Paive makore makumi maviri apfuura kuti North American Free Trade Agreement pakati peUS, Canada, uye Mekisiko yakaitwa. MuWashington, zuva rakabatana nekubuda kwebhakitiriya cryptosporidium mumvura yeguta, vagari vachifanira kufashaidza mvura yavo vasati vainwa. Joke muguta raive, "Ona zvinoitika, NAFTA inobata uye haugone kunwa mvura pano."
Yedu yakaregeredzwa zvivakwa parutivi, zviri nyore kuona kuti NAFTA yaive chinhu chakaipa kune vazhinji vekuAmerica. Izvo zvakavimbiswa zvekutengeserana zvakasara neMexico zvakave kushomeka, mamwe mazana ezviuru emabasa akarasika, uye pakave nekudzikira kwakadzikira pamuhoro weUS - icho chaiva, shure kwezvose, chinangwa chechibvumirano. Izvi zvakanga zvisina kufanana nemubatanidzwa wezveupfumi weEuropean Union (pre-Eurozone), iyo yakagovera mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora ebetsero yebudiriro kunyika dzine urombo dzeEurope kuitira kuti mararamiro adzo akwire kusvika paavhareji. Pfungwa iyi yaive yekusundidzira mihoro yeUS kuzasi, yakananga kuMexico, uye kugadzira kodzero nyowani dzemakambani mukati menzvimbo yekutengeserana: aya mabhizinesi ane rombo rakanaka anogona zvino kumhan'arira hurumende pamberi pedare repasi rose rine hushamwari, risingazvidavirire kune chero hurongwa hwekutonga nyika. (semuenzaniso zvakatipoteredza) izvo zvakakanganisa kugona kwavo kuita purofiti.
Asi zvakadini neMexico? Ko Mexico haina kumbobatsirwa here nechibvumirano? Zvakanaka kana tikatarisa makore makumi maviri apfuura, hausi mufananidzo wakanaka. Chiyero chakakosha chekufambira mberi kwehupfumi, kunyanya kune nyika ichiri kusimukira seMexico, kukura kwemari (kana GDP) pamunhu. Kubva makumi maviri eLatin America nyika (South neCentral America pamwe neMexico), Mexico anosvika makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe, nekukura kwepasi pe1% gore negore kubvira 1994. Ichokwadi, zvinokwanisika kutaura kuti Mexico ingadai yakaita zvakanyanya kuipa pasina NAFTA, asi zvino mubvunzo ungadai uri, nei?
Kubva 1960-80 GDP yeMexico pamunhu yakapetwa kaviri. Izvi zvakaenzana nekuwedzera kukuru kwemararamiro kune ruzhinji rweMexico. Kudai nyika yakaramba ichikura nechiyero ichi, ingadai iine mararamiro eEurope nhasi. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika muSouth Korea, semuenzaniso. Asi Mexico, sedzimwe dunhu rose, yakatanga nguva yakareba yekuchinja kwemitemo neoliberal iyo, kutanga nekubata kwayo dambudziko rechikwereti rekutanga 1980s, yakabvisa maindasitiri nehurongwa hwebudiriro, yakapa basa rakakura kudzikamisa kutengeserana kwepasirese uye. investimendi, uye inokoshesesa yakaomesesa zvemari uye marongero emari (dzimwe nguva kunyangwe mukuderera). Mitemo iyi inogumisa nguva yekutanga yekukura nebudiriro. Dunhu rose rakakura chete 6% pamunhu kubva muna 1980-2000; uye Mexico yakakura ne16% - kure kure kubva pa99% yemakore makumi maviri apfuura.
KuMexico, NAFTA yakabatsira kubatanidza neo-liberal, anti-budiriro yehupfumi marongero akange atoitwa mumakore gumi apfuura, achiaisa muchibvumirano chepasi rose. Yakasungawo Mexico zvakanyanya kune iyo Upfumi hweUS, iyo yakange isina rombo rakanaka mumakumi maviri emakore akatevera: mubereko weFed unowedzera muna 1994, musika wemasheya weUS (2000-2002) uye kudzikira (2001), uye kunyanya, kuputsika kwemba uye Kuderera kukuru kwe2008-9. yakave netapuro huru kuMexico kupfuura chero kupi zvako munzvimbo iyi.
Kubva 2000, dunhu reLatin America rose rakawedzera mwero wekukura kusvika pa1.9% pagore pamunhu - kwete senge pre-1980 era, asi kuvandudzwa kwakakomba mumakore makumi maviri apfuura apo yaingova 0.3%. Nekuda kwekukura uku kunowedzera, uyezve mitemo yekurwisa hurombo yakaitwa nehurumende dzekuruboshwe dzakasarudzwa munzvimbo zhinji dzeSouth America mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura, hurombo mudunhu iri hwadzikira zvakanyanya. It rakaramba kubva 43.9% muna 2002 kusvika 27.9% muna 2013, mushure memakumi maviri emakore pasina kufambira mberi.
Asi Mexico haisati yabatana mune iyi yakareba yakamirirwa rebound: kukura kwayo kwakaramba kuri pazasi 1%, isingasviki hafu yeavhareji yedunhu, kubvira 2000. Uye hazvishamisi kuti Mexico yenyika urombo mwero waiva 52.3% muna 2012, chaizvo zvakafanana sezvazvaiva muna 1994 (52.4% ) Pasina kukura kwehupfumi, zvakaoma kuderedza urombo munyika ichiri kusimukira. Zviverengero zvacho zvingangoratidzika zvakatoipisisa kudai zvisiri zvekutama kwakaitika panguva iyi. Mamirioni evaMexico vakadzingwa kubva mukurima, semuenzaniso, mushure mekumanikidzwa kukwikwidza nerubatsiro uye rwakanyanya-kubereka bhizinesi rekurima muminda. nyika dzakabatana, nekuda kwemitemo yeNAFTA.
Zvakaoma kufungidzira Mexico ichiita zvakanyanya pasina NAFTA. Zvichida ichi ndicho chikamu chechikonzero chakaita kuti Washington "Free Trade Area of the Americas" yakarambwa zvachose nedunhu muna 2005 uye zvakataurwa. Trans-Pacific Partnership ari kupinda mudambudziko. Sezvineiwo, apo vezvehupfumi vakasimudzira NAFTA kubva pakutanga vakadaidzwa kuti vadzivirire chibvumirano, iyo zvakanakisisa zvavanogona kupa ndeyekuti yakawedzera kutengeserana. Asi kutengeserana hakusi, kuvanhu vazhinji, magumo pachawo. Uye zvakare haisi iyo yakashata-yakanzi "yemahara kutengeserana zvibvumirano".
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