mudiki kuenda kuuto renyika rakawedzera kukosha, kunyanya mushure mekuparadzwa kwa1992 nevarwi vechiHindu vemuzana ramakore rechi 16 reBabri mosque muguta reAyodhya. chekupedzisira, semuPakistan, makore gumi apfuura yanga iri nguva yekusagadzikana kukuru kwezvematongerwo enyika- vatungamiri vanga vakawanda uye vakasiyana.
Izvi zvese zvakarevei kufambira mberi paKashmir?
Hurukuro dzekutanga pamusoro peKashmir mukati meiyi mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika, geo-zvematongerwo enyika, shanduko yehupfumi uye yemagariro aive mu1993. Mutungamiriri weIndia Rao akapa hurukuro nePakistan nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Kutanga, nekuti chikamu chekutanga chekupandukira kweKashmir chaive chapera. Chikamu chekuunganidza vanhu vakawanda, mukutanga kwema1990, nekuratidzira kukuru vachipokana neIndia muSrinagar muIndia Kashmir, yakapwanywa nekudzvinyirirwa kukuru neIndia. Iyo Jammu-Kashmir Liberation Front, sangano renyika renyika, rakanga ratora zvombo, rakarova chaizvo uye rakamanikidzwa kupa unilateral kugumisa kurwa. Chechipiri, nekuti Pakistan yaibvunda. Yakanga iine hurumende nhatu dzakasiyana muna 1993. Ndiyo nguva iyo vanhu vakanga vava kutanga kutaura pamusoro pePakistan se'nyika yakakundikana'. Saka India yaive ichitsvaga kudzvanya mukana wayo. Mutungamiri Rao akapa kuzvitonga kuKashmir, asi hurongwa uhu hwakamira, kunyanya nekuti hutungamiriri hwePakistan hwaive husina kurongeka zvekuti hwakatadza kugadzirisa zvayaida kana chinzvimbo chayo, uye nekuti Pakistan yakanga yatanga kutsigira mauto echiIslam muKashmir uye yaive netariro. kuti chimwe chinhu chinogona kubva ipapo. Zano iri raive ravakadzidza kubva kuUS kuAfghanistan kuma1980 uye vakariona richibudirira kukunda Soviet Union.
Zvakatora mamwe makore matatu tisati tadzokera kune mukana wehurukuro. Panguva ino akanga ari Prime Minister Gowda weIndia muna 1996. Asi muitiro wacho wakaderedzwa, nokusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika muIndia. Mutsivi wake, Mutungamiriri Gujral akaita kumwe kuedza. Gujral akasangana neMutungamiriri wePakistan, Nawaz Sharif pamusangano weSouth Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) muna 1997 - nenzira imwechete iyo Vajpayee naMusharraf vakasangana gore rino. Gujral akanga azivisa dzidziso, kuti India, sesimba guru muSouth Asia, inofanira kuita unilateral chibvumirano kune vavakidzani vayo. Gujral naSharif vakabvumirana pane 8-point agenda yehurukuro: rugare nekuchengeteka; Kashmir; Siachen Glacier (uko India nePakistan dzanga dzichirwa kubva muna 1984 - mune hondo isina maturo zvachose, ine vanhu vakawanda vakaurayiwa nechando uye hurwere hwemakomo kupfuura muhondo); dzimwe nharo diki dzakasiyana-siyana dzenzvimbo; ugandanga; kudyidzana kwehupfumi; uye nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuvaka chivimbo dzine chekuita nemavhiza uye kufamba pakati penyika mbiri idzi. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti hurukuro dzakarongwa pakati peIndia nePakistan dzakabvumwa naVajpayee naMusharraf dzine hurongwa humwe chete.
Hurukuro idzi dzakarongwa kuti dzive nemapoka anoshanda anoenderana. Izvi zvakaita kuti India aende kumba achiti: โOnai, tine Pakistan iri kutaura nezvenyaya idzi dzakasiyana, uye zvakare, tiri kutaura navo nezveKashmir.โ Pakistan inogona kuti: "Tarisa, tine India inotaura nezveKashmir, uye zvakare, tiri kutaura navo nezvese nyaya dzakasiyana." Izvi ndizvo zvakanakira mativi ese ekuita hurukuro pasuru. Dambudziko nderekuti kusawirirana munzvimbo imwe chete kunogona kuita kuti hurongwa hwese humire.
