The
World Trade Organisation (WTO) inzvimbo inokatyamadza. It
yakavambwa pane inooneka pfungwa ye "free trade" kuvandudza
mipimo yekurarama munyika yose, asi zvibvumirano zvayo zvinoshanda zvikurukuru
zvido zvemakambani muNorth America, Europe, uye yakabudirira
Asia-Pacific nzvimbo (Japan, Australia, New Zealand). Chimiro chayo
inobata tariro yedemokrasi uye kutora chikamu kwakaenzana, asi mukati
dzidzira ndiyo nzvimbo yekumanikidza zvakanyanya zvematongerwo enyika uye
hupfumi manipulation. Kukanganisa kwaro, kunyanya kubatsirwa kwakashata
kuti nyika dzakapfuma dzine munhaurirano, dzakaongororwa
pakureba kwehupenyu hwayo hwemakore masere. Asi imwe tariro yaigara ichibhururuka,
kunyanya nekuti sangano rinoita sarudzo kuburikidza ne
kubvumirana kwenhengo yehurumende ye146.
As
zvinozoitika, hutungamiriri hweWTO hauna kudzidza zvakawanda muSeattle,
asi vakaita chokwadi chekubata misangano yavo yeramangwana kaviri pagore zviri nyore-kudzorwa
nzvimbo dziri kure nevaratidziri vakasimba. Musangano waNovember 2001
yakaitirwa muDoha, Qatar, imwe yevakuru paArabia
Peninsula uko rusununguko rwekutaura rwakaganhurirwa zvakanyanya. Izvi
musangano wegore wakaitwa pane nhete, nzira imwe chete
inosanganisira zvachose mahotera ehotera kunze kweguta reCancรบn,
iyo iri paYucatan Peninsula iri kure muMexico.
The
Cancรบn Summit (Gunyana 10 kusvika 14, 2003) yanga isiri yekutambazve.
yeSeattle, uko varatidziri vakarongeka, mukati megungano
pakati uye mumigwagwa iri kunze, pamwe chete nenhume dzehurumende
akashatirwa nekuzvikudza kwemauto eUS, kuvharisa
kutenderera kutsva kwenhaurirano.
Mienzaniso Kunze
Vavengi
akauya kuCancรบn achibva kunyika dzinenge 40. Nhamba dzaive
vashoma pane 50,000 XNUMX vamwe vakafanotaura. Asi varongi pasi
nguva dzose aiziva kuti nhamba dzakadaro dzakanga dzisingabviri kuitika. Ikoko
vaiva vanenge 10,000 kusvika 15,000 vanhu panzvimbo yakakwirira ye
kuratidzira, kwakatanga pakuvhurwa kwemhemberero neChitatu, Gunyana
10. Kufora kwezuva iroro kwakarongwa neVia Campesina, iyo yenyika yose
network yevarimi vadiki vekurima. Chiitiko chacho chaiva zvose
vane mweya uye vakapengenuka, sezvo vatori vechikamu vaiziva nezvesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi
yedambudziko rakatarisana nevarimi vakawanda ikoko, avo vari kuchata
muhondo inorasikirwa neyakaomeswa yepasi rose yekutengesa system inochengeta
mitengo yezvinhu yakaderera, zvichikanganisa kurima kusiri kwemakambani
kwose kwose. Vazhinji vevaifora vaibva kuMexico, asi vakanga varipo
varimi vanobva kuWest Africa, Japan, United States, India, South
Korea, uye nyika zhinji dzeLatin America neCaribbean. The Korean
Nhume dzainakidza zvikuruโdzakaumbwa nevanenge 200
vanhu, vazhinji vavo varimi, pamwe chete neboka rekuKorea
Confederation of Trade Unions.
The
MaKorea akashamisa vamwe vaifora nekuchaja chivharo chikuru
negondohwe rokurova rakanzi rakanga rakaita seshato. Maminitsi mashoma
gare gare, mumwe murimi wokuKorea anonzi Lee Kyun-Hae akakwira fenzi
chikwangwani chainzi โWTO Inouraya Varimiโ akazvibaya
muchipfuva, kuita โkuzvirovera.โ Kuzviuraya kwakadaro
zvave zvakajairika pakati pevarimi vadiki muAsia pavanowana
havagone kuchengetedza raramo yavo (uye havanzwike pakati pavo
Varimi vemhuri yeUS). Nekuzviuraya pamusangano weWTO, Lee
isa mitemo yezvekurima yakarerekera kwekambani yeWTO mu
kupenya neasingarambike pathos, kurwisa kunopisa paWTO's
kukanganiswa kwevanhu kwaisagona kufuratira.
march yakaguma yave diki pane yeChitatu, zvakanyanya nekuti
mazhinji emakampasino aisakwanisa kugara kwenguva yakareba muCancรบn.
Asi kwaiva kuratidzwa kwakanyatsorongwa kwekubatana pakati pevadzidzi
nevarimi. Boka remadzimai rakabuda murwendo rwaive neruvara ruchienda
tora-waya-kucheka kune barricade, ichiteverwa neboka rinotungamirirwa ne
MaKorea akasungira tambo pafenzi ndokuidhonzera pasi. Mapurisa,
vaiva nedziviriro dzakawedzerwa mazana mashoma emayadhi kukwidza nemugwagwa, vakashivirira
chiito sechiratidzo chekurova paWTO. Mushure mekuvhara
akadonha, varatidziri vakagara pasi uye vakacherekedza mutero une simba kuna
Lee uye kurwira kururamisira kwaakapa hupenyu hwake.
Kupinza Mharidzo Mukati
In
kuwedzera kune kuratidzira mudhorobha reCancรบn uye kudiki
zviito mumigwagwa kunze kwenzvimbo yekokorodzano, zvakawanda
varatidziri vakapinda panzvimbo yemusanganoโzvose zviri pamutemo chose chose.
WTO yakapa mvumo kune 980 masangano asiri ehurumende, zvakadaro
vakanga vasingabvumirwi pedyo nemakamuri umo nhaurirano dzaiitwa
nzvimbo. Paivawo nevatori venhau vanopfuura chiuru vaishandisa nhepfenyuro
centre, yaive nerupo mabhanga emakomputa, maprinta, michina yefax,
uye DSL mitsetse. MaNGOs mazana maviri chete ndiwo akapihwa zvitupa kumutambo wekuvhura,
asi vanenge 30 vavo vakashandisa zvakanaka mukana wacho nokumira
miromo yavo yakavharwa nematepi nhema, vakabata zvikwangwani zvine mashoko
se "WTO Yapera" uye "WTO Undemocratic,"
sezvo Director General Supachai Pantichpakdi akataura. Masecurity guards
vari vega, asi havana kuvarwisa, saka vakaimba โkunyara,
kunyaraโ sezvavaibuda muhoro.
A
musangano nevatori venhau pamusoro pekurima nemutevedzeri wemumiriri weUS Trade
yakavhiringidzwa kaviri zuva rakatevera nevaratidziri vachishoropodza anti-murimi,
pro-corporate mitemo yehurumende yeUS neWTO. Zvishoma
maawa gare gare, chiziviso chakanamirwa pavhidhiyo bulletin board runyorwa
musangano wevatori venhau unouya wakaverenga kuti: โNekuda kwechiitiko pa
Gunyana 11, NGOs haachabvumidzwe kuenda kumusangano wevatori venhau. "
The
Boka renyika makumi maviri neimwe, kana kuti G-21, rakaita musangano nevatori venhau neChipiri,
Gunyana 9. Gurukota rezvekunze reBrazil, mutevedzeri wegurukota rezvekutengeserana
yeChina, nemakurukota ezvekutengeserana kubva kuIndia, South Africa, Argentina,
uye Costa Rica vakaungana kuti vazivise kutsunga kweboka racho
kuti tirambe takabatana mumusangano wese. Boka rakanga raumbwa
mukupindura kuburitswa kweWTO Secretariat ye "mukuru
draft textโ kumusangano weCancรบn. Gwaro iroro raibva
inenge yakazara pakutumirwa kwakabatana neUnited States uye
European Union uye yakarwiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusateerera zvinonetsa
nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzanga dzichitaura kubva gurukota reDoha
uko mitemo ye "round" yekukurukurirana yakaiswa pasi.
The
hurongwa hweboka hwaive hudiki-kusimbirira pakucheka
Nyika dzekuchamhembe dzinopihwa rubatsiro rwekurima uye kuwana zvakawanda
kumisika yeNorthern-uye vatauri pamusangano wevatori venhau
yainyanya kusimbisa kutsunga kwavo kusabvuma kufurirwa kana kutyisidzirwa
kubva kuhurumende dzeNorth dzakagadzirirwa kukanganisa kubatana kwavo. The
murongi weboka, Gurukota rezvekunze reBrazil Celso
Amorin, akati, โTichachengeta kubatana kwedu, kunozoedzwa
kakawanda, kubva panguva ino. " Vakasimbisawo
kukosha kwedunhu ravaimiriraโ63 muzana
yevarimi vose uye 51 muzana yevagari vepasi.
The
kukomba kwedenho inomiririrwa neG-21 kwakajekeswa
nekusimba kwemushandirapamwe wakatangwa nenhume kubva ku
US neEU kuzvidza kana kupatsanura boka, uye kupa vamwe chiokomuhomwe
nyika dzekuvimbisa kusajoinha. Asi pakupera kwemusangano
shanduko chete kwaive kubuda kweEl Salvador, bapiro rayo rekurudyi
hurumende yakabudirira chiokomuhomwe, uye kuwedzera kweNigeria uye
Indonezhiya. Kuwanda kwevanhu hakusi zvese, hongu, asi mukuwedzera
kumusoro nhamba mushure mekugadzirisa ikoko, iyo G-20+ (sezvazvakasvika
kudanwa) yakaguma yamiririra inopfuura 60 muzana yenyika
huwandu hwevanhu (rondedzero yaGunyana 15 yaive: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala,
India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
South Africa, Thailand, neVenezuela).
As
nhaurirano dzakaenderera mberi uye mushure mekunge hurukuro dzaparara, vakuru veUS
akapomera G-20+, kunyange zvisingawanzo kutaurwa nezita. Maererano nevanhu avo
akaona musangano wake wekupedzisira wevatori venhau, mumiriri weUS, Robert Zoellick,
yakanyatso kusundwa kuvhiringidzwa nekuputsika kwakatungamirwa neSouthern kwe
hurukuro. Kutyisidzira kwake kushandura US kutarisa kune kutengeserana kwenyika mbiri
zvibvumirano, zvakadai sezvichangobva kupera neMorocco, Singapore,
neChile, zvinoita sezvingangoenda kumberi, kunyangwe EU neWTO
Vakuru vanoti vari kuwedzera kuomesa hurongwa hwepasi rose. IUS
yatove kufambira mberi munhaurirano dzesub-regional
zvibvumirano, seCentral US Free Trade Agreement uye Southern
Africa Free Trade Agreement. IUS ine ingangoita isina muganho leverage
mune izvo zvibvumirano zve-sub-regional uye bilateral uye inogona kufamba
nyika kuti dzipinze nyaya dzakawanda kupfuura dzinombounzwa
kuWTO. Chile, semuenzaniso, yakavimbisa kubvisa kudzora kwayo kukuru,
izvo zvakange zvichitaurwa kwenguva refu semuenzaniso kune nyika dzekumaodzanyemba dzichida
kushandisa humwe hutongi pamusoro pe "mari inopisa" mari yekunze
iyo inogona kukurumidza kudhonzwa kunze kwenyika panguva yekuvhunduka.
Kuedza
sezvazvingave kuona hurumende dzeG-20+ semhare-magamba
takatarisana nehumambo hwakaipa hweKuchamhembe, hatifanirwe kurasikirwa nekuona
zvenyaya yekuti ese ari maumbirwo ezvematongerwo enyika zvakare, mazhinji e
vasinganakidzi kana kuti vangangoita zviito zveuori
seyedu. India's fundamentalist-fascist hurumende haisi
zvingangoita kuti uve muenzaniso unofambira mberi semugumisiro wekuve mutungamiri
muG-20+ uye China haisi kuzotora pfungwa itsva ye
kodzero Dzevanhu. Nechokunopera kwomusangano weCancรบn, kwakanga kune
runyerekupe โ rusina humbowo โ rwekuti dzimwe nyika dzirimo
iyo G-20+, kusanganisira Brazil neChina, vaida kuwana nzira
kuita imwe mhando yedhiri.
A
nyaya yaigona kuitwa kuti mavericks chaiwo, avo vakatora
Chinzvimbo chakasimba chakamisa musangano, vaive vari mune zvakazoitika
inozivikanwa seG-32 kana G-33 (idaidze kuti G-30+ kuti iwirirane). Drawn
zvikuru kubva kuboka reACP (Africa-Caribbean-Pacific, kubva kune kutengeserana
chibvumirano pakati peEU nenyika dzine hurombo zvakanyanya dzinotengesa kunze),
iyo G30 + yaiwanzomiririrwa neIndonesia uye yaive nezvimwe
inopindirana neG-20+. Asi huwandu hwenhengo dzayo hwaive
nyika dzine hurombo, kunyanya muAfrica. Musiyano kubva kuG20+
mapoka, aitsvaga kuchekwa murubatsiro rweMaodzanyemba uye kuwana kuChamhembe
misika, iyo G30+ yakatarisana ne "special products" -izvo
ndiko, kuratidza huwandu hwezvinhu zvekurima, pamwe zvakasiyana
kubva munyika nenyika, kuti hurumende dzaigona kudzivirira pasina
chirango.
The
G-30+ yakanga isina chimiro chepamusoro cherimwe boka, asi mune zvematongerwo enyika
maererano nezvinangwa zvaroโkuchengeta kubatana pasinei nedzvinyiriro huru
kubva kuMaodzanyemba-dzakafanana uye kubudirira kwayo kunenge kukuru.
Paiva nekuedza kubatanidza mapoka maviri uye inoshuma kuti yakakura
Boka renyika dzemu Africa raive pedyo nekujoinha G-20+ sebloc.
Pakupedzisira, havana kunyengetedzwa munguva, asi mapoka maviri
vakanga vachibatira pamwe zvine mufungo. Pfungwa yekuenda kumba kubva
Cancรบn ichave, sezvakarongwa neG-20+ neG-30+,
kuti Maodzanyemba haazoputsika nyore munhaurirano dzekutengeserana mune ramangwana
paWTO uye pamwe mamwe maforamu zvakare. Kunyangwe vese "Gs"
kusashanda mukati memwedzi yakati wandei, ndicho chishuwo ichocho chichapera
kushungurudza Zoellick nemumwe wake weEU, Pascal Lamy, kubva zvino zvichienda mberi.
Anatomy yeFinal Standoff
In
tichiongorora Cancรบn, vatsinhiri vashoma vakabvunza pfungwa iyi
kuti imwe yeSouthern-nyika blocs inokonzera "kukundikana"
kuCancรบn. Pfungwa isina kujeka, yakajekeswa nevamwe, ndeyekuti
ese ehurumende dzeMaodzanyemba dzakatorwa panguva imwe chete
ne "radicals." Mutevedzeri wemumiriri weUS Trade Josette
Shiner akaenda paPBS "NewsHour" neJamaica's
mukuru wenhaurirano, Richard Bernal, uye akati aifunga zvirikuitika
nyika dzaiwana mazano asina kunaka kubva kumaNGO akaita seOxfam. Kunze kwaizvozvo
hushingi hwehushingi hunodiwa kuenda paterevhizheni yenyika uye kupomera
mukuru mukuru kune imwe hurumende achikwereta zvinzvimbo zvake
uye mazano kubva kune NGO, Shiner aiita kunge ari kubvunza vaoni kuti
bvuma kuti nyika dzese dzeMaodzanyemba kubva kuMali kuenda kuChina dzaigutsikanawo
kuti vasiye hurongwa hwavo nekuita mutemo kuOxfam.
Ndizvo
kwete kuti hurumende dzose dzeG-20+ neG-30+ dzakangoerekana dzavapo
kubatwa ne anti-imperialist fervor. Vazhinji vavo vanoda kuita
kutengeserana kunobata neUS, EU, neJapan-vazhinji vanoda kwazvo
ita kudaro kuti uwane mari yakawanda yakaoma. Asi kuziva kuti WTO,
uye hurongwa hwese hwehupfumi hwenyika yose, hwakabirirwa kuti varambe vari mukati
basa revatengesi vevashandi vakachipa uye zvinhu zvakachipa rave pakupedzisira
zvinova zvisingarambiki, kunyange vashumiri vezvokutengeserana nevezvokutengeserana vakadzidziswa
kuzvikoro zvakaita seLondon School of Economics kana veterans venzvimbo
seWorld Bank.
kana
mumwe anofunga kuputsika kunovimbisa kana kushungurudza, kunofanira kuva
zvakajeka kuti maobstructionists chaiwo aive nyika dzeKumusoro.
IUS yakatungamira mukuramba isingazungunuke pachibvumirano chekurima
uye European Union neJapan dzakashanda zvivhariso pa "Singapore
matambudziko.โ Kwaive kusada kupa chero kweMaodzanyemba
pasi, kwete kutsvanzvadzira kutsva neSouth kuti vanobata pachena
uye nenzira yakarurama, izvo zvakadzivisa kufambira mberi kusvika kuchibvumirano.
apo
WTO yakagadzirwa muna 1995, pakuguma kwe "Uruguay
kumativiโ ehurukuro pasi pesangano rakatangira, Mukuru Mukuru
Chibvumirano cheTariffs uye Trade (GATT), iyo US uye vanobatana nayo zvakabudirira
akasimbirira pakubatanidzwa kwenyaya dzinoverengeka dzakanga dzisingabatanidzwi
kubva kuGATT hurukuro. Chaizivikanwa pakati peaya aiva ekurima, Mukuru
Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)โ iyo inoshanda kune kutengeserana
mune zvese kubva kuinishuwarenzi kusvika pakupihwa mvura kusvika pakutumira posvo
uye haisati yanyatsotanga kushanda-uye Trade-Related Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPS), kana patents, ayo anga ari manyuko e
gakava repasi rose pamusoro pemitengo yemishonga yeHIV/AIDS uye
mimwe mishonga inoponesa upenyu inogona kugadzirwa zvakachipa nevagadziri
zve generics. Gakava rokupedzisira iroro rakagadziriswa kwechinguvana zvakarurama
pamberi peCancรบn nechibvumirano pakati pemishonga
indasitiri neUS, EU, Brazil, South Africa, neKenya โ an
chibvumirano chakapararira, kunyange chisiri pasi rose, chinoshorwa neHIV/AIDS
mapoka ekukurudzira.
The
kusanganisirwa kweimwe neimwe yenyaya idzodzo, izvo, kunze kwe
zvekurima, hazvina kutorwa sechikamu che "kutengeserana,"
muWTO itsva yaionekwa sechibvumirano chakakosha nevakawanda vari kusimukira
nyika. Kutenga kwehurumende, mutemo wemakwikwi, kufambisa kutengeserana,
uye kudyara kwakamiswa zvakabudirira kusvika pamusangano wekutanga weWTO,
yakaitirwa muSingapore (saka iyo "Singapore nyaya").
kunyange zvazvo
kurima kwakawana kutariswa kukuru panguva yemusangano,
kwaive kushaikwa kwekubvumirana panhau dzeSingapore dzakatungamira
VekuMexico vanotambira kuti vazivise kuti musangano wapera. Panyaya idzodzo, the
G-30+ vakanga vakamira nemitemo yakabvumiranwa pamusangano wa2001
Doha; yakanga iri EU neJapan (uye, zvisinganzwisisike, South Korea, iyo inoshanduka
pakati peNorthern neSouthern identities) iyo yakatora nzvimbo yakaoma
uye akaramba kuzununguka.
In
Doha, pasi pekumanikidzwa kuratidza rutsigiro rweUnited States mu
mavhiki mushure mekurwiswa kwaSeptember 11 uye kutumira "kusimbisa
shokoโ kuupfumi hwenyika yose, nyika dzokuMaodzanyemba
vakakweverwa nekuzengurira muchiziviso chisina kujeka chokutanga
"Doha development round" yenhaurirano-yakadanwa kudaro
sekukurudzira kuSouth, iyo yakaudzwa kuti nyika dzakapfuma
yaizobvumira kuti zvidikanwi zvebudiriro yenyika dzine urombo zviyereswe
zvakanyanya kudarika zvinotarisirwa zvekambani purofiti panguva
denderedzwa iri rehurukuro. Mukumhanya kuCancรบn, vatauri vakawanda
uye vakuru venyika dzekumaodzanyemba vakanyunyuta kuti Maodzanyemba akanga asina
wakazadzisa chipikirwa chayo; panguva yavakasvika kuCancรบn
kutsoropodza kwechitsidzo ichocho dzaive nhau dzekare uye dzisingatombotaurwi.
Doha
yakapera munyonganyonga mushure mekuwedzera kwakati wandei kwekupedzisira
chikamu, pakupedzisira kusvika maawa makumi matatu nemasere akatevedzana. Kuva nekuneta
vamwe vavo kubva kunhumwa diki uye vakahwina akati wandei
zvibvumirano, US nevabatsiri vayo pakupedzisira vaifanira kuita chibvumirano chimwe chete,
nekubvuma kusimbirira kwehurumende yeIndia kuti nhaurirano
paโnhau dzeSingaporeโโnhamburiko yokubvumirana pairi
mitemo yakafanana yekudyara, mutemo wemakwikwi, kutenga hurumende,
uye kufambisa kutengeserana, nezvimwewo-zvaigona kuenda kumberi chete kana uye rinhi
Nyika dziri nhengo dzeWTO dzakabvumidzwa ne "kubvumirana kwakajeka."
vanenge
hapana nyika dzeGlobal South dzakazvizivisa dzichifarira kuvhurwa
nhaurirano pane chero nyaya idzodzo. Kuuya muCancรบn, makumi manomwe
nyika dzakabatanidzwa mukuramba zvachose kuvatora.
Mukati momusangano wacho nhamba iyoyo yakawedzera kusvika ku90. Zvaiita sokuti
kuti hapana anogona kupokana kuti "kubvumirana kwakajeka"
akavapo.
The
World Development Movement, NGO yeBritish, yainyatsoziva zviri nani.
EU yaida kuti nyaya dzese dzienderere mberi, saka WDM yakagadzira bheji
zvibatiso-necklace dzenaironi dzinobata mufananidzo-chiratidzo
magwaro pamisangano yakaita seWTOs-neshoko rokuti "zvakajeka
kubvumiranaโ akadhindwa muchiNgezi, chiFrench, chiSpanish, chiArabic, uye
ChiHindi. Dzakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya uye dzakava musoro we a
kurambidzwa pazuva rechina remusangano. Vashandi veSecurity vaive
akarayira kuti vazvibvute panopindwa napo kwemaawa akati wandei, kusvikira
mumwe munhu akataura kuti chiito chacho chingasapfuura munhu weMexico
bvunzo yebumbiro.
The
Vanhu veWDM havasirivo vega vakauya nemaprops. Kubva
kubva pasina chero gwaro kubva kuhurumende yeNiger, iyo yakaita
kuratidza kufarira kutsigira nyaya dzeSingapore, yakatanga
circulating; zvakakurumidza kuratidzwa kuva zvechinyakare uye kubva padanho rakaderera
bureaucrat. Ipapo Togo, nyika diki ine kutonga kwenguva refu
mudzvanyiriri mukondinendi yeAfrica, akataura kuti aizotsigira
nyaya itsva. Dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica dzakaramba Togo
mira.
The
EU yakanamatira pachinzvimbo chayo. Usambopindura mubvunzo we "zvakajeka
kubvumirana,โ Pascal Lamy, pamwe chete nechiJapan chake nechiKorean
vamwe, vakasimbirira kuti kuzvipira kutanga nhaurirano
nyaya dzeSingapore dzinofanira kuiswa muchiziviso chekupedzisira.
Kupihwa kweminiti yekupedzisira naLamy kudonhedza dzimwe nyaya mbiri dzine gakava - kukwikwidza
mutemo nekudyara-zvaive zvisina kukwana. Iyo G-30+, nezvimwe zvakawanda
nyika zvakare, dzakaona nzvimbo yeEU seyakazvitutumadza zvisingaite
kudzingwa kwezvinzvimbo zvinonyatsotaurwa nevazhinji veWTO
nyika dziri nhengo. Mushure mekukurumidzira kutaurirana nevadyidzani vayo vemuAfrica,
nhumwa dzeKenya dzakatanga kutaura kuti panogona kunge pasina
kubvumirana naLamy uye nhengo yenhume yakatumirwa
vezvenhau kuti vaudze mhomho yevatori venhau kuti, โZvakanaka
pamusoro.โ
Zvose Zvinorevei?
The
ongororo yakapusa ndeyekuti zvinoreva kuti hapana shanduko muchimiro quo:
kutenderera kwakamira pari zvino, kunyangwe kuchaedza,
zvisinei akaneta, kuzomutsidzira muGeneva mumwedzi iri kuuya. It
zvinoreva musangano unotevera weWTO, wakagadzirirwa Hong Kong mukupera kwa2004
kana kutanga kwa2005, inogona kunge iri kupera kwekupedzisira kweDoha kutenderera. Iye WTO
inogona kuva yakawanda yedare rekutonga, kududzira zvibvumirano
uye kutonga kupokana, pane kuitisa nhaurirano.
For
Hurumende dzeMaodzanyemba dzinogona kutorwa sekuramba kwakasimba kwe
nzira dzekumanikidza dzekukurukurirana dzavakashandisa kubva kunyika dzeMaodzanyemba
akatanga kupinda GATT. Kwave nekufona kubva kunzvimbo zhinji dze
Europe kuti Lamy asiye basa. Maonero akasiyana anopiwa ne
The Economist, magazini yevhiki nevhiki yeBritish yekirasi dzevakuru. For
vapepeti vayo, Cancรบn ndicho chiratidzo chakajeka kuti nyika dzekumaodzanyemba
vakapiwa inzwi guru. Inokurudzira kutevera mutungamiri
yehutongi hwaBush, nekudzvanya kwayo zvakasimba zveAfrica
chikumbiro chekumiririrwa kwebhodhi zvishoma.
For
Hurumende dzeMaodzanyemba isimba rekusimbisa kune fungidziro
kuti pakupedzisira arambe kushandiswa kweMaodzanyemba. Kune vanhu vari vaviri
Maodzanyemba neMaodzanyemba, inhau dzakanaka. Zvinoreva mukana mukuru
runyararo, kutengeserana kwakanaka, raramo yakanaka, chiremera, chikafu chine utano,
ecology yakagadzikana, uye pfungwa yepasi rose yekubatana. For
sangano repasi rose rekururamisira, Cancรบn inotora nzvimbo yayo mu
rukudzo rwekukunda runosanganisira Seattle uye kutonhora kwe
iyo Multilateral Agreement pa Investment (MAI) muna 1997-98. Sezvineiwo,
kwaiva kuedza kumutsidzira MAI muchimiro Singapore
nyaya 'zvirongwa zvekudyara zvakasimbisa magumo eCancรบn
hurukuro.
Cancรบn
inofanira kushambadzirwa sekukunda kukuru kwesangano rekutonga pasi rose,
kunyangwe mhedzisiro yacho yanga isiri iyo yakananga mhedzisiro ye
kushanda nesimba. Nekudaro, kutsunga kwevakurukuri vehurumende
muCancรบn kumira kuNorthern plutocracy pasina mubvunzo
yakagadzirwa, muchidimbu, uye yakasimbiswa zvakanyanya nekumanikidzwa kwakaiswa
nekufamba. Kubva mugwaro remitemo rinokunda kumasangano Focus on
Global South, Third World Network, ActionAid, uye, hongu, Oxfam,
kukuratidzira kwemumugwagwa kwakajeka, kwakashinga, uye kunopfuurira vachizivisa
chitendero chinogara mu "vanhu vasati vawana purofiti," sangano
chaive chakakosha pakukunda muCancรบn.
If
kufamba kunokwanisa kuchengetedza kukurumidza uye kudzvinyirira, zvingadaro
kutanga kwechinjo yakanaka munzira iyo hurumende dzinobata nayo
mafambisirwo emagariro evanhu, nenhengo dzavo, uye nevaya
vaizobiridzira vanhu vavo; kungatova kutanga kwezvematongerwo enyika
paradigm shift saka vazhinji vanga vachishandira.
Verenga
kufamba kunopa muyedzo wekufara, kunofanira kudaro
akati nhoroondo yaizoratidza kuti kugadzirira kutengesa uye
kutenga-offs ingava pfungwa yakanaka. Asi zvinofanirawo kutaurwa kuti ikoko
zvimwe zviratidzo zvekuchinja kwakanaka. Muvhiki imwe chete ne
Cancรบn misangano, Argentina yakakwanisa kutaurirana chibvumirano chitsva
neIMF kurongazve chikwereti chayo chikuru kusangano.
Nekushandisa simba rayo semukwereti mukuru (kana uine chikwereti kubhangi
$100, ndeyako; kana iwe uine chikwereti kubhangi $ 100 miriyoni, iwe unayo),
uye kushandisa tsigiro yevavakidzani vayo nevamwe, Argentina
akabudirira kuramba akawanda ezvinodikanwa zvakakosha zvakaitwa neIMF, kusanganisira
kukwira kunoshamisa mumitengo yezvishandiso uye kuwedzera kuvharirwa kwembavha.
Kukurukurirana kwakabudirira kwakadaro hakusati kwamboitika kuIMF
uye, pamwe chete nenhau kubva kuCancรบn, zvinoratidza kuti riini
simba remaonero evanhu rinounzwa kuhurumende, hurumende
dzimwe nguva vachamiririra vanhu vavo-uye kuti nzvimbo
yeNorth's concentrated power inogona kukundwa.
Pakupedzisira,
maziso ose anotendeukira kuMiami, uko vashumiri vezvokutengeserana nevekunze vanobva kumativi ose
kumadokero hemisphere ichaungana pakati paMbudzi kuti ienderere mberi nenhaurirano
paFTAA. Kuenderera mberi kubudirira kunodiwa ipapo kuchengetedza kukurumidza
kubva kuCancรบn. Iyo "buzz" nezve chiitiko cheNorth
Nharaunda dzevamiriri veAmerica pamwe ndidzo dzine ruzha zvakanyanya
kubva kuSeattle uye anovimbisa mazuva anonakidza mashoma (Mbudzi
17-22). Kiyi kuMiami, kubva pakuona kwemukati, ndeye
chinzvimbo chehurumende yeBrazil. Nekutsva kweBrazil
mutungamiri, Lula da Silva weBato reVashandi, pane zvikonzero
nokuda kwetarisiro. Asi Lula aitawo mheremhere yekuda
kuve neFTAA munzvimbo muna 2005, sekunge mamwe masaini anoratidza
chido chekukanganisa chirongwa. Varatidziri veBrazil havana chokwadi
nezvekuti Lula achapedzisira asvika pakutengesa neUS The
matanda akakwira zvakanyanya panguva ino: Miami ichatiudza zvakawanda nezve
remangwana rekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose.
Soren
Ambrose ari pamwe neNew Voices paGlobalization/50 Years Is Enough
Network. Photos
muchinyorwa ichi naOrin Langelle.