Kusundirwa ne federal regulators kutyora
kumusoro Microsoft inhau huru. Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, hofori yesoftware yaiita kunge isingabatike-uye
vanhu vashoma vakada kushanda nesimba kurwisa kuvimba nemasimba ekutonga mukati
iyo software indasitiri. Mazuva ano, kushaikwa kwechiono kwakafanana kunowanzoitika
kutarisa bhizinesi renhau.
Nhasi, makambani matanhatu chete ane kubata zvine simba panhau dzeAmerica.
apo Iyo Media Monopoly yakatanga kuonekwa pamasherufu emabhuku muna 1983, munyori
Ben Bagdikian anotsanangura, kuti: “Masangano 50 aidzora vakawanda zvikurusa
pakati nepakati.” Nechinyorwa chitsva chimwe nechimwe, nhamba iyoyo yakaramba ichiderera—kusvika pa29
mafemu enhau muna 1987, 23 muna 1990, 14 muna 1992, uye gumi muna 10.
Rakatsikiswa muchirimo chino, chinyorwa chechitanhatu che Iyo Media Monopoly zvinyorwa
kuti makambani gumi nemaviri achangove ari kupa mazhinji emunyika
media fare. Bagdikian, mutori wenhau wenguva refu, anoenderera mberi achiridza alarm.
“Ndiro simba guru rekubatana kwemafemu aya, nemakambani awo
kupindirana uye kubatana kwetsika nezvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvinomutsa kunetseka
mibvunzo nezve basa remunhu mudemokrasi yeAmerica. "
Ndeapi mikana yekuti Bagdikian-kana chero ani zvake-achakokwa
panhepfenyuro huru dzeTV kuti dzikurukure kukosha kwekusavimbika kwakasimba
kumanikidzira kurwisana nemasangano makuru enhau? Ngationei:
-
CBS: Kwete kubheja kwakanaka, kunyanya kubva pakubatanidzwa kwayo neViacom (imwe ye
Big Six) yakaziviswa kupera kwekupedzisira. -
NBC: Hazvigoneki. General Electric, aBig Six femu, ane NBC kubvira
1986. -
ABC: Zvikanganwe. Iyi network yakava pfuma yeDisney Co. shanu
makore apfuura. Disney ikozvino ndiyo yechipiri-yakakura midhiya chipfeko chenyika. -
Fox: Iyo Fox network ndeyaRupert Murdoch's News Corp., parizvino
nhamba yechina munhau oligarchy.
Ipapo kune nguva dzose terevhizheni yetambo, ine akati wandei network yakazvipira kwairi
nhau:
-
CNN: Iyo huru yepasirese media conglomerate, Time Warner, ine CNN-kupi
Antitrust kutaura nezve kusungirirwa zvisina kufanira kwesimba re media kuri kugamuchirwa
sekuimbwa kwakaita Internationale pamutambo webaseball muMiami. -
CNBC: General Electric iri pachinhanho chechitanhatu ndiyo muridzi wetambo iyi
mugero. -
MSNBC: Yakagadzirwa semubatanidzwa weGE neMicrosoft, iyo MSNBC network
vaizoona kuratidzira kurwisana nevezvenhau monopoly sedambudziko rakapetwa. -
Fox News Channel: Iyo Fox cable programming haiwanzo kudzungaira kure neiyo
kuzvida kweNews Corp. tycoon Murdoch.
Sezvo ese makuru makuru enhau eTV ari eimwe yeBig Six,
mikana ishoma zvikuru yekuti uchakwanisa kubata nhaurirano
yenhau dzekusavimbika kwenhau paterevhizheni yenyika.Zvichakadaro, iyo chete Big Sixer iyo isina kiyi terevhizheni yeUS
chitoro — femu yeBertelsmann iri muGermany—ndiyo ine simba zvikuru
kambani muindasitiri yemabhuku. Ndiyo muridzi wemuparidzi mukuru Random House,
uye nezvimwe zvakawanda mune zvenhau. Bertelsmann “ndeyenyika
gungano rechitatu pakukura," Bagdikian anoshuma, "nezvakawanda
varidzi vemagazini, mapepanhau, mimhanzi, terevhizheni, kutengeserana pamhepo, mafirimu,
uye redhiyo munyika 53.” Edza kuisa bhuku rekutsvaga kune Random
Mupepeti weimba nezve njodzi yekubatanidzwa kwenhau dzepasi rose.
Zvakanaka, unogona kuzvinyaradza nekufunga nezve cyberspace. Funga futi.
Iyo inotungamira Internet sevhisi inopa, America Online, iri kusanganisa ne
yatova-nhamba-imwe Nguva Warner- uye iyo itsva femu AOL Nguva Warner ingadaro
kuve nezvakawanda zvekurasikirwa kupfuura chero mubatanidzwa kana sangano rakakura richida
antitrust chiito kurwisa media conglomerates.Pakati pekushambadzira kwese kwekutengesa kwemawebhusaiti anotengeswa zvakanyanya,
AOL inotungamira vanyoreri vayo mamirioni makumi maviri nemaviri munzira dzakawanda-uye, mune
ramangwana, zvinopihwa zveTime Warner zvichanyanya kuratidzwa.
Kunyange ichiita kunge masuwo eiyo cybergalaxy yakakura, AOL's favourite links
icharamba yakanyanyisa kushamwaridzana mukati meiyo chaiyo cul-de-sac.Hype nezve midhiya mitsva inoita kunge isina muganhu, nepo isingagutsikane nzara yekare
purofiti yakawanda inozadza zvisingaverengeki skrini. Centralization ndiyo yakarongeka ye
media zuva. Sokutaura kunoita Bagdikian: “Simba nepesvedzero zvomukuru
makambani anodzikisirwa nekuaverenga se‘matanhatu.’ Akabatanidzwa:
ivo vane stock mune mumwe nemumwe, vanobatirana mumubatanidzwa wenhau dzezvenhau, uye
pakati pavo vanogovana purofiti kubva kune mamwe ezvirongwa zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya
paterevhizheni, tambo nemabhaisikopo.”Isu tinogona kusada mafemu makuru enhau emunyika, asi izvozvi ivo
hazvina basa nezvatinofunga. A yakasimba antitrust movement yakanangana ne
Big Six inogona kuchinja kusakendenga kwakadaro nekukasira. Z
Norman Solomon mutori wenhau akabatanidzwa. Bhuku rake razvino ndere The
Tsika dzeMedhia Inonyengera Yakanyanya.