Maitiro aya akabatikana muna 1997 apo Pakistan yakaedza kuwedzera simba rayo patafura nekuwedzera rutsigiro kumapoka eJihadi. Hurumende yaGujral yakadonha, zvichiunza BJP kutonga. BJP yakaenderera mberi nekuedza kwenyukireya muna 1998. Pakistani yakatevera nekukasika nezviyedzo zvayo.
Kuedza kwenyukireya kwakaunza simba razvo. Vese India nePakistan vakafunga kuti vaigona kutaurira mumwe zvino kuti vaive nezvombo zvenyukireya. Saka, rimwe dambudziko rakatevera rimwe, mativi ose ari maviri achityisidzira kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Pese apo zvinhu zvaiita sezvingango buda mumaoko, paitoyedzwa nhaurirano. Paive nehurukuro muna 1999, paLahore Summit pakati peNawaz Sharif naVajpayee, nezve matanho eimwe rudzi rwekuzvidzora kwakagovaniswa munhangemutange yavo yemaoko. Asi kunyangwe matanho madiki aya akamiswa pakatanga Pakistan hondo yeKargil. Izvi zvakateverwa nechisimba cheMusharraf. Mushure mekutanga hondo yeKargil, uye nekumanikidzwa kubvisa mauto ePakistani nevarwi vechiIslam vaakatumira kuKashmir, akazopedza gore rakatevera muAgra, achiedza kutaura neIndia. Asi kwaive kuputika.
Makore akatevera 1998 anogona kurangarirwa senzira refu yekutsauka. Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti zvombo zvenyukireya hazvina kutaurwa zvachose mumusangano wekupedzisira we2004.
9/11 yakakanganisa sei mamiriro ezvinhu aya?
Mushure me9/11, US yakapindira zvakanyanya mudunhu - asi zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti izvi zvanga zvichitanga kuitika izvi zvisati zvaitika. Muna Kurume 2000, Mutungamiri Bill Clinton vakashanyira India. India neUnited States dzakasaina "chiratidzo chechiratidzo", icho chaifanirwa kunge chiri "mvura" muhukama hweUS-India. Imwe pfungwa yaizivikanwa yaive kubuda kwehukama hwemauto. Chirevo chechiratidzo chakataura kuti India neUS vane "chido chakafanana uye chinoenderana nebasa rekuona kuchengetedzwa kwedunhu nepasirese" uye kuti "vaizogara vachibvunzana nezve, uye kushanda pamwe chete, kugadzikana kweAsia nekumwe."
Clinton akashanyira Pakistan parwendo rumwe cheterwo. Akataura zvakasimba kuPakistan pamusoro pekudiwa kwekugadzirisa imba yayo, kukurudzira demokrasi, kurega kutsigira hugandanga, kukurudzira kusapararira, nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Kuchinja kwezvido zveUS kwakatumirwa neteregirafu pamberi pa9/11. Kurwiswa uku kwakapa US kukurumidza kuita chimwe chinhu pamusoro pavo. Isu takaona kupindirwa kweAfghanistan uye kumanikidza kweUS kuPakistan kuenda pamwe nekudzingwa kweTaliban, Pakistan yakamanikidzwa kudzoreredza kutsigira kwayo mauto echiIslam muKashmir, uye nguva pfupi yadarika kwave nekuputika kwePakistan. kuwanda kweruzivo rwenyukireya uye zvikamu. IUS yanga isinganyanyi kunetseka nezve democracy.
Saka mushure mekufamba kwenguva refu uku, mamiriro ezvinhu adzokera pazvaive mukutanga kwema1990?
Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana. Pakave nesarudzo muKashmir nguva pfupi yadarika, ine vanhu vakawanda, uye hurumende itsva muIndia Kashmir ine pamutemo. Izvi zvakabatsira kupatsanura hupanduki ipapo, pakati peiyo diehard pro-Pakistan zvinhu nevaya vanofarira nhaurirano. Chikamu chehupanduki chakagadziriswa, chikamu chayo chakanyura, uye vakaomarara vakasarurwa. Saka, semuna 1993, India inonzwa yakasimba. Asi ikozvino, Pakistan ine zvishoma munzira yekumanikidza pasi kuti isundire hurongwa hwayo - uye chero zvakadaro, kune kumanikidza kukuru kubva kuUS kuti Pakistan imise zvakadaro.
Chii chiri kuitika muIndia uye muPakistan kukanganisa mamiriro ezvinhu?
Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha. Pakistan iri kudzidza chidzidzo chakaoma. Bhomba harigoni kuponesa nzanga nenyika kubva pakuparara. Rangarira kuti USSR haina kudonha nekuti zvombo zvayo zvenyukireya zvese zvakashanduka kuita green cheese husiku. Iko kune kudzikama kwesimba remagariro, ezvematongerwo enyika, ehupfumi, uye echiuto anoenda zvakanyanya kupfuura mangani manukes ane nyika, chiri chinhu chakawanikwa neUSSR. Pakistan iri kuwana izvi zvakare. Zvombo zvayo zvenyukireya hazvina kuenzana simba rayo nereIndia neimwe nzira.
Hupfumi hweIndia hwakakura zvakanyanya mukati memakore gumi ema1990. Vanhu vaiwanzotaura vachizvidza nezve 'mwero wechiHindu wekukura' waifanirwa kunge uri pakati pe2-3%. Asi mumakore mashoma apfuura, kukura kwehupfumi kwave kuri pamusoro pe6% pagore. KuIndia, izvi hazvisati zvamboitika, uye nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kupfuura Pakistan. Zvichakadaro kukura kwePakistan kwakadzikira pane avhareji yenhoroondo, uye urombo hwakada kupeta kaviri mumakore ekuma1990, kubva pa18% kuenda pa38%. Kekutanga, India ikozvino yave nemari yepamusoro pamunhu.
Pakistan yanga yagara yakanangana nekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye yakavhurika kune vekunze kudyara kupfuura India. Asi 'kusununguka' kweIndia kwatanga kuchinja izvozvo. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) muIndia yakawedzera zvakanyanya. Muna 1990, FDI yaive inosvika zana remamiriyoni emadhora. Muna 100, yakanga iri mabhiriyoni manomwe emadhora, uye 2003/7 yeiyi yakabva kuUnited States. Zvichakadaro rubatsiro rwepasi rose rwunoyerera kuenda kuIndia rwudiki, nepo rwaive bhiriyoni remadhora gore rapfuura kuPakistan. Saka kutaura zvisina tsarukano, India iri kuita mari kuUS, uye Pakistan iri kuita mari.
Izvi zvinopa nyika yeIndia zvimwe zviwanikwa, izvo zvayakasarudza kushandisa zvakanyanya pamauto ayo. Kwemakore 4-5 apfuura, India yanga ichiwedzera bhajeti rayo remauto neinopfuura 10% pagore. Kuwedzera kweIndia mukushandiswa kwechiuto gore rapfuura kwakaenzana nebhajeti rose rePakistan. India yakasainawo chibvumirano chekushandira pamwe nemauto neUS muna 1995, kusanganisira kudzidziswa nekutsvaga nekusimudzira. IUS neIsrael dzave vatengesi vakuru vezvombo kuIndia.
Tichifunga kuti Pakistan inotungamirwa nemauto, rudzi urwu rwechinhu chakakosha kwavari, zvakanyanya. Pakistan haigone kuenderera mberi. Zvakare, Pakistan yakagara ichitsamira pakupihwa kwezvombo kubva kuUS, sezvo India yaivimba neUSSR. Asi zvirongwa zvekubatsira mauto eUS kuPakistan zvaoma, uye Pakistan haina mukana wezvombo zvepamusoro-soro: zvombo zveChinese zvavanogamuchira hazvienzaniswi.
Kupidigura hurumende kwaMusharraf kwaive mhinduro yemauto kudambudziko rehupfumi nenyika. Mauto anoda hupfumi nenyika kuti azvichengetedze, kuti aivimbise zviwanikwa zvaanoda kutarisana nevavakidzani vayo uye kupembedza kuvepo kwayo. Inozviona ichidzokera kumashure, uye saka inoona kukosha kwekutenga nguva, uye rugare, saka inogona kuvaka zviwanikwa zvayo zvekutarisana neIndia ndicho chikonzero chayo chiripo.
Pave nekuedza kwakati wandei pahupenyu hwaMusharraf mumwedzi mishoma yapfuura. Izvi zvine chekuita here nekuyedza kudyidzana neIndia?
Handifunge kudaro. Musharraf haasiye mutungamiri wekutanga wePakistan ane hupenyu hwakatyisidzirwa. Mutungamiri wekutanga wePakistan akaurayiwa. Akapfurwa pamusangano wavose muna 1951. Mudzvinyiriri wokupedzisira, Mukuru Zia-ul-Haq, akapeperetswa mudenga, uye hapana achiri kuziva kuti ndiani ane mhosva. Mutungamiriri Nawaz Sharif akatarisana nekuedza kwakawanda kwehupenyu hwake. Vatungamiri veIndia havanawo rombo rakanaka. Mahatma Gandhi akaurayiwa. Mutungamiri Indira Gandhi nemwanakomana wake (uye Prime Minister) Rajiv Gandhi vakaurayiwa. Nyika dzeSouth Asia hadzina tsitsi kuvatungamiriri vadzo.
Chii chinotsanangura kuedza kwehupenyu hwaMusharraf?
Mhinduro pfupi ndeye zvematongerwo enyika zvechisimba. Hurumende dzePakistan dzakatevedzana kweanopfuura makumi maviri emakore dzakavimba nekugadzira nekutsigira varwi vakapakatira zvematongerwo enyika. Aya mapoka ane zvombo akatanga amiswa kuti arwe muAfghanistan, uyezve muKashmir. Izvi zvakanyanya nekuda kwebasa remauto. Rangarira kumira mauto ehunyanzvi ndiko kusimudzira mhirizhonga. Vanofungawo kuti vanhu, semasoja, vachaita zvavanenge vaudzwa. Asi paunogadzira mapoka ezvematongerwo enyika ane zvombo, pachagara paine vamwe vane pfungwa dzavo uye vanoda kutora matanho avo.
Chikonzero chechipiri izvematongerwo enyika echiIslam chakasimba muPakistan. Kubva kare vakaedza kukurudzira kuti mauto apindire mune zvematongerwo enyika nekuti vanonzwa kuti zvichava nani pasi pechiuto pane kutonga kwevanhu. Vanonzwa saizvozvo kunyanya mushure mechiitiko cheudzvanyiriri hwemauto echiIslam weZia-ul-Haq, uyo wavakaita zvakanaka. Vanoda kuti vadzoke.
Musharraf kwave kuvaodza mwoyo kukuru kwavari. Akasvika pakutonga aine mukurumbira werusununguko. Vanoziva kuti kune vakuru vechiIslam muchiuto. Saka kurwisa Musharraf seakasununguka uye kutengesa-kunze chikamu cheizvozvo. Iko kukokwa kune maIslam ari muchiuto kuti vatore masimba. Kutya vamwe vake vatungamiriri, uye mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika ehupfu-keg muPakistan, Musharraf akanyura muIslamist kakawanda pamusoro penyaya dzemagariro.
Mushure me9/11, maIslamist akagumbuka Musharraf paakasiya maTaliban achibva adzora jihad yeKashmir. Mushure mekupokana kwakawanda, maIslamist vari kutanga kunzwa kuti Musharraf angave akakomba nezvekupwanya maTaliban neAl-Qaeda muPakistan. Vanozviona zvese sekupa kuUS.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti Musharraf uye hutungamiriri hwemauto ePakistan vari pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kuUS. Pane dzimwe nguva vaitofanira kuita chimwe chinhu kuderedza dzvinyiriro iyoyo. Musharraf anga ari ruzhinji rwechisarudzo ichocho.
Muchidimbu, Musharraf akasarudza kumhanya netsuro uye kuvhima nehounds. MaIslamist anotarisira kuti kubvisa Musharraf kuchavhura musuwo kune hutungamiriri hwemauto hunonzwira tsitsi.
Asi mauto ePakistan ane masimba uye, pamazinga epamusoro, akavimbika kuhutungamiriri hwaro. Kuedza kuponda kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuna Musharraf kuti atendese vane mwero mumauto kuti maIslamist haasi kutonga uye anomugonesa kurwisa varwi. Achaedza kuita izvi pasina kutanga kurwisa mapato eIslam muPakistan.
Mapato echiIslam aya akabudirira zvikuru musarudzo dzemuna Gumiguru 2003. Chii chavakaita nesimba ravakunda, mumatunhu akasiyana siyana uye nezvigaro mudare reparamende?
Mubvunzurudzo yedu yekupedzisira ndakafungidzira kuti maIslamist aizogadzirisa dhigirii rekutonga kwevanhu (1). Ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika. MuFrontier Province, muBaluchistan, havana kusundira kwete mitemo chete, asi hupenyu hwemazuva ese nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji munzira yakasimba yechiIslam. Vari kubvumira varwi vavo kusvibisa zvikwangwani zvine mifananidzo yevanhukadzi. Vari kukurudzira kupatsanurwa kwedzidzo. Vari kutora mannequins echikadzi nepamahwindo ezvitoro. Varambidza mimhanzi mumabhazi eruzhinji. Vakadzika mutemo unoisa shariah, mutemo wechiIslam, padanho renzvimbo. Vari kuedza kushandura pfungwa yose ye "zvakakodzera" panzvimbo yemunharaunda.
