*Mutongo wedare redzimhosva muMemphis mukupera kwegore rapfuura wakakonzera kusagadzikana pakati peveruzhinji, asi unogona kunge wakabata pfungwa dzaDick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, nevamwe vakuru vakuru veBush administration. Dare redzimhosva rakawana Colonel Nicolas Carranza, aimbova Mutevedzeri weGurukota reDziviriro yeEl Salvador uye zvino mugari wemuUS anogara muMemphis, ane mhosva yekutarisira kushungurudzwa nekuuraya munyika iyoyo makore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura. 25
Carranza akamhan'arirwa nevakabatwa nemauto ari pasi pekutonga kwake. Dare redzimhosva rakashandisa chirevo cheโcommand responsibility,โ icho chine mukuru ane mhosva yepamutemo yekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu nevari pasi kana mukuru mukuru wacho aiziva kana kuti aifanira kuziva nezvavo uye akakundikana kuvadzivisa kana kuranga vakazviita.
Vazivisi vesangano rehungwaru munguva pfupi yapfuura vakaburitsa kuABC News runyoro rwe "Enhanced Interrogation Techniques" nhanhatu dzakatenderwa vashandi veCIA pakati paKurume 2002. Mapurisa, sekureva kweABC News mushumo, vakaita izvi "nekuti veruzhinji vanofanirwa kuziva gwara resangano ravo. akasarudza." 2
Maitiro acho aisanganisira โWater Boarding:โ โMusungwa anosungirirwa pabhodhi rakarerekera, tsoka dzakasimudzwa uye musoro zvishoma pasi petsoka. Cellophane inoputirwa pachiso chemusungwa uye inodirwa mvura pamusoro pake. Nenzira isingadzivisiki, gag reflex inopinda mukati uye kutya kunotyisa kunyura kunotungamira kune zvinenge zvikumbiro zvekukurumidza kumisa kurapwa. " Vakuru veCIA vakazviisa pasi pehunyanzvi uhu hwakatora avhareji yemasekonzi gumi nemana vasati vapinda. Sekureva kwaJohn Sifton weHuman Rights Watch, "Izvo zvakaenzana nekuurayiwa kwekunyomba, izvo zvisiri pamutemo pasi pemutemo wenyika dzakawanda." 14
Mutungamiri Bush akati "Hatitambudzi." 4
Asi maererano nemushumo wakasiyana-siyana wakaitwa naInspector General John Helgerwon weCIA, nzira dzacho dzakaita seโdzinoumba utsinye uye kubatwa zvisina kunaka pasi pegungano re[Geneva].โ 5
Kana zvakadaro, vanogona kunge vari mhosva kwete pasi pemutemo wepasirese chete, asi pasi peUS Anti-Torture and War Crimes Act.
Kwavakabvuma kushungurudzwa kwevasungwa, vakuru veBush manejimendi vanogara vachizvipomera "maapuro akaipa" pazasi pecheni yekuraira. Asi pasi pemusimboti wekuraira mutoro, ichi hachisi chikonzero-uye hapana dziviriro yemutemo.
Mubatsiri wepamusoro waColin Powell, Colonel Larry Wilkerson, akataura kupera kwegore rapfuura kuti United States yakatambudza uye "Hapana mubvunzo mupfungwa dzangu uko kutungamira kwehuzivi uye kuchinjika kuitira kuti vadaro zvakatangira-mumutevedzeri wemutungamiri weUnited States." office.โ
Sekureva kwaWilkerson, "Mushandisi wake munyaya iyi aive Donald Rumsfeld neDhipatimendi reDziviriro." Wilkerson akatsanangura, "Mutevedzeri wemutungamiri aifanira kuvhara izvi kuti zviitike uye kuti Secretary Rumsfeld anzwe sekunge ane rusununguko rwekuita." 6
Aimbova mutungamiriri mujeri reAbu Ghraib, Brig. Gen. Janis Karpinski, anotsinhira kupomera kwaWilkerson: Nzira dzokutuka nadzo paAbu Ghraib โdzakapiwa nechiremera chakazara nezivo yomunyori wezvekudzivirirwa uye zvimwe Cheney.โ 7
Uyu hausi mubvunzo wekushungurudzwa kwakapfuura. Maererano naWilkerson, "Hapana mubvunzo mupfungwa dzangu kuti tinogona kunge tichiri kuzviita." Kana mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weUnited States "akakurudzira Congress achimiririra chirango chine hutsinye uye chisina kujairika" Wilkerson anoti anogona "kungofungidzira" kuti "zvichiri kuitika." 8
Vabvunzwa kana Cheney aine mhosva yehondo, Col. Wilkerson akati zvakaitwa nemutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika imhosva yemumba uye, angafungidzira, "mhosva yepasi rose." 9
Kuferefeta kwemhosva kunobvumirwa apo chokwadi kana mamiriro ezvinhu โanoratidza zvine musoroโ kuti mhosva yaparwa. 11
Kana I. Lewis โScooterโ Libby nevamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanogona kuferefetwa nekuda kwekubuda kwaValerie Plame, handizvo here chokwadi โchinoratidza zvine musoroโ mhosva dzehondo uye mhosva dzinoitirwa vanhu dzakakodzera nguva yakaenzana?
Vakuru veBush administration vakataura kakawanda kuti vakaita maererano nemutemo. Kana zvakadaro, havana chavanotya kubva pakuferefeta uye vanofanirwa kukurudzira munhu kubvisa mhepo.
United States inofanirwa kuve ne "kururamisira kwakaenzana pasi pemutemo." Colonel Carranza anga aine zuva rake mudare. Isu sevagari vemo-uye vachuchisi vedu, vatongi, uye vamiriri vakasarudzwa-tinofanirwa kugadzirisa mubvunzo: Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri Cheney, Secretary Rumsfeld, nevamwe vavo vachawana riini yavo?
1. Julia Preston, "Ex-Salvador Colonel Anorayirwa Kubhadhara Mhosva Dzinopesana Nevanhu," /New York Times, /November 19, 2005; "El Salvador: Col. Nicolas Carranza," Center for Justice and Accountability, www.cja.org/cases/carranza.shtml
/ Nyanzvi yezvemitemo Brendan Smith uye munyori wenhoroondo Jeremy Brecher ndivo vapepeti, naJill Cutler, we/MuZita reDemocracy: Mhosva dzeHondo yeAmerica muIraq uye Beyond.