Ichangopfuura Jacobin chinyorwa pamusoro penzira iyo Karl Marx akatanga kuva akasimba zvakabatanidza iyi mitsetse miviri: “Nhasi, vanhu vaduku vakawanda vari kufora vachienda kuruboshwe mutsoka [dzaMarx] kubva pakuda rusununguko kuenda kutsoropodzo youkapitalism. Asi kusafanana naMarx, vane gamuchidzanwa rose reMarxism rinovatungamirira.”
Ko kutora “tsika yose yeMarxism” semutungamiri wavo kuchazivisa “vechiduku vari kufora vachienda kuruboshwe” zvinhu zvinokosha, zvinokosha zvemamiriro avo ezvinhu zvavachada kufamba kuti vawane nzanga iri nani here? Mhirizhonga yemapurisa. Kuramba nhumbu. Kuwedzera kusaenzana. Kuparara kwemamiriro ekunze. Hondo. Fascism. Uye zvimwe. Kuti tiite nenzira inobudirira, tinofanira kunyura mumagwaro echiMarxist here?
Mavhiki, mwedzi, makore, uye makumi emakore zvinouya zvichienda. Kuruboshwe "vadzidzisi" nguva nenguva vanozivisa "Marx akazvitaura. Marx aizviziva. Marx akazvidzidzisa. Kuti tihwine nyika iri nani, tinofanira kufambisa Marx's Collected Works. Tinofanira kutungamirirwa netsika dzose dzeMarxist. " Asi ichokwadi here kuti kana tikasanyatsodzidza Marx kuti tidzidze mhinduro dzake dzekare kumibvunzo yedu yazvino—uye kana tikasadzidza zvakakomba Lenin naTrotsky kuti tidzidzewo mhinduro dzavo—ipapo zivo yedu, kugadzirira, uye kufunga kwedu. haizofambisi mberi nenzira inobudirira zvatinoda nezvishuvo zvedu?
Murume mukuru ane ndebvu, svikiro rine tariro, mudzidzisi mukurusa mukurusa, mutakuri wemureza ane mukurumbira akanyora pachake akanyora kuti “Tsika yezvizvarwa zvose zvakafa inorema sechiroto chinotyisa pahuropi hwevapenyu.”
Vasiri veMarxologist vanogona kufunga kuti Marx anofanira kunge aireva nezve mhedzisiro yetsika yezvizvarwa zvakafa pane vanopindura vanoda kudzokera kune yakapfuura. Zvinobuda, zvisinei, kuti tichiverenga zvakare tinoona kuti vanopindura vaisava vavariro yaMarx: “Uye sezvavanoratidzika kuva vakabatikana nokuzvishandura ivo pachavo nezvinhu, vachigadzira chimwe chinhu chakanga chisipo kare, chaizvoizvo munguva dzakadaro dzedambudziko rechimurenga. kunyandura midzimu yomunguva yakapfuura nokufunganya kubasa ravo, vachitora kwavari mazita, masirogani ehondo, uye zvipfeko kuti varatidzire ichi chinoitika chitsva munhau yenyika munguva yairemekedzwa kuvanza nomutauro wokukwereta.”
Saka vaive vapanduki, kwete vanopindura, kuti Marx aishora zvine hungwaru kukwereta "mazita, masirogani ehondo, uye zvipfeko" kubva kare kuti aratidze zvazvino mu "kuzvivanza kunoremekedzwa uye mutauro wekukwereta" kusvikira tawana kuti nguva nenguva, nhasi. inopfekwa seyazuro, uye izvi zvinoitwa, zvinoshamisa, neavo vanoti vanotsvaga mangwana.
Vamwe vachati ndinowedzerera dambudziko. Zvichida, asi Marx akawedzeredzawo here? Ngatiti iwe unofunga kuti unoshanda mutsika yemumwe munhu akafa anofunga. Unofanira kuzvizivisa here? Unofanira kuzvinyora here? Unofanira kukurudzira zvinyorwa zvekare zvaunofarira pane vamwe here? Ko comrade akazvipira kuita sei?
Pandakabvunzwa mubvunzo iwoyo, chekutanga chandinoona ndechekuti hapana chikonzero chekuratidza dzinza rako, ndoda kuridza hwamanda kunyangwe dzinza rako raunoti rakajeka. Chinokosha panzvimbo pacho ndechokujekesa zvaunotenda iwe pachako uye kuratidza kuti sei uchizvitenda uchishandisa mashoko ako anhasi. Hatigoni kubvuma here kuti pano hapawanzodikanirwi kutaura mashoko avanhu vakafa uye zvikurukuru kuti hapana chikonzero chokubata mashoko avanhu vakafa sorugwaro, sokunge kungotora mashoko akadaro kunopa nharo kana kuti ufakazi. Pane kudaro, kuratidza chido chedu pachedu nekuda kwezvinangwa zvedu isu tichitarisawo kune tarisiro, kutya, uye zviitiko zveavo vatinotaura, wadii kupa zviitiko zvakakosha uye zvine musoro kubatana mumashoko edu epanguva ino sezvinoratidzwa munguva yedu yemazuva ano. ?
Funga nezvemunhu, angangove mukomana, anoramba achidzokorora Marx uye anopa zano kuverenga Marx (kana chimwe chiratidzo chaenda kare) kuti ataure imwe pfungwa nezvehukama hwemazuva ano zvishoma nezve nzira dzemazuva ano kana zvinangwa. Fungidzira uchimunzwa kana kumutarisa. Iye haawanzoratidziki kuva ane hanya zvikuru here kuita kuti vateereri vake vatendeukire kuna Marx kana kuti kuva nehanya zvikuru kuratidza kuvimbika kwake amene kuna Marx kupfuura iye ane hanya nokubetsera vateereri vakakura, vasina kusarudzwa vanozvirangarira vamene zvicherekedzo zvazvino zvakavakirwa paufakazi hwazvino uye kufunga? Muchidimbu, kutora mashoko kubva kare hakuwanzovharidzi urombo hwekukurukurirana hwazvino? Hazvifadzi here dzimwe nguva kune chiremera chemunyori akafa, izvo zvinozoita kuti pave nenjodzi yekutsvedza kunoenderana nesekete?
Wadii kutora zano raMarx pachake worega “zvizvarwa zvakafa” zvizorora murugare? Wadii kudzivisa kutevedzera “kurota hope dzinotyisa”? Wadii kurega "kukwereta" uye pane kugadzira?
Ndokumbira utarise, kusvika parizvino handisati ndapa izwi rekushoropodza Marxism pachayo. Kwete shoko. Panzvimbo pezvo zvinocherechedzwa zviri pamusoro ndezve nzira yekutaura nayo zvinhu, kwete nezve kunaka kwechinhu chinofanira kuziviswa. Asi kuti tiongorore zvino dzidziso yeMarxism, funga nezvekutaura kwakakasharara kwokuti chinangwa chekurwisana mugwaro rega rega reMarxist chinopa muono wakakomba wezvemari kana wenzanga upfumi hunokwidziridza zvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana zvechiverengero chavagari vayo kusvika kuchimiro cheboka rokutonga uye icho chinochengetawo utateguru, rusaruraganda. , uye udzvanyiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika, tisingarevi kuenderera mberi tichirutsa kusvibiswa zvakanyanya. Izvozvo ndezvechokwadi here? Funga kuti kana mafambiro eMarxist akanyatso kutungamira shanduko, mabhindauko aya akaunza nzanga dzine hunhu hunotyisa. Rutivi urwu rwetsika yeMarxist rune basa here? Izvi mhedzisiro zviripo zvakangofanana uye kwete kunyangwe pfungwa dzeMarxism?
Vechitendero cheMarx vakawanda vanopindura kuti pfungwa dzakadaro hadzina maturo. Vanoti chinangwa chechokwadi cheMarxist ndechekutora chikamu kwevashandi vakawanda, demokrasi, uye rusununguko. Uye ndinobvuma kuti ndizvo zvinodiwa naMarx nevazhinji veMarxists. Asi ndinobva ndawedzera kuti zvisinei nezvishuwo zviya zvisingarambiki zvemunhu, mukuita vazhinji veMarxists havateedzere masangano anoenderana neruzhinji rwevashandi vekutora chikamu, democracy, uye rusununguko kana nekupedza madzibaba, rusaruraganda, uye hudzvanyiriri. Zvekare, iko kurehwa kwezvinangwa zvemasangano inhema here, kana kuti ichokwadi?
Kufunga, tomboti tinogona kuisa zvinyorwa zvese zveMarxist nezvehupfumi uye / kana nzanga mumurwi. Kusvikira pamwero wakaganhurirwa wekuti chero chinhu chiri mumurwi uyu chinopa chiono chakakomba chesangano, hachizowanzova chehupfumi chete uye chinosanganisira kuita sarudzo zvine chiremera, kupatsanurwa kwekambani yevashandi, mubairo wezvinobuda kana simba rekutaurirana, uye misika kana kuronga pakati, chimwe nechimwe. idzo masangano anosimudza makumi maviri ambotaurwa kubva muzana. Zvino kana tikatarisa mabhindauko chaiwo akafemerwa neMarxist, achiaisa murwi, sekutaura, hatisi kuona here zvinangwa zvesangano izvi zvichizadzikiswa?
Zvichida chikonzero cheMarxism kusaunza izvo vazhinji vevamiriri vayo vanga vasingave vatungamiriri vakaipa. Hongu, chokwadi Stalin akanga ari mutungamiriri akaipa, kutaura zvinyoro. Asi pamwe dambudziko rechokwadi, rakadzama, uye rinogara riripo rave reMarxist mafambiro ekufamba akasimudza nhubu saStalin uye, ichienda nhanho imwe mberi, pamwe dambudziko rave iri pfungwa dzakasimudza kana chero ipi zvayo isina kudzivirira avo Stalin. -kusimudzira mafambiro ekufamba.
Dambudziko rakanga risiri rekuti munhu wese aive mumapato eMarxist Leninist aida kutsika-tsika vashandi munzira yekuvatonga. Idzo inhema dzakanyanya. Izvozvo hazvina maturo. Dambudziko nderekuti kunyangwe zvaireva kuti nhengo dzavo vangave vakadii, dzimwe pfungwa dzemapato eMarxist dzakatungamira mapato iwayo, kana abudirira, kutsika-tsika vashandi. Kumashure nekusundidzira vatungamiri, zvimiro. Kumashure nekusimudza zvimiro, pfungwa.
Iva mutsigiri weMarxist. Kunyangwe nevavariro dzakanakisa - vavariro dzakanakisa - mukana ndewekuti hausi kuzogadzira shanduko munyika yedu yanhasi nekuti hauzove nekutarisa kwakaringana uye kunyanya, zvinoshamisa, nekuti uchashaya basa rakakwana. kirasi rutsigiro. Asi kana iwe ukapfuura matambudziko iwayo uye ukabatsira kuita shanduko, kusawirirana kwako kuita kwako kuchasimudza izvo zvandinodaidza boka remurongi kuita kutonga kwehupfumi pamusoro peboka revashandi, uye zvinosiya hudzvinyiriri, rusaruraganda, uye hutongi hwejekerere zvakagadziridzwa asi zvakangonaka kana intensified.
Vamwe vechitendero cheMarx vanoona kutaura uku kuchimhura ivo pachavo. Handifungi kuti zvinofanira kudaro. Hazvisi zvevamwe vanhu kana vavariro. Izvo hazvisi zvehunhu hwevanhu zvakanyanya zvishoma nezve genetics yevanhu. Zviri pachinzvimbo nezve pfungwa, nzira, uye kuvimbika kwemasangano izvo, kunyangwe mumaoko evanhu vanoshamisa zvinosimudzira mhedzisiro iyo vanhu ivavo vaisamboda. Chinangwa chemashoko angu itsika dzinotyisa dzinoremedza vanhu vakanaka. Kana kuti, sa bard wangu, uyo achiri kurarama, akaimba kuti, “Handirevi kukuvadza kana kupa mhosva kune ani zvake anogara muimba yepasi, zvakanaka ma, kana ndisingagoni kumufadza.
Saka ngatitarisei pazvinhu zviviri zvakakosha. Chekutanga funga kuti pfungwa dzeMarxism dzakakosha uye maitiro akabatana anosimbisa hupfumi uye anokomekedza murume kana hama, nharaunda / tsika, hunhu, uye ecology.
Izvi hazvirevi kuti vose (kana kunyange chero) Marxists vanofuratira zvose kunze kwehupfumi. Uyewo hazvirevi kuti vose (kana kuti chero) veMarxists havana hanya zvikuru nezvimwe zvinhu. Zvinoreva, panzvimbo pezvo, kuti apo veMarxists nezuro vakataura nezve hupenyu hwepabonde hwevechidiki, muchato, mhuri yenyukireya, chitendero, kuzivikanwa kwemarudzi, zvisungo zvetsika, zvido zvepabonde, sangano rezvematongerwo enyika, maitiro emapurisa, hondo, uye ecology, ivo vainyanya kuratidza masimba anomuka. kubva mukunzwisisa kwavo kurwisana kwemapoka kana izvo zvakaratidza zvinorehwa nekurwisana kwekirasi uye zvaiwanzopotsa kushushikana kwakadzika midzi yemarudzi, hutano, simba, uye zvisikwa. Vaiwanzotaura kuti iyi accounting yakaganhurwa yaive hunhu.
Kutsoropodza uku hakutauri kuti Marxism yanezuro haina chayakataura chinobatsira nezverudzi, murume kana mukadzi, zvepabonde, uye simba kana nezvehupfumi hweumwe neumwe. Asi kutsoropodza uku kunotaura kuti pfungwa dzeMarxist dzanezuro hadzina kupikisa zvakakwana maitiro akaiswa nenzanga yazvino, kana nehondo yazvino, kana nesarudzo dzemazuvano dzehungwaru dzakaunza rusaruraganda, rusaruraganda, uye hutongi mhedzisiro kunyangwe zvichipesana nehunhu hwakanakisa nehunhu hwemagariro. vazhinji veMarxists. Marxism yazuro yakasiya yakawandisa iyo inonyanya kukosha kuti ititungamirire mangwana.
Mune mamwe mazwi, izvi zvinoti pamusoro pekunyanya kukoshesa kweMarxism pamusoro pehupfumi uye kusimbisa kusina kukwana kune mamwe mativi ehupenyu haafanotaura mono-mania pamusoro pehupfumi kana kunyange nzira yepasi rose uye isingagadziriswi yekunyanya kutarisa nezvehupfumi uye pasi pekucherechedza kune zvimwe zvose. Kwete, panzvimbo pezvo vanofanotaura maitiro anokuvadza ehutete munzira iyo kutariswa kunopihwa kune zvimwe zvehupfumi zviitiko. Marxism haitiraidzi here kudzidza zviitiko zvakadaro uye kugadzirisa zvakaipa zvine chekuita nezviitiko zvakadaro, asi kuti tiite nemeso edu zvakanyanya pane izvo Marxism inotaura ndizvo zvikonzero zvakakosha zvekuchinja zvine chekuita nemhedzisiro, iyo Marxism inoti idzo dzehupfumi? Ko Marxism haipi ruzivo rwakakosha uye rwakatokosha pamusoro pemamiriro ehupfumi emamwe mativi ehupfumi ehupenyu, asi kwete zvakanyanya nezvehushoma hwavo hwehupfumi? Nekuenzanisa fungidzira munhukadzi, anopikisa rusaruraganda, kana anarchist anoti tinofanira kutarisisa zviitiko zvehupfumi uye kutsvaga kugadzirisa zvakaipa zvine chekuita nazvo, asi isu tinofanira kuzviita nguva dzose nemaziso edu kunyanya pane izvo feminism, anti-racism, kana anarchism. vangadaidza shanduko huru-inoenderana nezvikonzero uye zvinokonzeresa, zvavanoti ndezvacho zvechikadzi, rudzi, kana zvematongerwo enyika. VaMarx havangapindure here kuti dzimwe nzira idzi dzinoda kuvandudzwa kwehupfumi? Asi hazvina basa here kune dzimwe nzira dzekuti nzira yeMarxist inoda murume kana mukadzi, rudzi, uye kusimudzira zvematongerwo enyika?
Kana zvakadaro, hazviteveri here kuti kugadzirisa kwe "economism" yeMarxism ndeye Marxists kubvuma kuti feminism, anarchism, uye anti rusaruro vane maonero avo epakati uye kuti sevatsigiri veimwe neimwe yemaonero aya vanofanirwa kurangarira. yekunzwisisa kwakanangana nekirasi, saka vanhuwo vari kutsvaga kusadzidza vanofanirwa kufunga nezve izvo mamwe masosi ekuona nezve dzimwe nzvimbo dzakatariswa dzeshanduko inodiwa? Hazvizokoshese chikonzero chenzira imwe chete, ingave hupfumi kune vamwe vese kana kumwe kutarisisa kunofarirwa kune vamwe vese, kupotsa zviitiko zvakakosha, kunyanya kupihwa rusarura, murume kana mukadzi, chiremera, ecology, uye rusaruro rwekirasi nemaitiro akazara. zvakapararira munzanga dzazvino uno? Asi izvozvo hazvijekese here kuti isu tinoda pfungwa dzinopesana uye kwete pfungwa dzinosimudzira kusarura kwakadaro?
Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti ndinofunga ruzhinji rwevaMarx vemazuva ano vanobvumirana nekudikanwa kwekupfuura hupfumi. Nhau dzakaipa ndedzekuti ndinofunga ruzhinji rwevaMarxists vanhasi havasati vatora pfungwa itsva dzinoisa pamberi zvakaenzana dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchinja kunodiwa. Panzvimbo iyoyo pfungwa uye mazwi ezvizvarwa zvakafa zvinogara mutsika yeMarxism zvinowanzoita kuvharira kunze kana dzimwe nguva kunyange kuburitsa pachena ruzivo rwakakura kudaro nekukurumidza kwekuchinja kukuru kunovaka. Saka nepo ruzhinji rwevaMarx vemazuva ano vachiona kukosha kwekutiza hupfumi uye ivo vachitsvaga nemoyo wose kuita kudaro (kazhinji nekugamuchira imwe maonero kuitira kuti tiwane socialist feminism, marxist anti rusaruraganda, anarcho-marxism, uye eco-marxism), zvisinei, isn. Hachisi chipingamupinyi chinoramba chiripo pakubudirira kwavo icho munguva dzenhamo kuvimbika kwavo kunheyo yehungwaru yetsika yavo yose kunoda kukurira vavariro dzavo dzakanaka? Sezvo kukurumidza kufamba kunowedzera, ndiko kuti, zvishuvo zvekuwedzera kwekutarisa hazviwanzo kukukurwa here? Ndiro ratingadaidza kuti Marxism's economism dambudziko.
Nzvimbo yechipiri yekunetseka isinganyanyi kucherechedzwa uye isingatarisirwe zvakanyanya kupfuura hupfumi hwayo, zvinoshamisa kuti maererano neMarxism inonyanya kutarisisa divi rehupenyu, hupfumi, pfungwa dzeMarxism dzinoderera zvakanyanya. Veruzhinji veMarxist vangati, “huya. Pasinei neganhuriro dzipi kana kuti kunyange kukundikana kwaMarx kungava nako, zvirokwazvo upfumi hwayo hune simba.” Ehe, hongu, Marxism inonyatso kupokana kukosha kwakanyanya kwekupokana kwemapoka uye ndizvo zvakanakisa. Asi zvino Marxism iri pedyo nepasi rose inotadza kuratidza kirasi iripo pakati pebasa nemari. Nezuro uye nemazuva ano veMarxists vanowanzoramba midzi yekirasi yechitatu mumatsananguriro ehupfumi uye kugovera kunoshanda. Dzidziso yezuro uye yanhasi yeMarxist, panzvimbo pezvo, kuti makirasi anokwereta kuvapo kwawo chete kuhukama hwevaridzi. Asi hazvisi pachena here kuti ndosaka Marxism ichitadza kuona kuti hupfumi hwakadaidzwa neveMarx kuti "socialist" kana kuti "hurumende capitalist" haina kusimudzira kwete macapitalist kana vashandi kuti vatonge chinzvimbo chehupfumi? Pane kudaro, muhurongwa uhu, handiti macapitalist aenda asi vashandi vachiri pasi? Zvamazvirokwazvo, ko izvo gamuchidzanwa rechiMarxist zvakatsvaka ndokukunda kupfuura capitalism muchiitiko chiri chose chakasimudzirwa kukutonga kwechimiro chezvemari kwete vashandi asi panzvimbo pezvo boka romurongi ravarongi, mamaneja, uye vamwe vashandi vane simba here? Ko handiti zvabuda nacapitalist boss, mapinda nacoordinator boss?
Asi nei izvozvo zvichiitika? Chimurenga chakapambwa here? Kana kuti ndiko kuti Marxism inokunda yagara ichitsvaga uye yakahwina veruzhinji kana nyika muridzi wemidziyo, kuita sarudzo yepamusoro, kupatsanurwa kwevashandi, mubairo wezvakabuda kana simba, uye misika kana kuronga kwepakati kwekugoverwa. Uye izvi zvese hazvina kuitika here, zvinoshamisa, kunyangwe maMarxists panguva imwe chete vachikurudzira kudiwa kwekutonga kwevashandi. Asi kana maMarxists aita masangano ekare haana kuwana zvibodzwa zvekupedzisira. Hazvirevi here kuti zvimwe zvakakosha zveMarxist conceptual uye masangano zvisungo hazvina kungobvumidza chete asi zvakasimudzira murongi mutemo kunyangwe ivo vakaramba kuti murongi kirasi iripo? Zvichida chikonzero nei Marxism isiri iyo yose yakakurumbira pakati pevateereri veboka revashandi hakusi chete kuti vateereri ivavo vakatsauswa.
Asi, ndapota cherechedzai, izvi hazvireve kuti vazhinji (kana kuti kunyange chero) vanhu veMarxist vanozvida vanoedza kufambisira mberi zvido zvevatungamiri, magweta, maakaunti, mainjiniya, vanoronga, uye vamwe vatambi vane simba pamusoro pevashandi. Inoti, pane kudaro, kuti dzimwe pfungwa mukati meMarxism hadziite zvishoma kudzivirira uku kukwidziridzwa kweboka remurongi uye nekutozvisimudzira. Inoti mumuitiro weMarxist, murongi kutonga kwehupfumi kunowanzobuda kunyangwe uye nekupokana nemanzwiro echinzvimbo nefaira reMarxism.
Izvi zvingaita sezvisina kujairika. Mushure mezvose, bato ringaite sei iro vazhinji venhengo dzavo dzinoda chinhu chimwe chete kuti vadzokorore kuita chimwe chinhu chinotyisa uye kunyange chakapesana? Asi chaizvoizvo, izvi hazvishamisi. Migumisiro yemagariro inowanzosiyana kubva pachinzvimbo uye zvishuwo zvefaira.
Semuenzaniso, vatsigiri vepachokwadi uye vane ruzivo rwevashandi vanotonga vanofarira makambani ega ega, vangave vachizviita kuti vazvibatsire ivo pachavo kana nekuda kwekutenda kwechokwadi kuti hupfumi hwepachivande hwakakosha kune hupfumi hunoshanda zvakanaka, havaunze kutonga kwevashandi. Sarudzo yavo yesangano kuchengetedza muridzi wega inotsigira chishuwo chavo chakakodzera chekutonga kwevashandi. Vese vaMarx vanonzwisisa mhedzisiro yacho nekuti pfungwa dzeMarxism dzinoratidza kuti umiridzi wega wega unodzivisa kutonga kwevashandi.
Saizvozvo, vatsigiri vepachokwadi uye vane hunyanzvi hwevashandi vanozvimiririra vanofarira misika kana kuronga kwepakati uye vanofarira kupatsanurwa kwevashandi, vangave vachiitira kuzvibatsira ivo pachavo kana nekuda kwekutenda kwechokwadi kuti izvo sarudzo dzakakosha kune hupfumi hunoshanda zvakanaka. kwete kuunza self management. Sarudzo dzavo dzemasangano dzinosimudzira zvishuwo zvavo zvetsika zvakafanira zvekuzvitonga. VaMarx vanowanzotadza kunzwisisa izvozvo. Mafungiro avo haaratidzi uye anotovharidzira masimba ari pabasa.
Zvakaipa here kutaura kuti maMarxists anofanira kunzwisisa zviri nyore mukana uyu kwete nekuti Marx pachake akaraira zvine hungwaru kuti kana uchitonga humwe hungwaru hwehungwaru munhu anofanira kurerutsa zvazvinotaura pamusoro pazvo ("vashandi pamusoro pezvose") uye panzvimbo pacho cherechedza izvo pfungwa dzayo dzisiri pachena ( "kurongana pamusoro pevashandi")? Zvakaipa here kukurudzira, saMarx, kuti chimiro chehungwaru chinova chishandiso cheboka rinotonga chinovanza maitiro ekirasi iyi, kuvanza midzi yekirasi iyi muhukama hwemagariro, uye kunyange kuramba kuvapo kwekirasi iyoyo, zvese izvi zvichisimudzira kusimuka kwekirasi iyoyo. kutonga?
Tarisa dzidziso uye ideology ye mainstream capitalist economics kuti uone chaizvo izvo zvine simba. Asi hatiwanewo here chimwe chinhu chakada kufanana kana tikashandisa nzira imwechete yekuongorora hukama hweMarxism nekirasi pakati pebasa nemari? Kureva, kana tichitarisa kuti tione izvo tsika dzeMarxist dzinosimbisa, dzinovharira, uye dzinotsvaga, hationi here kuti pfungwa dzeMarxism pahukama hwepfuma sechikonzero chega chekunetsana kwekirasi inovharira kukosha kwekugoverwa kwemabasa ekupa simba pakati pevatambi vehupfumi. kukakavara kwekirasi? Hatisi kuona here kuti ndosaka Marxism ichipotsa kuti nevaridzi vaenda, coordinators vanogona kusimuka kutonga vashandi? Hatisi kuona here kuti Marxism inobvisa pakuona mutemo unoitwa nevanhu vangangosvika makumi maviri kubva muzana (boka remurongi rinodzora basa rekupa simba), pamusoro pevasara makumi masere muzana yehuwandu (boka revashandi rinonyanya kuderedza basa) mukudaro. -inonzi "socialism yezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri," inzira ipi yatinofanira kudana kuti coordinatorism?
Hatisi kuona here, nemamwe mazwi, kuti zvisinei nevavariro dzechokwadi uye dzinowanzotaurwa dzevazhinji vevateveri vayo, mukuita pfungwa dzeMarxism dzinosimudza zvakanyanya uye zvinofanofungidzira kusimudzira boka remurongi kutonga pamusoro pevashandi kunyangwe pfungwa dzeMarxism dzakavanza basa remurongi uye kunyange kuvapo kwavo chaiko?
Marx angadana Marxism yanhasi uye kunyanya Marxism Leninism yanhasi pfungwa yeboka revarongi, kwete boka revashandi? Kana Marx aizoita kudaro kana kuti kwete, hazvina kujeka here kuti kuita nharo dzokuti tinofanira kudaro hakurevi kuti tinofunga kuti neimwe nzira vaMarx vose vavengi vokusagona kirasi? Hazvisi pachena here kuti panzvimbo pacho zvinokurudzira kuti kunyangwe kana maMarxists achishuvira zvakanyanya kusava nekirasi, hunhu hwavo uye kuvimbika kwemasangano kunotsika zvishuwo izvozvo?
Mubvunzo unomuka. VaMarx vanhasi vangatsvaka sei chiMarx chiri nani chemangwana? Vatsva vekuMarx vangawedzera sei, kushandura, kana kudarika pfungwa dzisiridzo dzazvino kuti tidzivise matambudziko maviri isu nevazhinji vevanhukadzi, vanopikisa rusaruraganda, vanarchist, makanzuru, nevamwe vakasimbisa?
Nezve "economism," harisi iro dambudziko ratinoda kuti tipfuure hurongwa hwepfungwa hunotanga kubva mune zvehupfumi uyezve kunyangwe tichiburitsa akakosha ehupfumi, tinoongorora mamwe matunhu nechinangwa chekuona mhedzisiro yavo mune zvehupfumi asi kwete yavo yemukati yekuwedzera hupfumi. dynamics?
Uye kana tikaziva dambudziko, isu hatifanire here kuisa maonero edu ese pane pfungwa dzinoratidza hupfumi, asi zvakare kuratidza zvakaenzana hunhu, hukama, tsika, uye ecology? Hatifanire here kukoshesa kunzwisisa imwe neimwe yeiyi nharaunda yehupenyu pachayo yemukati mefungidziro uye simba, uye panguva imwe cheteyo kuisa pamberi kuona kuti munharaunda chaidzo chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvehupenyu izvi zvinopesvedzera uye kunyange kumisa uye kutsanangura zvimwe pasina kufungidzira kuti vanomira zvinoenderana nehumwe hutongi hwe kukosha? Semuyenzaniso, sechigadziriso chinobvira kuhupfumi hwanhasi, mangwana Marxist angati,
"Ini ndiri Marxist asi zvakare ndiri wevakadzi, inter communalist, anarchist, uye green. I Hongu, ini ndichiri kufunga kuti kurwisana kwekirasi kwakakosha, asi ini ndinoona kuti murume kana mukadzi, rudzi, chitendero, dzinza, zvepabonde, uye kurwisana nemasimba kune chimwe nechimwe chakakosha. Ndinoziva kuti sekunzwisisa kwatinoita kurwisana kusiri kwemapoka maererano nekurwisana kwemapoka, tinofanirawo kunzwisisa kurwisana kwemapoka maererano nevarume, rudzi, zvematongerwo enyika, uye hondo yezvakatipoteredza. "
Saka, zvakanaka, tomboti mangwana Marxist anoramba pfungwa yehupfumi inobata iyo yekuwedzera-economic superstructure iyo inongokanganiswa chete. Tomboti mangwana Marxist anoramba kuti nzanga dzinosimuka nekushanduka chete nekuda kwemaitiro ekugadzira uye panzvimbo pacho anoona kuti nzira dzeukama, tsika, uye hunhu zvakakosherawo kuti nzanga dzinosimuka nekushandura sei? Ngatitii mangwana muMarxist achiri kukakavara kukosha kwekurwira mukirasi asi haachaoni kurwira mukirasi senzira yega inotonga yekuongorora yekuona nyaya dzakarongwa. Ko zita rekuti “Marxist” ringasvika pakureva zvinotendwa ne“Marxist” mutsva uyu? handina chokwadi. Zvichida zvaigona, kunyange zvazvo tsika yeMarxist pasina mubvunzo yaizoramba. Chokwadi, ndinofunga kuti hondo iyi iriko uye yanga ichienderera kwemakumi emakore.
Mukupesana nemukana uri pamusoro apa wokukunda dambudziko reupfumi hweMarx, dambudziko retsanangudzo yekirasi renezuro uyewo kazhinji kazhinji reMarxism yanhasi rinoratidzika kuva rinoramba kururamisa zvakasimba. Macapitalist macapitalist, maMarxists anokurudzira, uye izvi zvinodaro nekuda kwevaridzi vavo vega nzira dzekugadzira. Kusave nemacapitalist pamusoro pevashandi zvinoda, Marxists zvakare kukurudzira nenzira kwayo, kuti isu nokudaro isu tibvise hupfumi hwega hwekugadzira. Kusvika ikozvino, zvakanaka. Saka zvakakosha.
VeMarx vobva vati vasiri macapitalist vane kugona kwavo kuita basa ravanotengesa vachipihwa muhoro. Zvakare zvakanaka. Asizve veMarx vanoti vashandi vese ava vanotambira mihoro, nekuda kwekuve nemamiriro ezvinhu evaridzi sevamwe, vanewo zvido zveboka rimwe chete. Vose vari mukirasi imwe chete, boka rinoshanda. Izvi hazvina kunaka.
Chiripo ndechekuti, maMarxists anenge akatadza kuziva kuti zvikamu zvevashandi vanotambira muhoro zvinogona kuve nezvido zvekirasi zvakasiyana kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu nekuda kwekuve nemabasa akasiyana muchikamu chevashandi. Ngatitii mukupindura kushoropodzwa uku tinofungidzira kuti pamwe pane kirasi pakati pebasa nemari. Iyi yekufungidzira yechitatu kirasi ndeyechokwadi here? Pane munhu ari mukirasi yechitatu yekufungidzira here? Kana tangobvuma kuti zvingangove zviripo uye tinobvuma kuti chimwe chinhu chisiri hukama hwevaridzi chinogona kuunza mutsauko wekirasi, kana tikatarisa hatigone kuona zviri nyore kuti vamwe vashandi-mamaneja, magweta, maakaunti, mainjiniya, uye vamwe vanopihwa simba zvakanyanya chinzvimbo chavo chehupfumi uye kunyanya nemapoka emakambani evashandi ayo anovapa iwo ega ega ekupa masimba mabasa pamwe nepamusoro uye zvinodikanwa zvekuita sarudzo dzezuva nezuva, asi mukusiyana kugovera kune vamwe vashandi mabasa ekubvisa masimba anovasiya vari pasi - saka. kuti vaichimbova varongi vanosarudza uye vashandi vokupedzisira vateerere?
Hazvitevedzeri here kuti kana tisisina varongi vane simba pamusoro pevashandi vasina simba, uye nokudaro kuti tiwane kusava nekirasi, tinofanira kutsiva masangano anogumbura — misika, kuronga pakati, uye kunyanya kupatsanurwa kwevashandi? Asi kana zvakadaro, nei zviono zvizhinji zveMarxist neMarxist Leninist zvichitsigira zvakajeka kuva neboka revashandi?
Uyezve, kurudziro iyi haitsananguri here kuti sei maMarxists vasingawanzoona kuti kunyangwe hupfumi hwepachivande hukabviswa, misika, kuronga pakati, uye kupatsanurwa kwevashandi kuchasimudza boka rinotonga revarongi vane simba pamusoro peboka riri pasi revashandi vasina simba. ?
Marxists vanowanzo tsanangura zvine mutsindo uye nemoyo wese kururamisira, kuenzana, uye rukudzo izvo "socialism" inofanira kuunza. Asi, kana tikatarisa zvinyorwa zveMarxists nokuda kwechiono chavo chavanoda, hatiwani here kutaura kusinganzwisisike kusina simba remasangano, kana, apo. pane chimwe chinhu chemasangano, hatiwani here masangano anoramba kururamisira, kuenzana, uye chiremera zvinofarirwa neveMarx?
Saizvozvo, kana tikatarisa tsika yeMarxist, inova inowanzoitwa yeMarxist Leninist, hationi here aya mavarongedzeri maumbirwo anenge achiitwa pasi rose? MuMarxist nhasi angagona kukunda dambudziko iri nokugamuchira maonero emapoka matatu anoona seri kweukama hwepfuma chete sehunokwanisa kukonzera kutonga kwekirasi, asi nenzira ine mufungo achipfuurira kumudaidza kuti Marxist?
Kana muMarxist akatevedzera nzira iyoyo, iyo yakamboedza kuita vamwe veMarx, (kusanganisira ini pandakanyora bhuku naRobin Hahnel makore makumi mana nematanhatu apfuura Unorthodox Marxism) Ndinofunga kuti zviratidzo zvekuti zvakaitika zvaizova pachena. Somuenzaniso, “vatsva veMarx” vakadaro havangatsoropodzi here chakanzi “socialism” nevamiriri vahwo munyika dzakasiyana-siyana pasi pose, uye vorega kuidana kuti capitalism kana kuti capitalism yenyika, kana kuti socialism yakashatiswa, asi panzvimbo pezvo vanoidana. nzira itsva yekugadzira inoisa boka remurongi pamusoro pevashandi?
Uye havangadaro vaMarxist vatsva here vobva vapa chiono chinopa misika, kuronga kwepakati, uye kupatsanurwa kwevashandi, pamwe nekugovera nzira dzemubairo unopa mubairo pfuma, simba, kana kubuda, uyezve kugovera nekuvamba. nezvenzira dzekugadzira?
Uye havangadaro vaMarxist vatsva here vangakurudzira masangano matsva anotsanangura hupfumi kutsvaga panzvimbo yesarudzo dzakarambwa? Masangano matsva andinofunga kuti anogona kuwana rutsigiro kubva kune vatsva veMarxists vanogona kunge vari, semuenzaniso, vashandi nevatengi pamwe chete vanozvitonga makanzuru, mubairo kwenguva yakareba, kusimba, uye kunetsa kwevashandi vanokosheswa munharaunda, kupatsanurwa kutsva kwebasa rine mabasa akaenzana. yekugonesa mhedzisiro, uye kuronga kwekudyidzana panzvimbo yemisika uye kuronga kwepakati?
Ipapo, mukuwirirana nechiono chavo chezvemari chakachinjwa, vaMarx vatsva vakadaro havangareveriwo sangano resangano, mitoo, uye zvirongwa zvinobatanidza, zvinokurudzira, uye zvinosvika chaizvoizvo pazvinangwa zvavo zvakanaka here? Vangadai vasinganzwisise here kuti nzira dzekuchinja magariro dzinosanganisira sarudzo dzesangano uye nzira dzakadai sekushandisa mapato epakati, kuita sarudzo kumusoro pasi, uye kupatsanurwa kwevashandi hazvizobvisi mutemo weboka revanoronga asi kuudzika midzi? Vaisazonzwisisa here kuti zvikanganiso zveMarxism zvanhasi zvinotungamirira kumurongi kutonga kwekirasi pasinei nezvishuvo zvepachokwadi zvevakawanda kana kuti vanodokuva vose veMarxists kuti vazoguma vava pane imwe nzvimbo yakanaka zvikuru kupfuura kurongeka?
Chii chaizova ukama hwa“vaMarx vatsva” vakadaro negamuchidzanwa rechiMarxist ravaichipemberera? Zvakanaka, ndinopokana maMarxists matsva akadai angazvidaidza kuti Leninist kana Trotskyist, asi kunyangwe dai vakadaro, ivo vaizoramba mahombe ekufunga uye kuita.
Panzvimbo pokuramba vachinokora mashoko Lenin naTrotsky zvakanaka, somuenzaniso, vaizoramba Lenin nehasha vachiti: “Zvinokosha zvikuru kuti chiremera chose mumafekitari chinofanira kunangidzirwa mumaoko evatariri.”
Uye vaizoramba Lenin vachiti: “Kupindira kupi nokupi kwakananga kunoitwa nemasangano evashandi mukutarisira makambani kunofanira kuonekwa sokunokuvadza uye kusingabvumirwi.”
Uye vaizoramba Lenin vachiti: “Indasitiri yemichina mikuru inova musimboti wekubereka uye hwaro hwesocialism inoda kubatana kwakakwana uye kwakasimba kwezvido… Nezviuru zvinoisa kuda kwavo kukuda kwomumwe.”
Uye vairamba Lenin vachiti: “Kongiresi yevagadziri! Izvozvo zvinorevei chaizvo? Zvakaoma kuwana mazwi ekutsanangura upenzi uhu. Ndinoramba ndichizvibvunza kuti vanogona kunge vari kutamba here? Munhu anogona kunyatsokoshesa vanhu ava here? Nepo kugadzira kuchidikanwa nguva dzose, demokrasi haina. Democracy yekugadzirwa inounza nhevedzano yepfungwa dzenhema dzakanyanya. "
Uye vaibva varamba Trotsky vachiti (nezvemakomunisiti ekuruboshwe): “Vanoshandura misimboti yedemocracy kuita svikiro. Vanoisa kodzero yevashandi yekusarudza vamiriri vavo pachavo pamusoro peBato, nokudaro vachipikisa kodzero yeBato yokusimbisa udzvinyiriri hwaro, kunyange apo udzvinyiriri uhwu hunouya mukupokana nemafungiro ari kupera edemokrasi yevashandi.”
Uye vairamba Trotsky vachiti, “Tinofanira kurangarira basa renhoroondo yeBato redu. Bato rinomanikidzwa kuchengetedza udzvanyiriri hwaro, pasina kumira nekuda kwekusagadzikana uku, kana kunyange kudonha kwechinguvana kwevashandi. Kuziva uku ndiko dhaka rinosimbisa kubatana kwedu. Udzvinyiriri hwevakuru vehurumende hahufanire kugara uchienderana nemisimboti yedemocracy.”
Uye vairamba Trotsky vachiti: “Iwo mutemo wekuti munhu anoedza kubuda pabasa. Munhu imhuka ine nungo.”
Uye ivo vaizoramba Trotsky vachiti (nekudada): "Ini ndinofunga kuti dai Hondo Yevagari vemo isina kupamba nhengo dzedu dzehupfumi pane zvese zvaive zvakasimba, zvakazvimiririra, zvine simba rekuita, pasina mubvunzo taifanira kunge takapinda munzira yemunhu mumwechete. manejimendi nekukurumidza uye zvishoma zvinorwadza."
Zvikuru, havangatambisi nguva here veMarxists vachipa mhosva Lenin kana Trotsky pachake nezvekwakabva kutaura kunotyisa zvakadaro nemhedzisiro, asi kuti vatarise pfungwa dzisina kukwana dzavanogona kupfuura?
Asi, kutaura chokwadi, zvose zviri pamusoro apa hazvisirizvo here mafambiro e“zvizvarwa zvakafa”? Zvinonyanya kukosha pane kukakavara pamusoro pekare, mangwana "vaMarxist" vatsva havazoti here kushandisa zvimiro zvehupfumi uye / kana zvematongerwo enyika kana masangano emagariro kune njodzi dzinounza murongi wekutonga pamwe nekugadzira nharaunda isingaite kupararira kwekushanda kwevashandi, kana hama, kufambira mberi kwemarudzi, zvematongerwo enyika, kana kuti kwezvakatipoteredza?
Kana mangwana maMarxists vaida kupokana kuti mune mamwe mamiriro akaoma zvimiro zvakadaro zvingafanirwa kushandiswa, havaizokurudzira here kuona zvivakwa sezvipo zvenguva pfupi uye mune mamwe maitiro ese edza kugadzira nzira yekusazvibata yekuzvitonga hukama hwemagariro, ikozvino. uye mune ramangwana?
Pakupedzisira, pasinei zvapo nezvikanganiso zvakakomba, munewo uchenjeri hukuru here muMarx nomune vanyori vakawanda vakatevera veMarxist navanorwira kuti “vaMarx vamangwana” vaizochengeta nenzira yakarurama? Chokwadi chiriko. Asi havazoiti here vaMarx vatsva vanoramba nomutoo wakarurama kwete bedzi hukama hwepfuma ye<em>capitalist asiwo misika, kuronga kwepakati, uye kupatsanurwa kweboka revashandi pamwe chete norudzi, rusaruraganda, uye udzvinyiriri vanodawo kudzivisa kuzadzika tsinhiro yaMarx pachake yokuti: “Tsika ye zvizvarwa zvose zvakafa zvinorema sezvinotyisa papfungwa dzevapenyu.”
Izvo zvinoita senge yakanaka yekudzokera-kune-yekutanga-nzvimbo yekuti isu tisayine, kwete?
Zvakanaka, panjodzi yekushanda, handifungi kudaro. Kuramba zvinhu zvatakadzidziswa, zvinhu zvatakataura, zvinhu zvatakatora zviziviso zvedu uye masirogani ehondo, zvinhu zvatakatenda mazviri, uye zvatakakurudzira zvose kuti tipfuure tsika dzezvizvarwa zvakafa hazvisi nyore. nzira yekufamba nayo, kunyanya kana vanhu vazhinji vakadzidza zvikuru, vanomanikidza vakazvipira, vakashinga, uye vakabudirira vachidzokorora kutiudza kuti kuita izvozvo kunotisiya tisina ruzivo rwakakodzera kukunda shanduko. Saka panjodzi yekuenderera mberi, ndinoda kupa nyaya yacho zvishoma.
Pfungwa yevaratidziri kuti vajairane uye varerukirwe nemaitiro enguva refu seMarxism kana Marxism Leninism (kana chero imwe yenguva refu yakararama) sezvavanoenda kuruboshwe inofanira kunge iri yekuwana mune akadaro masisitimu maonero uye nzira dzinogona kubatsira ikozvino. uye kuita ramangwana.
Kufunga kana kuzvinyudza muMarxist (kana chero ipi zvayo) tsika yenguva refu isarudzo yakachenjera, hatifaniri kubvunza here, pfungwa nemaitiro akarongwa egamuchidzanwa aya hazvitadzisi here asi kuti zvitibatsire kunzwisisa mamiriro ese makuru atichasangana nawo kana tinorwisa kusaruramisira here? Havafaniri kutibatsira here kuedza kubata pamuviri uye kuwana nyika itsva inodiwa? Kana zvakadaro, isu tinofanirwa kudzidza kubva muunganidzwa wepfungwa dzakarongwa, kunyangwe tichishandisa mazwi edu. Asi kana zvisiri, hatifanire kukudziridza pfungwa dziri nani uye totanga kudzidzira kuri nani?
Kuti izvozvo zviitike, heano mamwe ekuwedzera muchidimbu kutonga nezve tsika yeMarxist yekukurukura, gakava, kuongorora, uye netariro yekupfuura:
1. Marxist "dialectics" idonzvo risina chinhu pakugadzira uye mutsara wemaonero. Kana iwe uchipokana nazvo, zvakanaka, bvunza kunyangwe muverengi akaverenga Marxist zvinoreva dialectics. Uye kunyanya bvunza kuti ndeapi dialectics anobatsira vatsigiri kuti vanzwisise izvo, dai vasina kudzidza dialectics, vaisazonzwisisa. Bvunza kuti chii chinoita madialectics kunze kwekutaura kusina maturo uye kusina maturo kunongosimudza varidzi vayo pamusoro peavo vanokundikana kubudirira kukwereta maitiro mamwe chete uye masirogani kubva kuzvizvarwa zvakafa.
2. Zvinotaurwa zve “Historical Materialism” zvine humbowo, asi kana vanhu chaivo varipo vakashandisa pfungwa dzekunyanya kuda zvinhu zvenhoroondo vanowanzosvika pakuona kwezveupfumi uye kwehunyanzvi hwemagariro evanhu vasinganyatsokoshesi uye vasinganzwisisi hukama hwemagariro evanhukadzi, zvematongerwo enyika. , tsika, uye ecological mavambo uye kukanganisa.
3. Marxist “class theory” yadzikatidza kukosha kwechikamu pakati pevashandi nemari, haina kukoshesa kupesana kwekirasi muhupfumi hwecapitalist neboka revashandi pazasi uye ine capital pamusoro, yave ichitadzisa ongororo yekirasi yeSoviet, Eastern Europe, uye Third World post capitalist economics, uye zvakanyanya kukanganisa kunzwisisa kukanganisa kwemaitiro nemazano anga agara achiwanikwa kunze kweizvo vatsigiri vakawanda vanga vachida kuwana.
4. “Marxist Labor Theory of Value” hainzwisisi nyaya yayo pachayo kusarudzwa kwemihoro, mitengo, uye purofiti muhupfumi hwecapitalist uye zvakanyanya kushandura pfungwa dzevamiriri kubva pamaonero anodiwa ehukama hwehukama hwekudyidzana-simba rekuchinjana kwe capitalist. Inotungamirawo vatsigiri vayo kubva pakuona kuti kushanduka kwenzvimbo dzebasa mabasa makuru ekugonesa mutsauko webasa, emasimba ekutaurirana, uye emhando dzekutonga magariro kwete mabasa ehukama hwevaridzi chete. Inoti vashandi vese vanozopedzisira vawana mari shoma yavanoda kuti vazvibereke. Asi zvino munhu anofanira kushamisika kuti chinangwa chekutsvaga mihoro yepamusoro ndechei, uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho sei mihoro yevatambi vakasiyana ichisiyana zvakanyanya.
5. Marxist “crisis theory,” mumisiyano yayo yose, kazhinji inomonyanisa manzwisisiro eupfumi hwecapitalist uye tarisiro dzeanorwisa capitalist nekuona kuparara kwenjodzi kusingadzivisiki uye kuri pedyo kana pasina tarisiro yakadaro iripo, uye nenzira iyoyo kutungamira vatsigiri kubva kune kukosha kwehurongwa hwavo hwechiono-inotungamirwa senzira inovimbisa zvikuru yeshanduko inodiwa.
6. Pamusoro pezviono zvenzanga dzinodiwa, gamuchidzanwa rechiMarxist rave richidzivisa zvikurukuru. Chekutanga kwave netsika yeMarxism yekupokana nefungidziro ye "utopian" iyo taboo inoramba chaizvo kuedza kubata chiratidzo chatinoshuvira kuwana. Chechipiri, Marxist causal economism yakafungidzira kuti kana hukama hwehupfumi hukagadzirwa hunodiwa saka humwe hukama hwemagariro huchawira munzvimbo, zvichiita chiono chezvimwe kunze kwehupfumi husina basa. Chechitatu, Marxism inovhiringika zvechigarire pamusoro pechinoumba kugoverwa kwakaenzana kwemari. "Kubva kune mumwe nemumwe maererano nezvaanogona uye kune mumwe nemumwe maererano nekushaiwa" harisi gwara rehupfumi rinoshanda nekuti kune mumwe nemumwe wedu kupa nzanga zvinoenderana nezvatinogona zvinoreva kuti isu tose tinofanira kushanda zvakanyanya sezvatinobvumira izvo zvinova zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo. zvine musoro kuti tishande. Nenzira yakafanana, kuti mumwe nomumwe wedu agamuchire mukuwirirana nokushayiwa kwedu kungava kuti tose zvedu tive nechinhu chipi nechipi chatinoda kana kuti, kana zvisina kudaro, zvaizoda kuti mumwe munhu kana kuti chimwe chinhuwo zvacho chisarudze zvatinoda nokuda kwedu. Chero zvazvingave zvingaremekedza kana kuburitsa ruzivo runoratidza kuti vanhu vanoda kana kuda chero chinhu chakadii uye kwete kungoti ivo vanoda / vanoda chinhu ichocho, uye izvo zvinozodzivirira kuona mutengo uye mabhenefiti ezvakasiyana sarudzo nenzvimbo dzebasa. Uyezve, tsika inombotaurwa neveMarxists panzvimbo pezvo, “kubva kune mumwe nemumwe maererano nechisarudzo chake uye kune mumwe nemumwe maererano nemupiro kune chigadzirwa chevanhu” haisati iri chirevo chakakodzera mutsika sezvo ichitusa kubereka, kubatanidza simba rekuzvarwa, uye kwete kungoedza uye kuzvipira. . Uye chechina, Marxism inobvumidza hukama hwemhando dzekugadzira, kupatsanurwa kwevashandi kwesangano repanzvimbo yebasa, uye inobvumidza kuronga kwekuraira kana kunyange misika senzira yekugovera nekuti nepo Marxism inoona kudikanwa kwekubvisa zvikonzero zvekutonga kwehupfumi hwecapitalist haitombozivi. kuvapo kwezvishoma kutsvaga kubvisa zvikonzero zvekutonga kwehupfumi murongi.