Asi havasati vaita zvakawanda kupfuura izvozvo, uye vangave vasingakwanisi. Kusvika svondo rapfuura, Musharraf aida maIslam ari kudivi rake kuti apasise zvigadziriso zvakasiyana siyana zvebumbiro kuti zviite pamutemo kupidigura hurumende nehutungamiriri hwake. Aida zvose paramende nemagungano ematunhu. Izvi hazvichisiri izvo, iko zvino zvakagadziriswa zvapfuura. Hazvina kujeka kuti achaita sei, sezvo vasina chekumupa mune zvematongerwo enyika. Achavarwisa here? Kupatsanura mubatanidzwa? Kuvazvidza? Dambudziko rake nderekuti kana akavasiya, ndiani achavatsiva? Akadzvinyirira Bhutto's Pakistan People's Party (PPP) uye Sharif's Pakistan Muslim League (PML): chete maIslamist asara.
Pave nekuita kune kurwiswa kwavo kubva kuvanhu?
Yakasanganiswa. Frontier Province ndiyo dunhu ravakaita zvakanaka musarudzo. Inzvimbo ine urombo uye inochengetedza magariro. Ichiri yedzinza mumagariro ayo. MaIslamist haana kubata izvo zvisiri chingwa uye bota nyaya kune akakosha vanhu. Saka, hapana kumbove nekuchema kwakawanda kweruzhinji neimwe nzira. Apo MMA inorambidza mimhanzi pamabhazi evanhu vose, vatyairi vemabhazi vanogumbuka nokuti vanofanira kutyaira kwemaawa. Asi ndiani mumwe ane hanya? Vatengi havana hanya zvakanyanya nezve mannequins.
Mibvunzo inokosha ndeiyi 1) Izvi zvichabvumirwa kupfuurira kusvika papi? 2) Chii chinoitika kana mitemo yechiIslam ikatanga kukanganisa huwandu hwevanhu nenzira yakakosha? Ndinofunga kuti, nekusavapo kwezvirongwa zvehutongi hwemagariro evanhu, kukura kwehupfumi kana budiriro, kune chikamu chemapato aya, vanhu vachatanga kuita nharo nehurumende dzepurovhinzi dzeIslam.
Sezvo Musharraf aine chikonzero chidiki chekuvimba nemapato echiIslam, vari kuyedza kuratidza kuti 'anonzwisisa' mudiwa. Vanoda kuramba vari mumutambo, uye nekudaro vari kuda kumisa zvikamu zvehurongwa hwavo kuratidza kuti vanobatikana zvine musoro kumauto nehurumende padanho renyika. Zvinokosha zvikuru kuti vakatsigira kuvandudzwa kwebumbiro remutemo raMusharraf izvo zvakaita kuti apidimirwe zviri pamutemo uye kutora kwake chigaro seMutungamiriri wePakistan.
MaIslamist vakaita sei kunhaurirano dzeIndia-Pakistan?
Vamwe vanoti: โTinotsigira Musharrafโ. Hurumende yakatumira mufundisi anotungamira, Maulana Fazlur Rahman weIslamabad, kuIndia, kuti ashanyire nyika nekuvaka rutsigiro rwerunyararo. Asi vamwe, saQazi Hussain Ahmad weJamaat-i-Islami, vane hukasha. Asi ivo vakapatsanurwa pakati pemutsara wavo wakaoma paKashmir neIndia uye hurongwa hwavo hukuru hwekuzvisimbisa semutambi mukuru mune zvematongerwo enyika ePakistan.
Mumwe muenzaniso weizvi wakauya apo Musharraf akataura kuda kwake kusiya referendamu yeUN kuti aone remangwana reKashmir, rimwe remapuranga makuru ePakistan, kana India ichida kusangana naye pakati. MaIslamist haana kuronga chero kuratidzira kukuru kupokana neizvi. Kuregererei? Chimwe chikonzero ndechekuti zvakafambirana nenguva nekuvhota muparamende vachitsigira bumbiro remitemo. VechiIslam vakanga vasarudza kumutsigira, kuitira kuti (vaitarisira) kuti aonekwe kwavari uye vagoonekwa sevane mutoro uye vane hanya nezvido zvemauto. Ivo veIslam vakasarudza kutsigira mauto pane kuronga kuratidzira kwakawanda paKashmir.
