Hongu, the Doomsday Clock inoramba ichikwenya - iko zvino kwave pamasekonzi makumi mapfumbamwe kusvika pakati pehusiku, maererano ne Bulletin yeAtomic Scientists - asi iyo yekupedzisira nguva bhomba haambowana kutariswa kwaanofanirwa. Kunyange bviro yokuparadza kwenyukireya yaswedera pedyo, zviratidzo zvenyevero zvakawanda zvezana rino ramakore zvinoramba zvakaita Cassandras.
Mutungamiriri wenyika VaGeorge Bush naVaDonald Trump vakabvisa United States pazvibvumirano zvakakosha pakati peUS neRussia, masimba maviri enyukireya, kuvhara Anti-Ballistic Missile, Vhura Matenga, uye Pakati-Range Nuclear Forces zvibvumirano. Uye kunyangwe vakavimbisa neimwe nzira, Vatungamiriri Barack Obama naJoe Biden hapana chavakaita kuvamutsiridza.
Pasi pezwi rekuti "mazuva ano," hurumende yeAmerica, thermonuclear colossus, yakashandiswa. $ 51 bhiriyoni gore rapfuura chete kuvandudza nekuchengetedza zvombo zvayo zvenyukireya, zvichiwedzera kusimba muhurongwa hwakarongerwa kuenderera mberi kwemakumi emakore ari kuuya. "Kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza zvombo zvenyukireya zvazvino uye zvivakwa zvinofungidzirwa kuita $ 1.7 trillion kuburikidza neFiscal Year 2046," hofisi yaSenator Edward Markey (D-MA) Ratidza, "apo hofisi yeBudget yeCongressional ichifungidzira kuti kugadzirisa nyukireya kwemazuva ano kunoda $494 bhiriyoni kuburikidza neFiscal Year 2028."
Huwandu hwakadaro hunogona kuratidza kupokana kwakanaka kunopesana nehurongwa hwezvombo, asi Sekuru Sam vane homwe dzakadzama dzezvombo zvenyukireya uye ruzhinji rwemamwe mabhomba ehondo. Kutaura zvazviri, kana zvichienzaniswa nemitengo yekuendesa mauto akawanda, zvombo zvenyukireya zvingaita sezvisingakoshesi. Uye funga mutengo unoshamisa wemutakuri wendege imwe chete wakaenda kushanda muna 2017, iyo Gerald R. Ford: $13.3 bhiriyoni.
Huuto hwehumbavha hunobva muvanhu hwave hwakanyanyisa, seMutungamiri Dwight D. Eisenhower. yakajekeswa muhurukuro ya1953:
Pfuti iri yose inogadzirwa, ngarava dzose dzehondo dzinobudiswa, roketi rose rinopfurwa zvinoreva, mupfungwa yokupedzisira, kuba kune vaya vane nzara uye vasingadyiswa, vaya vanotonhora uye vasina kupfeka. Nyika ino mune zvombo haisi kushandisa mari chete. Riri kupedza ziya revashandi varo, nyanzvi dzesainzi, tariro yevana varoโฆ Iyi haisi nzira yehupenyu zvachose, mune chero pfungwa yechokwadi. Pasi pegore rehondo inotyisidzira, vanhu vakarembera pamuchinjikwa wesimbi.โ
Iyo Nuclear Complex uye "Crackpot Realism"
Panyaya yemabhajeti ezvombo zvenyukireya, iwo ma tag makuru emutengo ari - mupfungwa yakakwana inofungidzirika - mamakisi ekusimudzira, systemic, kumhanyisa kuenda. omnicide, kuparadzwa kwevanhu. Zvichakadaro, izvo zvinopfuudzira gakava paCapitol Hill zvinogara zvichiitwa mune yakasvibira-yeziso hurukuro, kuongorora iyo inodhura-inoshanda inoburitsa kufambisa Amagedhoni, pane kukakavara huchenjeri hwekuchengetedza uye kuwedzera nhangemutange yezvombo zvenyukireya pakutanga.
Tora, semuenzaniso, nhau dzichangoburwa pamusoro pekukwira kwemutengo kune ballyhooed Sentinel land-based missile system, pamabhodhi ekudhirowa kutsiva iripo intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) mu400 underground silos ari muColorado, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, uye Wyoming. Northrop Grumman yakatoisa muhomwe chibvumirano chemadhora mabhiriyoni gumi nematatu ekutanga kufambisa chirongwa ichi mberi. Asi mitengo yange ichikwira kumusoro nekukasira kumisa mabhero muCongress, zvichimanikidza kuongororwazve.
"Chirongwa chitsva cheUS Air Force cheintercontinental ballistic missile chiri panjodzi yekupfutidza mari yayakange yaita mabhiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu emadhora zvakanyanya zvekuti kuwanda kunogona kukonzeresa ongororo yekuti vomisa chirongwa ichi," Bloomberg News. Zvinonzi pakati paDecember. Kubva ipapo, kufungidzirwa kwekuwedzera kwakangoramba kuchikwira. Mwedzi wapera, Northrop Grumman akaburitsa pachena kuti mutengo wepa-missile wechirongwa wakakwira ne "37 muzana," kusvika $162 miriyoni - uye, seBreaking Defense. akadaro, Munyori weDziviriro Lloyd Austin aizoda "kusimbisa chirongwa ichi kuti chirege kudzima."
Pane imwe nhanho, kudzima kwaizoreverera nzira yakatorwa nemapoka akatarisana nekushomeka makore mashoma apfuura pavakaedza kumisa kusikwa kweSentinel nekupokana kuti ingave "mari gomba chombo.โ Asi padanho rakadzama, gakava remutengo - nepo angangokunda kuvharisa Sentinel - anorasikirwa kana zvasvika pakudzikisa njodzi yehondo yenyukireya, iyo ICBMs inosimudzira sechikamu chepasi chenyika ino nyukireya.
Sezvo Daniel Ellsberg neni akanyora mu nyika muna 2021, "Kana kuderedza njodzi dzehondo yenyukireya chiri chinangwa, chinonyanya kukosha chinofanira kunge chiri kubvisa gumbo repasi-risingagadzirisike." Kubvisa ICBMs ringava danho rakakosha kana tasvika pakudzikisa njodzi idzi, nekuti "kusiyana nezvombo zvenyukireya pazvikepe zvepasi pemvura kana mabhomba, zvombo zvepasi zviri panjodzi yekurwiswa uye zvinogona kupa mukuru mukuru nekukasira kuzvishandisa-kana-kana. -varasikirwa nesarudzo." Ndosaka ma ICBM ari pabvudzi-yekusimudza chenjedzo uye nei kukunda chete Sentinel kungave kuhwina kwechokwadi kwePyrrhic kana kudiwa kwaiitwa kwezvombo zvepasi-pasi kwakasimbiswa zvakare mukuita.
Mune dzidziso, kuvharira Sentinel nekuishora sekudhura zvakanyanya kunogona kuve nhanho yekudzima ICBM zvachose. Mukuita, zvinosuwisa, nharo yemitengo yagara ichitungamira mukusimbirira kuti ikozvino Minuteman III ICBMs inogona kungokwidziridzwa uye kuenderera mberi nekushanda saizvozvo - ichingosimbisa fungidziro yekuti maICBM anodiwa pekutanga.
Munyori weiyo pathbreaking 2022 kudzidza "Mutengo chaiwo weICBMs,โ Emma Claire Foley, ava shamwari yangu pa RootsAction.org, kwaanoronga Dzidzisa Hondo Yenyukireya coalition itsva mushandirapamwe wekubvisa ICBMs. "Nhau dzekudhura kwakanyanya kwechirongwa cheSentinel hazvishamisi, asi handifunge kuti pachezvazvo zvinofanirwa kukurudzira vamiriri vezvombo," akandiudza nguva pfupi yadarika. โKukanzurwa kwechirongwa cheSentinel hakuenzani nekudzikiswa kwenhamba yezvombo zvenyukireya, kana njodzi yehondo yenyukireya. Zvinotora sangano revanhu vakawanda kuti riite zvakanaka pamukana uyu wekudzikisa zvine musoro njodzi yehondo yenyukireya. "
Iko kukakavara kuri kuitika kweICBM ndomumwe muenzaniso wepamusoro-soro werudzi rwechigamba icho vatsigiri vezvombo vanogarotarisana narwo muWashington, uko kupa ongororo yakavakirwa muhutsanana hunenge huchionekwa se "haisi yechokwadi." Nekune rimwe divi, kana zvasvika kunyaya dzenyukireya, kugarisana neโcrackpot realismโ ndiwo mamiriro ekutorwa zvakakomba nevafambisi uye vanozunza paCapitol Hill uye mubazi guru.
Kugara kwakadaro kunosanganisira kugadzirisa kuhukuru hwehurongwa hwehupenzi hunenge husinganzwisisike. Vatsigiri vezvombo vanowanzotarisana nesarudzo yakanyarara pakati pekuita sekusina kukosha kuhupirisita hwenyukireya nevatsigiri vahwo kana kusundira kugadziridzwa kudiki mune izvo Daniel Ellsberg, mumusoro webhuku rake rekupedzisira rechiratidzo, rakadaidzwa nemazvo. The Doomsday Machine.
Mapoka emunyika ino anorwisa zvombo zvenyukireya neanobvisa zvombo ane zvishoma munhepfenyuro. Uye zvakanyanya kujeka kwavari mukupokana zvakananga nehurumende kusamira kwenyukireya - nemhedzisiro inogona kusanganisira mabhiriyoni ekufa kubva "nyukliya yechandoโ โ kushomeka kwezvinobudisa nhau zvavanokwanisa kuwana. Apo Mutungamiri Biden reneged pachitsidzo chake chemuna 2020 chekutora mutemo wekusa-kutanga-kushandisa pazvombo zvenyukireya, semuenzaniso, kudzoreredza kwakanyanya munhau kwaive kushoma uye kwenguva pfupi. Kuburitswa kwenhau kudiki kwakaitika apo nhamba diki yenhengo dzeCongress dzakabuda munzira yekupikisa.
"Nehurombo," Marky akati muhurukuro yakaitwa padare reSeneti makore maviri apfuura, โutongi hwedu hwegutsaruzhinji hweAmerica uye hutongi hwejekerere hweRussia zvinogovana chinhu chimwe chete chakafanana: Masangano edu ese anopa vatungamiri veUnited States neRussia masimba akafanana namwari anozivikanwa sechiremera chega chekugumisa hupenyu panyika. tinozviziva nekuraira kurwisa kwenyukireya kwekutanga."
Nuclear Madness uye Psychic Numbing
Chero kurova kwenyukireya kwekutanga kungangotungamira kuhondo yenyukireya yakazara. Uye sainzi iri pachena kuti "nyukliya yechandoโ yaizotevera - muEllsberg's mashoko, โkunouraya goho munyika yose uye kufa nenzara kusvika pakufa anenge munhu wose ari panyika. Pamwe hazvaizokonzera kutsakatika. Isu tinochinjika. Zvichida 1% yehuwandu hwedu hwazvino hwe7.4 bhiriyoni inogona kurarama, asi 98% kana 99% havangadaro.
Kunyura kwakadaro mukupisa kwepasi kungapfuura fungidziro yakaipisisa yemigumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kunyange kana mune rimwe divi, tembiricha ine hungwaru. Asi vatungamiriri vesangano remamiriro ekunze havawanzo taura nezvekugona kwezvombo zvenyukireya kuparadza mamiriro ekunze epasi nenzira yakasiyana nekudziya kwepasi. Kusiiwa ikoko kunoratidza kukunda kunoenderera mberi kwehupengo hwenyukireya uye "psychic numbingโ inoiperekedza.
Munguva inopfuura zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvezana remakore kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 1945, apo hurumende yeUS yakadonhedza mabhomba eatomu paHiroshima neNagasaki, nyanzvi yenyukireya yakabuda mubhodhoro ichienda kune dzimwe nyika sere - Russia, France, United Kingdom, China, Pakistan. , India, Israel, neNorth Korea - vose vave kuratidza zvombo zvavo zvekupedzisira zvekuparadza kukuru. Uye masimba makuru enyukireya anoramba achikanganisa Chibvumirano pane Asiri-Kuwedzera kweNyukireya Zvombo.
Makiyi masimba haana kumbochinja kubvira, muna 2006, iyo Center for International Governance Innovation yakaburitsa ongororo yakaitwa iyo. akapedzisa: "Europe neNorth America dziri mushishi kutsigira zvombo zvenyukireya sehwamanda yekuchengeteka uye chiratidzo chikuru chemasimba ezvematongerwo enyika, nokudaro vachivaka mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika / chengetedzo ari kuwedzera kuvengana nekusapararira."
SaBarack Obama pamberi pake, Joe Biden akavimbisa dzimwe shanduko dzinodiwa mumitemo yenyukireya panguva yekubudirira kwake kuhwina White House, asi angove muhofisi - sezvakaita mhiko dzaObama โ idzo mhiko dzinokurudzira dzakashanduka kuva utsi hwakawanda. Utongi hwakamirirwa kwenguva refu Nuclear Posture Ongororo (NPR), yakapihwa muna Gumiguru 2022, yaive yakanyanya dhamo rekupenga kwenyukireya. "Kunyangwe Joe Biden panguva yesarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika akataura zvakasimba achitsigira kusashandisa-kutanga kushandisa uye chinangwa chega, NPR inoramba zviri zviviri izvozvi," Federation of American Scientists. akachema. "Kubva pakudzora zvombo uye maonero ekudzikisa njodzi, NPR inoodza mwoyo. Zvakamboedza kudzikisa zvombo zvenyukireya uye basa rinoitwa nezvombo zvenyukireya rakakundwa nemakwikwi ezvekudyidzana kunze kwenyika uye kushorwa kubva kumhandu dzedziviriro kumba. "
Yakaomeswa nehutongi hweBiden neCongress, masangano mazhinji nevaratidziri vanoshanda panhau dzezvombo zvenyukireya vakakurudzirwa nebhaisikopo re blockbuster. Oppenheimer, promoted kubva pakutanga semutambi anonakidza nezve "J. Robert Oppenheimer, murume akajeka anofanira kuisa njodzi yekuparadza nyika kuti aiponese. " Kwemwedzi yakati wandei bhaisikopo risati raburitswa muna Chikunguru apfuura, varatidziri vakagadzirira kurishandisa senzira yekukurukura neruzhinji nezvezvombo zvenyukireya. Firimu racho rakaita ruzha rwakanyanya uye rakamutsa nhaurirano yeruzhinji yenyukki muUnited States kupfuura yaive yaitika mumakumi emakore. Iyo bhaisikopo yaive neanokatyamadza maitiro ekugadzira. Nehurombo, hunhu hwayo hwevanhu hwaive husina kunaka, kunyanya sezvo vanhu vari pakupera kwekugamuchira kwehunyanzvi hwesainzi kuLos Alamos muHiroshima neNagasaki (uye. kunyange pasi pasi muNew Mexico) yakaramba isiri-screen.
Ndichiona bhaisikopo, ndakafunga nezve kushanya kwangu kuLos Alamos National Laboratory anenge makore makumi matanhatu mushure mekukunda kweTriniti bvunzo yeatomu. Munguva yekubvunzurudzwa, mumwe wenyanzvi dzehukama neveruzhinji ipapo akatsanangura kuti sangano repamutemo rinotarisira Los Alamos lab "yaive iine chikwereti chekambani." Izvo zvaiita sekupfupisa kushayikwa kwehurombo kwehurumende yedu yekuzvidavirira kune nyukireya yepasi redu.
Mushure memwedzi mitanhatu Oppenheimer yakasvika pazvizhinji, maitiro ayo ezvematongerwo enyika anoita kunge ari pedyo ne zero. Zvinhu zvinovhiringidza zvemufirimu uyu zvakarima pasi, asi - pasina sangano rakasimba rekubvisa zvombo kana hutungamiri hunobudirira pakati pevakuru vakuru muWashington panyaya dzezvombo zvenyukireya - mbeu shoma yakaitika.
Pakupera kwaNdira, vatsigiri vakacherechedza zuva rekutanga H. Res. 77, bhiri rinotsigirwa neMumiriri Jim McGovern weMassachusetts uye rakatsigirwa nedzimwe nhengo makumi mana nembiri dzeImba yacho, "kuchitambira zvinangwa nezviga zveChibvumirano cheKurambidzwa kweNuclear Weapons." Iyi nhanho isingasungiri inopfupisa njodzi yenyika yenyukireya uye inopa kurudziro yakakosha, kutanga nekudaidzira kuti United States iite nekushingairira kupedzisa uye kupedzisa "nhaurirano pamusoro pechibvumirano chitsva, chenyika mbiri yenyukireya chekudzivirira uye kusabvisa zvombo neRussia Federation" pamwe nechinangwa. hurukuro "neChina nedzimwe nyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya."
Kurudziro yakananga mubhiri iri inosanganisira: โkurasa sarudzo yekutanga kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya; kugumisa masimba eMutungamiriri ega ekutanga kurwisa kwenyukireya; kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya zveUnited States kubva kune bvudzi-rinomutsa alert; uye kukanzura hurongwa hwekutsiva zvombo zvenyukireya zveUnited States nezvombo zvechizvinozvino, zvakawedzerwa.โ
Icho chokwadi chekuti gumi muzana chete chenhengo dzeImba dzakatosarudza kutsigira chigadziriso chinoratidza kuti tinofanira kusvika papi kuti titange kuisa mabhureki pamujaho wezvombo zvenyukireya unotyisidzira kuparadza - zvese chaizvo - zvese.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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