Mumwe muzvinafundo weNhoroondo yeUnited States wandinoziva anondiudza nyaya inofadza kubva mukupera kwaKurume wa2003. “Vangani venyu,” akabvunza kirasi yake yeU.S. History mwedzi iwoyo wakashata, “tsigira hondo yeAmerica paIraq. Zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevadzidzi 100 vaiva muhoro yake yehurukuro vakasimudza maoko avo. “Zvakanaka,” akadaro, “vangani venyu vakagadzirira kupinda muchiuto kuti vapinde muhondo?” Rumwe ruoko rwakasimudza mubvunzo wechipiri.
Chikamu chekutanga cheSvondo rapfuura New York Times chine chinyorwa chinonakidza chakanzi "Vose Vakanyarara Pamba Pamberi uye Mamwe Masoja Ari Kubvunza Sei." Munyori wenyaya Thom Shanker anodudza akati wandei evakuru vemauto eAmerica uye nyanzvi dzedzidzo pamusoro pekusabatana pakati peUnited States yakaziviswa zviri pamutemo kuzvipira kuita "Hondo Yehugandanga" uye kusada kwevaAmerica kuzvipira mukutsigira hondo iyoyo. Kuona kusavapo kwechero "hurukuro yakakomba" ye "kuwedzera kwemutero kumanikidza vanhu vekuAmerica kuvhara mabhiriyoni mashanu emadhora pamwedzi mumitengo kubva kuIraq, Afghanistan uye mitsva yekurwisa hugandanga" uye kushaikwa kwe "kuedza kwakabatana senge yekuchengetedza bond drive kana chiyero chepeturu. izvo zvakabatsira kubatanidza nyika kuseri kwemauto ayo ekurwa muhondo dzakapfuura, "Shanker anodzokorora murwi wevarwi vehondo yeIraq kuita zvinokatyamadza. “Hapana munhu muAmerica anokumbirwa kubayira,” anodaro mukuru mukuru uyu, “kunze kwedu.” Nekuti “isu,” anoreva mauto ane zvombo.
Shanker anotorawo mashoko anoremekedzwa nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Charles Moskos, anoshoropodza chaanodaidza kuti vanhu vekuAmerica "patriotism lite," apo "vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vanotya kubvunza veruzhinji kuzvipira chaiko." Izvi, Moskos anodaro, "hazvitauri zvakanyanya nezvevagari." “Kunenge,” anodaro mumwe mukuru mukuru weuto reUnited States akarega basa, “sokunge vezvematongerwo enyika vanoda kukwanisa kuzivisa hondo uye panguva imwe chete vachiramba vaine pfungwa yokuita zvinhu sezvazviri” ( Thom Shanker, “All Quiet on the Home Front and Some Soldiers Are Are. Kubvunza Sei," New York Times, 24 Chikunguru, 2005, A17)
Pane zvakawanda zvinoshaikwa muchinyorwa chaShanker, zvinoenderana nekusada kwevatapi venhau vekuUS kutora zvakakomba kusvika pakupatsanurwa kwevanhu vekuAmerica pamwe nemitsara ine hukama yekirasi nesimba. Hapana chinhu pamusoro pechibayiro chakatemerwa mamiriyoni akawanda evarombo uye vamwe vanoshaya vekuAmerica vari kuona zvirongwa zvekugarisana nevamwe zvakachekwa kubhadhara zvinouraya, zvinounza kushomeka kwemari yakakura ye "kudzivirira" (empire) nekuderedzwa kukuru kwemitero kune vapfumi. Hapana chinhu pamusoro pemamiriyoni evashandi vekuAmerica vakadzingwa basa nekushomeka kukuru kwekutengeserana kweAmerica, uko kunowedzerwa nekutsunga kwehutongi hweBush kupa mukana wekushandiswa kwemauto pamusoro pe "nyika" yehupfumi. Hapana chinhu pamusoro pekutsunga kwehutongi hweBush kushandisa "hondo yehugandanga" (yakawedzera zvinoshamisa kuti ibatanidze kutorwa kweIraq, nyika isina gandanga kana kumwe kutyisidzira kuUS muna 2003) sevhavha yehurongwa hwemagariro epamba (kupfuura kungoramba "kuwedzera mutero" kubhadhara kuhondo) inopa zvipo zvakakura (mutero uye neimwe nzira) kune vashoma vane rombo. Hapana, hongu, nezve rusaruraganda, imperialist, uye (zvinoshamisa zvakakwana) hunhu hwehugandanga hwe "hondo yehugandanga," inoratidzwa zvakanyanya mumajeri ekugara kweUS uye mukusava nehanya kwakakura kunoratidzwa nehurumende yeAmerica nevezvenhau kune vazhinji vasina mhosva maArabu. vakawirwa nezviito zvemauto eUS kuMiddle East - "kukuvadzwa" kwakasarudzika kweanofungidzirwa kuti "kusunungurwa" kweAmerica. Hapana chinhu pamusoro pemusiyano uripo pakati pekutyisidzira kwechokwadi kunopokana kwakaunzwa kune vekuAmerica neiyo chaiyo fascist Axis ye1940s (apo Sekuru Sam vakabudirira kusimudzira bhondi rekuchengetedza uye peturu-yekugovera madhiraivha "kubatanidza nyika kuseri kwemauto ayo ekurwa") uye yakaitwa uye yekufungidzira. kutyisidzira kwakaunzwa neIraq (chimwe chikamu cheBush chinosekesa 2002 "State of the Union" kuvaka - iyo "Axis of Evil") muna 2002 uye 2003.
Pane zvishoma zvakataurwa pamusoro pekusava nechokwadi kwevagari veAmerica pamusoro pekupinda kwaBush muIraq uye kutsunga kwake kubatanidza kurwisa uku ne "hondo yehugandanga." Sekutenda kwake, zvakadaro, Shanker anotora mumwe mudzidzi anonzwisisa anoti "veruzhinji" vanoona "basa ririkuenderera mberi muIraq… neimwe nzira pane kurwisa kwehugandanga paivhu reAmerica." "Veruzhinji vanoda zvakanyanya kutsigira mauto" muIraq, purofesa uyu anoti, "asi havatendi chaizvo mumishini. Vazhinji vanoiona sehondo yesarudzo, uye ruzhinji - kunyangwe mutete - vanofunga kuti yaive sarudzo isiriyo. "
Kusava nechokwadi kwakadaro kuhondo yaBush kuIraq chimwe chinhu chakasiyana naDr. Moskos '"patriotism lite." Zvinoita kunge kuda nyika kwaitwa nemazvo, iyo inotaura zvakanyanya nezvechikamu chakakosha chevagari. Inoramba kuteerera kweupofu kukutaura kunonyengera kwevakuru vemauto vanoda kubvumirwa kwevazhinji kuhondo dzisiri pamutemo maererano neshoko reutongi, "Nyika Yangu, Yakarurama kana Yakaipa."
Zvakadaro, kune kurwisana kwechokwadi kunoramba kuchienderera mberi pakati pezvakaoma, zvekuuraya zvinodiwa zvechiuto uye zvinyoro, "zvakajairwa" -kushuvira zvinodiwa zveAmerican consumer capitalism, iyo inoedza kudzikisa hugari hwegutsaruzhinji kune vasingapindirwe uye kazhinji kacho kutsvaga, kutenga, uye kunakidzwa. zvezvinhu. Mhosva ye "patriotism lite" inoshanda zvine musoro kune chikamu chakakosha chevanhu vekuAmerica vanogutsikana kurega vazhinji vanoshanda-vazhinji vachirwa uye kufa mumakwikwi ehumambo ayo ivo pachavo vanoramba kuzvipira munzira huru. "Tsigirai Mauto Edu" inongogara yakachipa sirogani kumashure kweakawanda emudhorobha gasi-guzzling maSUV akatakurwa nevana venhabvu vepakati uye vanaMai naBaba vakapfuma vasingambo pinza vana vavo munjodzi yehumambo hweAmerica iyo inovimba zvakanyanya. zvachose (sezvakaratidzwa naMoskos nevamwe) pavana veAmerica varombo uye vanoshanda makirasi. Hapana painoti sirogani yakachipa kupfuura muhofisi yeovhari, ane Mwanakomana Fortunate anogara George "Bring 'Em On" Bush anoenderera mberi nerekodhi yake yeVietnam-nguva yekufarira varombo uye vatema vamwe vanhu vekuAmerica kusvika pakufa uye kuparadza mukushambadzira kwehumambo hunotengeswa nehutsinye hwaanofarira iye pachake. sit out.
Paul Street ([email inodzivirirwa]) munyori uye muongorori muChicago, IL. Ndiye munyori we Empire uye Kusaenzana: America neNyika Kubva 9/11 (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2004) uye Zvikoro Zvakaparadzaniswa: Race, Kirasi, uye Dzidzo Rusaruraganda muPost-Civil Rights Era (New York, NY : Routledge, 2005)