Hondo muIraq yakasimbisa Islam yezvematongerwo enyika mumaonero eruzhinji here?
Pane ruvengo kune mutemo weUS. Kune 'anti-Americanism', asi isina kusimba zvekuti kana ukapa mumwe munhu green kadhi vanoiramba. Dambudziko nderekuti US irikuitei. Uye nekuda kwezviri kuitwa neUS, maIslamist vanokwanisa kuwana rutsigiro. Asi havana nzira yakajeka yekumberi, havazivi zvekuita nazvo. Havana hurongwa, hapana nzira yekugadzira kutsamwa. Havana mhinduro dzourombo, kuderera kwoupfumi, kutamburira kwezuva nezuva kwevanhu vakawanda. Vanobatwa. Havana kusimba zvakakwana kuita mutambo wesimba rehurumende, uye mushure mezvose vave vachitsigira Musharraf. Vanoshora US uye votsigira Musharraf paanoti tinofanira kuenda neUS. Saka zvibodzwa zvesangano zvemaIslam zvinopokana nechishuwo chavo chekufambisa pfungwa dzevanhu.
Sezvo yakamanikidzwa kubva mukufurira chero kupi zvako pamusoro peAfghanistan neUS, uye yarasikirwa nebasa rayo mu "kuchengetedzwa" kweUSSR, Pakistan icharamba iripo sei kana ikasiya kunetsana neIndia pamusoro peKashmir? Chii chimwe chiripo?
Tinoda rondedzero yenyika itsva, yekufungidzira zvakare kuti Pakistan chii. Takapotsa tatanga munzira iyi muma1970, apo Pakistan yaive 'nyika yakakundikana', uye yakarasikirwa neruzhinji rwevanhu vayo, sezvo East Pakistan yakava Bangladesh. Nhasi Pakistan ndiyo chikamu chevashoma ndiyo yaimbova Pakistan. Hukuru hwekukundwa muna 1971 hwakanga hwakakura zvekuti mauto akambomira kuisa mumvuri wawo pamusoro penzanga. Zvematongerwo enyika zvemumba zvakatanga kubuda pasina mumvuri wemauto uyu. Mumvuri uyu wakadzoka nehudzvanyiriri hwaZia muna 1977 uye hauna kuzombobva.
Pakistan haina kwainoenda. Kune 140 miriyoni vanhu vanozviona sevaPakistani asi vasingaone ramangwana. Dambudziko rekuvimba nenyika rakagadzirwa nekureurura kwaDr AQ Khan, aimbove mukuru wePakistan zvombo zvenyukireya kuvandudza uranium, kuti akatengesa tekinoroji yenyukireya kuIran, North Korea neLibya chiratidzo chekuti mamiriro aita sei.
Kuti rondedzero yedu itsva ichavei hazvina kujeka. Hurombo, hudzvinyiriri, maIslamic akasimba, vane huwori vezvematongerwo enyika, mapato ezvematongerwo enyika ayo asiri kunze kwehurongwa hwekuchengetedza, zvombo zvenyukireya, uye kurwisana kusingagumi pamusoro peKashmir, hazvibatsiri kutamba kwekusununguka kwemafungiro ezvematongerwo enyika. Isu tinofanirwa kugadzira nzvimbo uye nguva uye masangano ekuyedza mazano nezve kuzivikanwa, kuendesa matunhu, democracy.
VechiPakistani vepamusoro uye vepakati vanoona vezera ravo muIndia vachibudirira, uye vanonzwa kuti zvinhu zvashata. Huwandu hwevanhu huri kutatarika kurarama. MaIslam haana mutemo wehupfumi. Mauto ane imwe chete: ndeyekutevera zvakatemwa neIMF neWorld Bank - hazvishande. Ndekupi dzimwe nzira dzinogona kuwanikwa? Ndiro dambudziko guru rakatarisana nenyika zhinji: kusave nemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika anoshandura zvishuvo kuti zvive chokwadi. Ndiro gomba iro zvinhu zvakaita seWorld Social Forum zviri kuyedza kuzadza, uye ndinofunga ramangwana riri mukutsvaga kana kugadzira masangano ezvematongerwo enyika anogona kuita basa iri.
Notes:
(1) Ona 'Sarudzo dzePakistan dzaGumiguru, ZNet, Zvita 17, 2002.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta