Sezvo dhirika yechikamu chekupedzisira chenhaurirano dzeWorld Trade Organisation (WTO) muCancun, Mexico, munaGunyana 2003, Canada neUS dzakasaina zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvakati wandei.
South Korea, simba guru rehupfumi muAsia uye yechina pakukura mudunhu, ichangobva kusaina chibvumirano chikuru chenyika mbiri neUS uye parizvino iri kutaurirana chibvumirano chakafanana neCanada.
Mafambiro ezvemagariro muKorea akapikisa zvakasimba kutevedzana kwenyika muWTO kubva pakati pemakore ekuma1990 uye vakaungana vachipokana nezvichangobva kuitika zvekutengeserana kwenyika mbiri.
Kupikisa kubva kuKorea masangano evarimi kuenda kune 'yekutengeserana mahara' mitemo yakawana kutariswa kwenyika dzese mumisangano yeCancun yaGunyana 2003 apo murimi wekuKorea Lee Kyung Hae akatora hupenyu hwake mukupikisa akabata chikwangwani chaiti "WTO inouraya varimi."
Mazana ezviuru vakapinda mukuratidzira mumigwagwa muSeoul zhizha rapfuura vachipokana neshanduko dzichangobva kuitika kuUS-Korea yekutengeserana mutemo iyo yaive yekubvumidza nyama yemombe yeUS kupinda zvakare mumisika yeKorea. Kutengeswa kwenyama yemombe yeUS kwakarambidzwa muKorea kubva pakawanikwa chirwere cheMad Cow mune dzimwe mombe dzekuUS. Kuratidzira kuchangobva kuitika muKorea vachipokana nekutengeswa kwenyama yemombe kuUS kunoratidza kuratidzira kukuru kwekurwisa hurumende mumakumi emakore.
Kupikiswa kwemutemo wekutengeserana kweUS muKorea kunowedzera nyama yemombe yeUS yapfuura, kusvika kuchibvumirano chekutengeserana pakati peUS-Korea - mushure meNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), chibvumirano chikuru chekutengeserana chedunhu chakasainwa neUS.
Muna Zvita, makakatanwa akatanga mudare reNational Assembly kuKorea apo vezvematongerwo enyika vanopikisa vakaedza kupinda mumusangano wakavharwa wekomiti yeparamende inoona nezvekutengeserana vachikurukura nezvechibvumirano chenyika mbiri cheUS, icho chichiri kunetsana zvakanyanya muKorea.
Zvichienderana nechibvumirano cheUS-Korea, vakuru vehurumende yeConservative muCanada vanga vachimanikidza kusaina chibvumirano chakafanana. Masangano evashandi munyika mbiri idzi akapokana nechibvumirano ichi, kusanganisira Canadian Autoworkers Union (CAW). Dare reCAW rakati, "Tinoramba kupinda mumakwikwi nevashandi veKorea kuti tibudirire mune ramangwana. Vanhu vanoshanda munyika dzose vane kodzero yekuchengetedzwa kwebasa, kutengeserana kwakanaka, uye kubudirira kwehupfumi nemagariro evanhu."
Mukuedza kunzwisisa dhiraivha kubva kuUS nevakuru veCanada kuti vawane zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pakati peKorea, Stefan Christoff akataura naChristine Ahn we. MaKorea ekuAmerica kune Fair Trade pazvibvumirano zviviri zvekutengeserana uye kushorwa kwepasi muKorea.
Stefan Christoff: Nezve Koreya-US Yemahara Yekutengeserana Agreement uye zvakare Canada-Korea FTA, unogona here kutsanangura kuti chibvumirano ichi chichakanganisa sei magariro nemaitiro evashandi muSouth Korea, Canada neUS?
Christine Ahn: Kukanganisa kwevanhu vanoshanda kunobva muNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) muCanada, Mexico neUS zvinojekesa kuti kuwedzera mitemo yekutengeserana yakafanana kuKorea kunongokonzera kumwe kukanganisa [ku] nyika dzose dziripo.
Chaizvoizvo, mutemo wehupfumi nekutengeserana uri kusundidzirwa kuKorea kuburikidza neWTO uye neIMF-yakatemerwa gadziriso yemaitiro zvichitevera dambudziko rezvemari rekuAsia mukupera kwema1990s zvakatamisa Korea kubva mukuzvimiririra, hupfumi hweindasitiri uye hwekurima kuenda kuhupfumi hunowedzera kuvimba nekutengesa kunze. uye mafambiro emusika wepasi rose. Shanduko yehupfumi iyi, inotungamirwa nekugadzirisa zvimiro, yakatyora musana wesangano revashandi. Nhasi muKorea vanopfuura 50 muzana yevashandi vava vashandi vasiri venguva dzose.
