Kutambudza kwakafanana pakudii nokuparadza rudzi, uranda, uye hondo dzoutsinye? Iwo ese majus cogens. Ndicho chiLatin che "mutemo wepamusoro" kana "mutemo unomanikidza." Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana nyika ingambodzika mutemo unobvumidza kushungurudzwa kwevanhu. Hakugone kuve nekudzivirirwa kubva kumhosva yekutyora mutemo wejus cogens kurambidzwa.
The
The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, inoti, “Hapana mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana chero api zvawo, ingave mamiriro ehondo kana kutyisidzira kwehondo, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kana imwe njodzi yeruzhinji, inogona kukumbirwa sechikonzero kurwadzisa."
Pasinei nokuti mumwe munhu ari POW kana kuti kwete, anofanira kugara achibatwa nevanhu; hapana mikaha muGeneva Kokorodzano.
The US War Crimes Act, uye 18 USC zvikamu 818 uye 3231, zvinoranga kurwadzisa, nemaune zvichikonzera kutambura kukuru kana kukuvara kwakanyanya kumuviri kana hutano, uye kusiri hunhu, kunyadzisa kana kunyadzisa.
The Torture Statute inoita kuti komisheni, kuedza, kana kurangana kutambudza kunze kwemhosva
Bumbiro remitemo rinopa Kongiresi simba rekudzika mitemo uye Mutungamiriri weNyika basa rekuita kuti itevedzerwe. Asi Bush, achivimba nemamemo nemagweta anosanganisira John Yoo, akazivisa kuti Geneva Conventions haina kushanda kune vanonzi Taliban neAl Qaeda nhengo. Asi kurwadziswa nekubatwa zvisina hunhu hazvibvumidzwe pasi pemitemo yedu.
Magweta eDhipatimendi reJustice akanyora memos achikumbirwa nevakuru veBush kuti vadzivise kuti vasapomerwa mhosva yekurwadziswa. Mune memos emusi waNyamavhuvhu 1, 2002 naKurume 14, 2003, John Yoo akanyora iyo DOJ yaisazomanikidza.
Mutemo wekuremara unoita kuti ive mhosva kune mumwe munhu "nechinangwa chekutambudza, kukuvadza, kana kukuvadza" "kucheka, kuruma, kana kucheka mhino, nzeve kana muromo, kana kucheka kana kudzima rurimi, kana kudzima kana kuparadza ziso, kana kucheka kana kudzima nhengo, kana nhengo yemumwe munhu" kana kukanda kana kudira pane mumwe munhu chero mvura inopisa, asidhi inoodza, kana chinhu chinokonzeresa.
Yoo akati, "nekuda kwekuti mutemo unoti - hazvireve kuti unofanira kuzviita." Mugakava naMuzvinafundo Doug Cassell weNotre Dame, Yoo akati hapana chibvumirano chinorambidza mutungamiri wenyika kushungurudza munhu nekupwanya machende emwana wemunhu. Zvinoenderana nechinangwa cheMutungamiri, Yoo akadaro, zvisinei nekurambidzwa zvachose kwekurwadzisa.
Yoo akamonyanisa mutemo uye akatsanangurazve kurwadzisa zvakanyanya kupfuura Kokorodzano yekurwadzisa uye Mutemo wekurwadzisa. Pasi petsanangudzo yaYoo, unofanirwa kuuraya munhu kuti aite kurwadzisa.
Yoo akanyora kuti kuzvidzivirira kana kudikanwa kunogona kuve dziviriro kune mhosva dzehondo, zvisinei neiyo Torture Convention inorambidza zvachose kushungurudzwa mumamiriro ese ezvinhu.
Mushure meiyo Nyamavhuvhu 1, 2002 memo yaitwa pachena, iyo DOJ yakaziva kuti yakanga isingadzivirirwe. Yakabviswa kubva munaJune 1, 2004, uye maonero matsva, emusi waDecember 30, 2004, akanyatsoramba tsanangudzo yaYoo yekutambudzwa, uye akabvuma kuti chinangwa chemupomerwi chekudzivirira kuchengetedzwa kwenyika hachizomudzivirira kubva pakupomerwa. Kudzoserwa kwememo yekutanga kubvumwa neDOJ kuti kufunga kwepamutemo kwaive kwakashata. Asi kwemwedzi 22 yayakanga ichishanda, yakabvumira uye yakakonzera kutambudzwa kwezviuru zvevasungwa.
Yoo nemamwe magweta eDOJ vaive chikamu chechirongwa chakafanana chekutyora
Dick Cheney, Condoleezza Rice, Donald Rumsfeld, Colin Powell, George Tenet, naJohn Ashcroft vakasangana muWhite House uye vakagadzirisa kurwadziswa uku nekubvumidza nzira dzekutambudza dzakaita semvura. Bush akabvuma kuti aiziva uye akabvumira zviito zvavo.
Vese vane mhosva pasi peWar Crimes Act uye Torture Statute. Pasi pedzidziso yekuraira mutoro, vatungamiriri, kusvika kumusoro kweketani yekuraira kumukuru mukuru, vanosungirwa mhosva dzehondo dai vaiziva kana kuti vaifanira kuziva kuti vari pasi pavo vaizozviita, uye hapana chavakaita kumisa kana kudzivirira. . Vakuru veBush vakaraira kuti vatambudzwe mushure mekutsvaga humbowo hwemutemo kubva kumagweta avo.
Mutungamiriri weNyika haagone kurayira komisheni yekurwadzisa sezvaanogona kuraira kuurayiwa kwevanhu, kana kutanga hurongwa hweuranda, kana kurwa hondo yechisimba.
Sarudzo Komiti yeCongress inofanirwa kutanga kuferefeta nekukasira uye kwakadzama kwemamiriro ezvinhu apo kushungurudzwa kwakatenderwa uye kwakagadziriswa. Vakuru vehurumende yedu, uye magweta akavapa zano, vanofanirwa kuferefetwa uye kutongwa nemuchuchisi akasarudzika, akazvimiririra kubva kuDhipatimendi reRuramisiro, nekuda kwemabasa avo ekushandisa zvisirizvo mutemo wemutemo uye kuongororwa kwemutemo kupembedza kurwadzisa uye dzimwe mhosva dziri pachena. kutyorwa kwemitemo yedu.
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