7. Zvichitorwa pamwe chete mirairo yeMarxism maererano nezvinangwa zvehupfumi inofanana nekusimudzira yatinoti murongi nzira yekugadzira inosimudzira vatariri, vanoronga, nevashandi vese vane masimba, vanonzi varongi, kuti vatonge chinzvimbo. Ichi chinangwa chehupfumi cheMarxist chinobva chashandisa zita rekuti "socialist" kukwezva kune vamwe vese vashandi, vashandi, asi hazviiti muhurongwa hwekuita zvido zvemasocialist (sezvinongoita chinangwa chezvematongerwo enyika cheboka remabhunu chinoshandisa zita rekuti "democratic" kuunganidza rutsigiro kubva kumapoka akasiyana, asi haina kurongeka kuita zvimiro zvegutsaruzhinji).
8. Pakupedzisira, Leninism neTrotskyism zvitubu zvechiMarxism sezvainoshandiswa nevanhu munharaunda dze capitalist, uye Marxism Leninism, kure nekuve "dzidziso uye zano reboka revashandi," iri, pachinzvimbo, nekutarisa kwayo, pfungwa, tsika. , mitoo, nezvinangwa, uye pasinei nezvakawanda zvezvishuvo zvevatsigiri vayo, “dzidziso nezano zveboka romurongi.”
Saka, kuti ndive pachedu pamusoro pezvese izvi, uye nekuwedzera caveat yakakosha, sezvo ndichitenda zvirevo zviri pamusoro, kunyangwe zvikonzero zvangu zvakapfupikiswa pano, ndaitarisira kupera kwemukuru, werudzi, ane masimba, ecologically kuzviuraya kweSoviet modhi, kwaizopera. kuvimbika kuMarxism neMarxism Leninism yakatorwa semagamuchidzanwa akazara, sezvo magamuchidzanwa ose aya akanangana nemisimboti yavo, pfungwa, pfungwa, uye chiono (kunyangwe zvisiri mushuviro dzakadzama dzevazhinji vevatsigiri vavo), pamuenzaniso iwoyo weSoviet.
Saka, dambudziko nderei? Kunze neiyo modhi, kunze nemafungiro uye mazano akatungamira kwairi. Izvozvo zvine musoro, handizvo here? Hongu, asi-uye heino caveat - chete kune imwe pfungwa. Kana dzidziso dzatadza kunyatsotsanangura chokwadi kana kutungamira zvinotsvakwa maitiro, dzinoda kukwenenzverwa nekururamiswa kana dzimwe nguva kunyange kuiswa mujeti nekutsiviwa. Uye, panyaya yeMarxism neMarxism Leninism, zvikanganiso zvinokurukurwa muchidimbu pano uye kazhinji zvakare zvinoshoropodzwa nevechikadzi, anti-racists, anarchist, makanzuru uye kunyange vazhinji veMarxists vanonyatso ratidza kune mamwe maMarxist core concepts kuitira kuti kururamisa pfungwa idzodzo hakusi kungoita. kudzedzereka zvine mwero nehurongwa hwenjere hwakadaro.
Ndiko kuti, tichifunga kuti tinonatsa zvakanyanya kana kutoparadzana nezvinhu zvakakura zvekunyanya kuda zvinhu, kuda zvinhu zvenhoroondo, dzidziso yekukosha kwevashandi, kunzwisisa kwakaganhurirwa kwekirasi yeMarxism, zano reLeninist, murongi anosimudza maonero ehupfumi, uye Marxism ichiri kusakwana kutarisa uye zvishuvo zve. hama, murume kana mukadzi, bonde, dzinza, dzinza, zvematongerwo enyika, uye maonero ezvakatipoteredza, hapana chinobuda chinoramba zvakakwana kubva kutsika yeMarxist kuti uwanewo zita idzva? Pamwe, pamwe kwete. Asi ndingapa zano kuti inguva—chaizvoizvo kuti nguva yatopfuura—yokuenderera mberi nechimwe chinhu chitsva.
Yangu caveat, zvakadaro, ndeyekuti ichokwadi zvakare kuti kana dzidziso dzakundikana kutsanangura zvakakwana chokwadi kana kutungamira maitiro, hazviteveri kuti isu tinofanirwa kuburitsa zvese zvavanotaura, pfungwa dzese dzavakapa, uye nekuongorora kwese kwavakaita. Zvakatopesana, zvinowanzoitika kuti zvakawanda zvichange zvichiri kushanda uye zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa (kunyangwe zvichida kudzokororwa) mune chero humbowo hutsva uye huri nani hwehungwaru.
Saka, muna 2024, apo dambudziko rinoswedera uye simba rekuchinja richikura, kudzidza kubva kutsika dzekare kunogona kutibatsira, asi tinofanira kuziva kuti kunyura mutsika dzekare kunogonawo kukanganisa chido chedu chekuongorora uye kutora maonero matsva akakosha panzvimbo yezvikanganiso. dzatakakwereta kubva kutsika dzezvizvarwa zvakafa.
Ichi chinyorwa chinyorwa chakagadziridzwa uye chakapfupikiswa cheiyo 265th episode ye podcast RevolutionZ yakanzi, Marxism Yakadzokororwa: Beacon Kana Mutoro?
Munyori anotarisira kunzwa kubva kune avo vanobvumirana uye kubva kune avo vasingabvumirani nemafungiro mazhinji anopokana echinyorwa ichi kuburikidza ne ZNet discord channel yakagadzirirwa chinangwa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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Nyika inoda vashoma veMarxism uye Marxism yakawanda.
Ndizvo. Kutendeuka kwakangwara kwemutsara - asi nei uchifunga kudaro?
Kana Vivek Chibber.
Ndokugamuchirawo…chokwadi ndinoda kuona mhinduro yakakomba kubva kuna Rick Wolfe zvakare, uye chero ani.
Ini ndakamirira, kutaura chokwadi, mhinduro yaJacobin kana Ben Burgis.
Ndinoda kuona zvese / zvese…