Masangano evashandi muKorea akanga abudirira kugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu umo kodzero dzevashandi dzakanga dzava kutanga kuvandudzika muKorea mukuvamba kwama1990, nepo kwemakumi amakore pasi pehurumende dzehurumende vashandi vaidzvinyirirwa zvakakomba; ikozvino zvakare pasi peneo-liberal economic policy, kodzero dzevashandi dziri kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Zvakaitika kare zvevashandi muNorth America yose pasi peNAFTA uye dambudziko revashandi veKorea pasi pemitemo ye-neo-liberal zvinonyatsojekesa kuti chibvumirano chekutengeserana cheKorea-US, yechipiri chikuru chekutengeserana kweUnited States mushure meNAFTA, inofanira kupikiswa.
Christoff: Unogona here kutsanangura kuti chibvumirano chekutengeserana cheUS-Korea chaizokanganisa sei zvinhu zvakasiyana munharaunda yeKorea, semuenzaniso pahurongwa hwehutano hwenyika uye zvakare kune varimi vane nhoroondo refu yekuunganidza zvematongerwo enyika muKorea?
Ahn: Mishonga yemishonga inosanganisirwa pasi peichi US-Korea Yemahara Trade Agreement yakaipa. Korea haina yakanakisa yepasirese yekuchengetedza hutano system asi kune yeruzhinji system yakasimba. Pasi pechibvumirano chekutengeserana cheUS rondedzero iripo yemishonga inowanikwa kuvanhu kuburikidza nehutano hwehutano hwaizopikiswa.
Makambani emishonga eUS anga achiedza kusundira runyorwa rutsva rwemishonga, iyo yaizorongedza rondedzero neUS-patented pharmaceuticals iyo inodhura zvakanyanya pane yegeneric mishonga, zvichiisa dambudziko guru pahutano hwehutano hweKorea uye nekuona purofiti kumakambani emishonga eUS kuburikidza. Korea's national healthcare system.
Kuendesa kunze iyo US modhi yehutano hwehutano ipfungwa ine njodzi. MuUS, kune vanopfuura mamirioni makumi mana neshanu vanhu vasina hutano hwehutano, inova mamiriro ekusakurudzira mune dzimwe nyika.
Zviri pachena kuti kodzero dzevashandi dzichakanganiswa nechibvumirano ichi muNorth America neKorea. Pasi pezvibvumirano zvakadaro makambani anogona kungotora mashandiro awo oaendesa kune dzimwe nyika dzine mwero usina kusimba wezvakatipoteredza nevashandi, mitengo yekugadzira yakaderera, nepo [makambani mamwe chetewo] achikwanisa kutumira zvinhu zvawo akagadzirwa pasi rose pasina kubhadhara chero mutero.
Makore gumi chete apfuura, Korea yaimbova hupfumi hwekurima nevarimi vanosvika miriyoni gumi uye pari zvino kune varimi vanosvika mamirioni mazana matatu nemazana mashanu. Kutama kwevanhu vakawanda kwakaitika, vanhu vanotama kubva kumaruwa vachienda mumaguta, izvo zviri kupa kuti kushaya mabasa kuwedzere, sezvo makwikwi anotyisa adzikirawo mihoro munyika. Zvakare, kune kuderera kukuru kwehupfumi hwekumaruwa hweKorea nekuda kwekutiza kuenda kumadhorobha. Uku kutama kwevanhu vakawanda mukati kwakanganisa zvakanyanya hupfumi hweKorea dzisiri dzemaguta.
Pasi peNAFTA, US yakaona kuti bhizimusi rekurima rapihwa mari nemazana emamiriyoni kuti 'vakwikwidze' nevadiki-diki vekuSouth Korea varimi. Zvakanaka kuti mupunga haubatanidzwe muchibvumirano ichi nekuti muKorea varimi vemupunga vanoumba huwandu hukuru hwevarimi munyika, vangazokanganiswa zvakanyanya nekutenga mupunga wakachipa kubva kuUS. Pasi pemitemo yeWTO, zvakadaro, Korea inozopedzisira yadzima mitero yemupunga unotengeswa kunze kwenyika, saka kunyangwe varimi vemupunga vacharohwa nekutenga kunze kwenyika.
Chibvumirano chekutengeserana pakati peKorea neUS chiri kuwedzera mamiriro ezvinhu kuvanhu muKorea uye muUS. Chibvumirano ichi chichabvisa mitero inochengetedza maindasitiri emuno ichipa dzimwe kodzero kumakambani kuti aise mamwe maindasitiri mazhinji munharaunda neveruzhinji.
Christoff: Unogona here kutaura nezve dzimwe dzenyaya huru dzakasimbiswa nevanhu pasi muKorea maererano nechibvumirano ichi?
Ahn: Nyaya huru ndeyenyama yemombe, iyo isati yabatanidzwa muchibvumirano, zvisinei [iyo] yakashandiswa sechishandiso chekusimudzira neUS.
Vatauri veUS vari kusundidzira Korea kuti ibvise kurambidzwa kwe2003 kutengesa nyama yemombe yeUS, yakagadzwa mushure mekunge Chirwere cheMad Cow chawanikwa muUS, chichikanganisa zvakanyanya kutengwa kwemombe kuUS kuKorea. Mukati mechirongwa ichi pakange paine mishandirapamwe mikuru yedzidzo mukati Korea uye muJapan zvakare, kudzidzisa veruzhinji nezve njodzi inogona kukonzerwa nenyama yemombe yekuUS.
Sechisungo chekutanga chenhaurirano dzakatenderedza US-Korea Yemahara Trade Agreement, vanotaurirana kudivi reKorea vari kumanikidzwa kunetesa mitemo ine chekuita nekutengwa kwenyama yemombe yeUS. Chaizvoizvo iyo US yanga ichishandisa nyaya yemombe mukati menhaurirano sekuchinjana kubvumidza maindasitiri ekuKorea kutumira kunze huwandu hwakakura hwemagetsi, conductor machipisi uye mota muUS.
MuUS neCanada, masangano evashandi vemotokari ari kuratidza kusaenzana kukuru pakati pehuwandu hwemotokari dziri kutengeswa neKorea kuUS uye nhamba shoma yemotokari idzo vagadziri veUS vari kuendesa kuKorea; kusaenzana kwekutengeserana.
Masangano evashandi vemotokari muUS neCanada ari kuti zvibvumirano zviviri izvi zvinofanirwa kusainwa chete kana huwandu hwemotokari dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuKorea dzakachengetedzwa. Chaizvoizvo, kudivi reKorea kune kunetseka nezve kupinza nhamba huru dzemotokari dzakagadzirwa neUS nekuti kazhinji injini hadzina hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza. Saka zvibvumirano zviviri izvi hazvina kunaka pamativi ese sezvo zviri kutungamirwa nemusika, zvibvumirano zvisingakoshese zvimwe zvakakosha sezvakatipoteredza, hutano kana mitemo yevashandi.
Vanhu vemuKorea vanonetsekana zvikuru kuti US iri kushandisa chibvumirano ichi senzira yekubvisa hutano, nharaunda uye mitemo yevashandi, pamwe nehurongwa hwehutano hwenyika. Izvi zvinonetsa chaizvo muKorea sekupokana nechibvumirano ichi uye zviri kunyanya kusundidzirwa nevarimi nevarimi vane ruzivo rwakananga, rwekutanga-ruzivo rwekukanganisa kweneo-liberal economic policy muKorea.
Varimi vekuKorea vakanyatso kurudzira kupokana kwakasimba kune neo-liberal hupfumi uye kutengeserana marongero mukati mekufamba kwevarimi munyika, asiwo muNyika Yetatu. Uku kushorwa kwakanzwika zvakanyanya muCancun, Mexico, panguva yenhaurirano dzeWTO uye zvakare muHong Kong.
Zvikurukuru zvibvumirano zviviri izvi zvinoonekwa nevarimi vekuKorea se[zvichitungamira] kurasikirwa nechiremerera nekuzvitonga kwavo.
Stefan Christoff mutori wenhau uye murongi wenharaunda. Hurukuro iyi yakatanga kugadzirirwa Kurwisa FTAs โโchirongwa, chirongwa chepasi rose chinopa mufananidzo wepasirese pazvibvumirano zvekutengeserana kwemahara (FTAs), uye nzwisiso mumatambudziko ari kurwiwa nemafambisirwo emagariro achirwira.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta