I was recently asked to do a short essay on “Engaging the State” for the innovative new Left Turn Magazine. My submission appears below…
Kuita Hurumende - Nhasi uye Mangwana
Yakanyorwa naMichael Albert
Kuti ubatanidze nyika munhu anofanira kupindura mibvunzo miviri yakakosha. Tinoda chii zvino? Chii chatinoda gare gare?
Parizvino, tinoda kuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu kubva pakumisa hondo uye kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose kusvika pakuvandudza mitemo yesarudzo, kuhwina danho rakakomba, kugoverazve mari, kutungamira bhajeti remubatanidzwa, uye kukunda mitemo iri nani yevashandi.
Kuti tihwine budiriro dzakadai, tichafanirwa kuvaka mafambiro anokwidza mari yakakwana yemagariro kuitira kuti vepamusoro vasave nechisarudzo kunze kwekungozvipira kune zvatinoda. Asi kuhwina zvibodzwa zvenguva pfupi hazvifanire kuve chinangwa chedu chete. Hatifanire kurwira kuwana pfuma nhasi kuti tiende kumba mangwana. Tinofanira kurwira kuwana zvine mwero nhasi kuti tienderere mberi kune zvakawanda uye zvakakura kuwana mangwana.
Nezve zvematongerwo enyika, mune ramangwana tinoda kuzadzisa mutemo wezvimiro, kutonga kwemakakatanwa, uye kuita mapurojekiti akaungana anowirirana nehunhu hunodiwa.
VaStephen Shalom, pakati pevamwe, vakaita basa rekuburitsa chiono chezvematongerwo enyika mumubatanidzwa wezvematongerwo enyika, kana kuti parpolity kwenguva pfupi. Anopokana kuti hunhu hwakanaka hunofanirwa kuburitsa kubatana kwete kupokana nemagariro uye hunofanirwa kukoshesa uye kuunza kusiyana pane kuita homogenizing sarudzo. Ruramisiro ndiyo imwe yepakati kukosha kwezvematongerwo enyika Shalom anosimbisa, achigadzirisa kugoverwa kwekodzero uye mabasa, kusanganisira kugadzirisa kwekutyorwa kwekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu, uye kuzvitonga ndiyo yechina inotungamira kukosha kwake. Mutambi wega wega munharaunda anofanira kupesvedzera sarudzo zvichienderana nezvaanobatwa nazvo.
Pamutemo Shalom anomiririra "makanzura anested" uko "makanzuru ekutanga achasanganisira munhu mukuru munharaunda. Nhamba yenhengo mumakanzuru aya ekutanga [zvinogona kunge iri] pakati pe25-50. "
Everyone is in one of these basic political units situated where people live. Some folks are elected to higher level councils as well since “each primary-level council will choose a delegate to a second-level council” where “each second-level council [would again] be composed of 25-50 delegates.” And this would proceed again, for another layer, and another, “until there is one single top-level council for the entire society.”
Nhume dzedare repamusoro rimwe nerimwe “dzaizopiwa mhosva yekuedza kuratidza maonero chaiwo ekanzuru yavakabva.” Ukuwo, “havaizoudzwa kuti ‘ndiwo mavhoti amunofanira kuvhota,’ nokuti dai vaiva panguva iyoyo dare repamusoro ravaipinda ringadai risiri sangano remaune.
Shalom suggests that “the number of members on each council should be determined on the basis of a society-wide decision … to [be] small enough to guarantee that people can be involved in deliberative … face-to-face discussions; but big enough so that (1) there is adequate diversity included; and (2) the number of layers of councils … is minimized.”
Mumakanzuru aya enhaurirano uye eruzhinji kuvhota pamusoro pezvimiro nehurongwa hwemubatanidzwa kunoitika. Mukati memiganho yenguva uye kukosha kwezvimwe zvinhu, makanzuru anopa kuzvitonga ega kuita sarudzo. Iko kusanganiswa chaiko kwekuvhota pahwaro maringe nemakanzuru epamusoro uye nzira dzekupa, kukakavadzana, uye kuverengera maonero anonyanyoenderana nekuzvitonga kuchabuda mukuita. Asi mashoko akasiyaniswa, muhurongwa hwakanaka hwezvematongerwo enyika, Shalom anoti bazi rezvemitemo richavakwa vakatarisana nekanzuru vachitaurirana pachena vachishandisa nzira dzekufambisa mashoko, gakava, uye kuverengera zvine chinangwa chekupa vese vanozviita kuzvitonga kuti vataure pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvinovabata. .
Zvakadini nemabasa makuru? Funga nezve kuendesa tsamba, kana yekuongorora uye kuyedza kumanikidza kubuda kwechirwere, kana kufunga nezvekuchengetedza nharaunda mabasa.
Zvese izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa uye kugova chikamu chinobatwa nezvimiro zvehupfumi, zvinosanganisira, munharaunda yakanaka, mabasa akaenzana kubvisa kupatsanura kwekirasi, kubhadhara kwekuedza uye kuzvipira kuti uwane mubairo wakakodzera, uye kuita sarudzo yekutora chikamu kuti uwane kuzvitonga. Iyo posvo inoendesa tsamba mune idzi pfungwa haina kunyanya kusiyana nefekitori inogadzira mabhasikoro, uye nzvimbo yekudzora zvirwere haina kusiyana zvakanyanya muchipatara chakajairika, uye zvimwe chetezvo neEnvironmental Protection Agency uye yakajairika yekutsvagisa.
Asi neimwe nzira masangano matatu ezvematongerwo enyika akasiyana nevamwe vavo mune zveupfumi. Iyo Post Office, CDC, uye EPA inoshanda nemvumo yepolicy ichiita mabasa anorairwa nepolicy. Masangano maviri ekupedzisira anoita ane masimba ezvematongerwo enyika kuferefeta nekuranga vamwe uko zvikamu zvehupfumi zvisina kodzero nemabasa.
Saka bazi repamusoro rinonyanya kumisa mabasa anorairwa nezvematongerwo enyika ayo anowanzo kuitwa netsika dzehupfumi hwakanaka, kunyangwe paine chezvematongerwo enyika chinotsanangura hurongwa hwavo uye kuendesa mamwe masimba.
Sezvingabvira nzira dzekuti bazi rekutonga ripe nekuita hurongwa hwaro hungave mavhoti ekanzuru yematare, pamwe nemasangano akaita seCDC, nezvimwe.
Zvakadini nedare redzimhosva? Sokutaura kunoita Shalom, “Maitiro ekutonga anowanzogadzirisa marudzi matatu ezvinonetsa: kuongorora kwematare (mitemo yacho yakarurama here?), kutonga kwemhosva (pane vanhu chaivo vakatyora mitemo here?), uye kutonga kwevanhu (makakatanwa pakati pevanhu anogadziriswa sei?).”
Chekutanga kunetseka, Shalom anopa dare redzimhosva zvakanyanya kana zvishoma sezviri kuita dare repamusoro, riine matairi pamatanho emakanzuru anotonga gakava pamusoro pesarudzo dzekanzuru. Iyi ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka here kana kuti ndiyo yega nzira uye inogona kushanda inoenderana nekuzvitonga? Handizive. Zvechokwadi zvakakodzera kunyatsofungwa.
Yechipiri neyechitatu matare edzimhosva anosanganisira nyaya dzematsotsi pamwe nekutonga kwevanhu, Shalom anokurudzira dare redzimhosva rakasiyana nezvatinazvo pamwe nemapurisa ayo ane hunyanzvi hwekuita mabasa, mubairo wekuedza uye kuzvipira, nezvimwe.
Panyaya yekuva nemapurisa – izvo zvinonetsa vanhu vakawanda kudarika nyaya dzematare edzimhosva, nezvimwewo–handioni dambudziko risingagadzirike. Pachave nekuparwa kwemhosva munharaunda yakanaka, dzimwe nguva chisimba uye kunyange huipi hunotyisa, uye kuferefeta uye kubatwa kwevaparidzi kuchava nyaya dzakakomba dzinoda hunyanzvi. Zvinoita sezviri pachena kuti vamwe vanhu vachaita rudzi irworwo rwebasa nemirairo yakasarudzika kuti vaone kuti vanoriita nemazvo uye zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemagariro, sekunge vamwe vanhu vachapedza imwe yenguva yebasa ravo vachibhururuka nendege kana kuita mamwe mabasa akaoma uye anodiwa ane mitemo yakakosha inotarisira. mabasa avo nekuti aitwa zvakanaka.
Chokwadi, munzanga yakanaka zvikonzero zvakawanda zvoutsotsi zvapera uye zviito zvoutsotsi zvingava zvishoma zvikuru kupfuura zvino, asi ikoko hakusati kuchireva kuti hakusati kuchizova noutsotsi. Uye pfungwa yokuti mapurisa anogona kuitwa nevazvipiri haina musoro kunze kwokuti ndege dzinobhururuka dzinogona kuitwa nevazvipiri. Inofuratira kuti chipurisa chinodiwa chinosanganisira hunyanzvi hunoda kudzidziswa kudzivirira kushandisa zvisizvo kodzero dzemapurisa. Uye inowedzera njodzi dzemapurisa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kukanganwa kuti ivo mune hupfumi hwakanaka vane mabasa akaenzana, mubairo wekuedza uye kuzvipira, uye nzira dzekuzvisarudzira dzekuita sarudzo, pamwe nezvipingamupinyi zvemagariro zvese pamwe chete zvichideredza mikana yekuwedzeredza, kukwidziridzwa, kana kukanganisa, sezvinoita vatyairi vendege, kana vanachiremba, nezvimwe.
Haisi chikamu chemapurisa, saka, asi matare uye magweta emutemo uye jury chikamu chemuono equation yandinozviwana ndisina chokwadi nezvayo.
Kune rumwe rutivi muenzaniso wemurevereri wehutongi hune musoro. Hatidi kuti vanhu vazvidzivirire kuitira kuti vanozviita vawane mukana wakakura pane vasina. Tinoda magweta akadzidziswa uye vachuchisi varipo kune vese vanopokana. Tinodawo kuti vatsigiri ava vaedze zvakasimba. Asi panguva imwe cheteyo murairo wekuti vachuchisi nemagweta edziviriro mumwe nemumwe atsvage kuhwina mutongo wakanaka zvisinei neruzivo rwavo rwechokwadi chemhosva kana kusava nemhosva kweari kupomerwa uye neimwe nzira yavanogona kuita nekuti zvinozopa mukana mukuru wemhedzisiro yechokwadi. zvinondibaya mwoyo sezvinotendwa semurairo wekuti mutambi wezvehupfumi wese atsvage kuzvidavirira kwakavanzika nekuti izvo zvinozounza mhedzisiro yakabatana. Asi nezve machinjiro emusanganiswa wematare, vatongi, juries, uye kumiririra zvine hukasha, handina mazano akanaka.
Nekuda kwechiono chezvematongerwo enyika chiripo, pamwe gadziriso yakakwenenzverwa yeparpolity sezvakatsanangurwa naShalom, zvipi zvazvinofanira kuve nazvo kune yanhasi zano rezvematongerwo enyika, kureva, rekudyidzana nenyika?
The main implication will bear on two dimensions of activism—(1) what we demand and (2) how we organize ourselves.
Nezve izvo zvatinoda, kuva nechiono chezvematongerwo enyika kunozotiudza zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvatingade kudiwa panguva ino. Ndiko kuti, tinofanira kuedza kuhwina shanduko mune zvematongerwo enyika maitiro zvino anoratidza uye kuenda kune yedu chiono chezvematongerwo enyika. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kukurumidza kupera kuvhota, kuwedzera kukuru kwenhau dzeveruzhinji uye gakava, kuitwa kwezvirongwa zvinosanganisira kutariswa neveruzhinji kubhajeti, uye shanduko yematare yandinonzwa ndisina chokwadi kuti ndingaite sei.
Nezve maitiro ekuronga, kana mafambiro achirwira shanduko, maviri akafara maitiro anofanirwa kuzivisa zvinangwa. Chekutanga, tinofanira kuedza kuwana kuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu. Chechipiri, zvisinei, tinofanira kuedza kuhwina kupa vanhu simba rekutsvaga zvimwe zvibereko uye kukurudzira vanhu kuti vadaro.
Pane zvese zviri zviviri, chiono chezvematongerwo enyika chinofanira kutibatsira kuona shanduko dzemazuva ano dzinogona kubatsira, kupa simba, uye kukurudzira vanhu, kune ramangwana rezvematongerwo enyika ratinoshuvira.
Asi chirevo chikuru chechipiri chechiratidzo chezvematongerwo enyika chemaitiro azvino chine chekuita nemaitiro ekufamba. Kana tichida kuti zvematongerwo enyika eramangwana tive nezvimwe zvinhu, chokwadi tinofanira kuedza nekubatanidza zvinhu izvozvo mukuedza kwedu kwazvino, nepose patinogona napo.
Nemamwe manzwi, mafambiro edu anofanirwa kubatanidza kubatana, kusiyana, kururamisira, uye kuzvitonga. Mamiriro atiri kushanda ari pasi pawo nhasi akaoma uye akasiyana neaya enzanga yeramangwana, hongu. Asi zvisineyi, zvinorehwa nechiono chezvematongerwo enyika ndezvekuti tinofanira kuvaka masangano akavakirwa pahurongwa hweuswa uye kutora chikamu, uye kunyangwe pamatanho akasarudzika emakanzuru ekuzvitonga ekuita sarudzo, nekukurumidza patinokwanisa.
Sezvo chiono chezvematongerwo enyika chinowedzera kumanikidza, zvazvinoreva pamagadzirirwo ehurongwa hwekugovana, kutonga kupokana kwekufamba, uye kudzika mutemo wekufamba uye kusvika pasarudzo dzekufamba kunofanirwa kujeka uye, nekufamba kwenguva, kuve nyore kubatanidzwa mukuedza kwedu.
Rega ndipe chidzidzo chimwe chete. Kazhinji, mafambiro emazuva ano anokamurwa kuita nyaya imwe chete kuedza kunouya uye kuenda nezviitiko. Asi kana bato riri rekugadzira nzanga itsva, saka harifanire kunyanyoitwa semafambiro edu pari zvino - asi rinofanirwa kubatanidza mutsauko uye kubata nawo sezvinodiwa, uye mukuita izvi ive yakasimba.
Ngatitii panzvimbo yekugadzira mibatanidzwa yakarongeka yakatenderedza dhinominator yewachira runyorwa rwezvido zvakabvumiranwa, kutenderera kunosanganisira kufamba kwakagadzirwa. Izvi zvingave musanganiswa wemasangano ese, mapurojekiti, mafambisirwo, uye nhengo dzawo, uye pamwe nenhengo yega yega, idzo dzinonyoresa kune zvakasiyana siyana zvezvakakosha uye zvinokosheswa pamwe nemaitiro esangano, zvinosanganisira uye zvinosanganisira zvakasiyana siyana zvakasiyana.
Bato iri remafambisirwo raizotora hutungamiriri hwaro maererano nezvimwe zvekutarisa kwaro kubva kune avo vanonyanya kubata munzvimbo iyoyo - kubva muboka revakadzi pamusoro penyaya dzevakadzi, kubva kumapato evatema neLatino pamusoro perudzi, kubva kubato rinorwisa hondo nezverunyararo, kubva kubasa. uye mafambiro ehupfumi pamusoro penyaya dzehupfumi, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Iyo yese yaizove iyo yakazara hwerengedzo yemapoka ayo ese ezvikamu, kupokana uye zvese (sezvinoita nzanga).
Kufamba uku kwekufamba kwaizove nzanga itsva mumbryo. Sangano rayo remukati uye mashandiro angangosanganisira sangano rekanzuru uye kuzvitonga. Kune rudzi urwu rweprojekiti, kuita nehurumende hazvireve kubvisa polity per se, kana kutora policy iripo. Zvinoreva kugadzira hutongi hutsva, pamwe nekushandura chiri uye chikamu nekuvaka hurongwa hwezvichava.
Maonero akadai ezvematongerwo enyika, akabatana nehupfumi, hukama, tsika, magariro, ecology, uye mafambiro epasi rose zvakadzika midzi muchokwadi chazvino uye akanangana neramangwana rinodiwa, mukuona kwangu, angakunda zvese zviri zviviri shanduko nekukurumidza uye kwenguva refu shanduko yekuchinja mune ramangwana. nzira yakachengeteka uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinonongedza kune zvimwe zvakakosha, ndinotenda, zvenzira inodiwa yekudyidzana nenyika, uye zvakare nehupfumi, tsika, murume kana mukadzi, ecology, uye hukama hwenyika.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta