Lachitatu, February 18, 2009, mawailesi a wailesi yakanema a analogi ku United States anasiya, ndipo adzaloŵedwa m’malo ndi makina oulutsira mawu a digito onse. Chifukwa chodziwikiratu chakusintha uku kukhala wailesi yakanema ya digito (DTV) ndikuwongolera kanema wawayilesi. Ndi mawonedwe omasuka a wailesi yakanema chifukwa cha kutembenuka, mauthenga a chitetezo cha anthu akhoza kuonjezedwa ndi kukonzedwa, matchanelo ambiri a TV akhoza kupangidwa, ndipo khalidwe la zithunzi likhoza kuyenda bwino.
2009: kutha kwa analogi TV
Koma kwa owonera ma TV apano, izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mlongoti kuti mutenge kanema wawayilesi, mudzafunika TV yatsopano, kapena magwero ena a kanema wawayilesi (monga chingwe kapena satellite), kapena bokosi losinthira digito - kapena TV yanu imapita. mdima, kosatha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi vutoli ndi chochuluka. Akuti pafupifupi 17% ya anthu aku America (pafupifupi anthu 51 miliyoni) amalandilabe wailesi yakanema kudzera pa ma siginecha apamlengalenga. Ku Chicago, komwe ndimakhala, chiwerengerochi ndi pafupifupi 21% ya anthu okhala ku Chicago, malinga ndi mbiri ya 2003 mu magazini ya Media Week - pafupifupi anthu 630,000 mumzinda wa anthu pafupifupi 3 miliyoni.
Ndizomveka kuti ambiri mwa iwo omwe amagwiritsabe ntchito TV ya analogi sangathe kulembetsa ku chingwe kapena ntchito ya satellite chifukwa chakuti ali m'gulu la anthu osauka a ku America kapena ali ndi ndalama zokhazikika kapena zotsalira, ndipo m'pomveka kuti sangakwanitse kulembetsa. Pazifukwa zomwezi, mwina sangakwanitse kugula TV yatsopano yokonzekera digito.
Njira yotsalira ndikupeza bokosi losinthira digito. Ndipo zowonadi zoyesayesa zina zothandizira zikuyenda bwino. Congress yagawa pafupifupi $ 1 biliyoni kuti ipereke ma voucha omwe angathe kuwomboledwa pamabokosi osinthira. Banja lililonse laku America litha kutengera ma voucha awiri a $ 40 kuti athetse mtengo wamabokosi osinthira, omwe angagulidwe m'masitolo ogulitsa.
Pakadali pano, zikuwoneka kuti ma voucher salipira mtengo wamabokosi osinthira. Ma Digital Streams, omwe amapanga mabokosi osinthira ovomerezedwa ndi boma oyamba, alengeza mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa $ 69.99 pabokosi lililonse. Zowona, ukadaulo wotsogola ukhoza kutsitsa mitengo yamabokosi osinthira pakapita nthawi DTV Doomsday isanachitike kuti athandizire kukwanitsa kukwanitsa kukwanitsa kwa bokosi losinthira. Koma mafunso ambiri amawuka: Ndi zitsimikizo ziti zomwe zilipo kuti ogulitsa satenga mwayi pamsika wotsimikizika ndikukweza mtengo wamabokosi osinthira? Kapena ngakhale mitengo itakhalabe yotsika, kodi ogulitsa akukonzekereratu zomwe zingakhale kukwera kodziwika kwa mamiliyoni amakasitomala omwe angakhale osowa?
Mafunso akupitirira. Kodi anthu omwe amafunikira mabokosi osinthira digito okonzekera kuthana ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali pamavuto omwewo, monga kutenga nthawi yopuma pantchito kukadikirira mizere yayikulu? Pankhani ya olumala kapena okalamba omwe sangathe kuchoka m'nyumba zawo, kapena madera akumidzi omwe sangakhale pafupi ndi ogulitsa mayina akuluakulu, kapena aku America omwe sadziwa Chingerezi, kapena anthu opanda luso laukadaulo - ndizinthu ziti zomwe zikuperekedwa. anapangidwa kwa iwo?
M'madera akumidzi ngati Chicago, pakhala pali zitsanzo zazikulu za kulephera kwa ndondomeko za anthu, monga kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 1995 ku Chicago. Monga momwe zinalembedwera m’bukhu la Eric Klinenberg lakuti Heat Wave, zosankha zonyalanyaza mfundo za boma zinakulitsa tsokalo limene anthu pafupifupi 800 anafa. Pakusintha kwa DTV, sizikudziwika kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zikukhazikitsidwa, kapena momwe maboma ndi maboma angagwirire ntchito, kapena ngati aboma pamagulu onse atha kugwirizanitsa zinthu DTV Doomsday isanachitike. Chotsatira chake chikhoza kukhala cholozera chala pambuyo pake ndi pang'ono pothandizira anthu.
Zonsezi zimangoganiza kuti anthu amaphunzira za kutembenuka munthawi yake ndipo amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi nthawi yokwanira. Koma kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha anthu pakusintha kwa DTV ndikwachisoni - kafukufuku akuti paliponse kuyambira 60% mpaka 90% aku America, kutengera kafukufukuyu, sadziwa za kusintha kwa DTV.
Kuthekera kwa magawo atsopano a digito kumalepheretsa kuthekera kwa DTV pakupita patsogolo kwa anthu
Bungwe la National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), gulu lalikulu la otsatsa malonda aku US, lalonjeza kuti lipereka ndalama zokwana madola 700 miliyoni zowulutsa pawailesi yakanema kuti adziwitse anthu aku America za kusintha kwa DTV.
Ngakhale izi zitha kumveka bwino, NAB nthawi yomweyo yakhala ikukana mwamphamvu zoyeserera ku Congress kuti akhazikitse malamulo omwe angapatse zofunikira zamaphunziro kuchokera kwa owulutsa pa TV. Koma malonjezano ndi chinthu chimodzi; ndondomeko ndi zina. Ndipo poganizira kuti makampani oulutsa nkhani a ku United States amapeza ndalama zokwana madola 70 biliyoni pachaka kuchokera ku zotsatsa, zoyesayesa zolonjezedwazi zomwe sizinaperekedwe zikufanana ndi kudzipereka kamodzi kokha kwa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo XNUMX aliwonse a ndalama zomwe owulutsa amalonda amapeza.
Komabe, NAB yakhala ikutaya nkhondoyi; kuthandizira kuli kolimba mu Congress kuti pakhale lamulo lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zomveka bwino, ngakhale malamulo otere amatha kuchepetsedwa ndipo nthawi zina amapewedwa. Ngakhale lamulo litakhala logwira ntchito, kodi lingakhale nkhani yochedwerapo?
Kunena zocheperapo, zonse zomwe ndafotokozazi zimangopanda chiyembekezo. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti Commissioner wa FCC Michael Copps adalongosola kusintha kwa DTV ngati "ngozi ya sitima" yomwe ikubwera, pomwe mnzake wa FCC Jonathan Adelstein adatcha "tsunami".
Koma ndizotheka kuti zonse zikhala bwino. Aliyense atha kudziwa munthawi yake, ngakhale amene akufunika thandizo amapeza, ndipo tsiku lachiwonongeko la DTV - lodzaza ndi mizere yayitali ndi zipolowe za m'misewu ndi kuba ndi zithunzi zina zachisokonezo - zitha kupewedwa. Koma zambiri zikanayenera kuchitika February 18, 2009 asanakwane kuti apewe tsokali, kapena kuwonjezereka kwa masoka, omwe February 18, 2009 angakhale chiyambi chabe.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu Ogontha adandaula ku FCC akudandaula kuti "malipoti azovuta zaukadaulo pakudutsa ndikuwonetsa mawu otsekeka [mu DTV] akuchulukirachulukira", malinga ndi zomwe adalemba mu August 2007 FCC ndi Coalition of Organisations for Accessible Technology. .
Ndiye kuli Puerto Rico, kumene zinthu zikuipiraipirabe. Oposa theka la owonera TV aku Puerto Rican amagwiritsa ntchito ma siginecha a analoji pamlengalenga, ndi njira zochepa zopezera malo okhala kuposa ku States, malinga ndi Puerto Rico Telecommunications Regulatory Board.
Osuliza ena anganene kuti: Ndi mkhalidwe woipa wa TV, anthu ambiri angapindule popanda ma TV awo. Koma ngakhale kuti intaneti ikuchulukirachulukira monga gwero la nkhani ndi zidziwitso, anthu ambiri aku America amagwiritsabe ntchito wailesi yakanema ndi manyuzipepala kuti apeze nkhani ndi chidziwitso. Koma ndi mamiliyoni, mwina mamiliyoni ambiri, omwe akhudzidwa chifukwa cha fiasco yomwe ingachitike, DTV Doomsday ndi zotsatira zake zomwe zikupitilira zitha kutumiza mamiliyoni aku America mu dzenje lakuda la media, mwina osiyidwa ndi mpumulo wocheperako. Titha kuwona kugawika kwa digito, ndikuchulukirachulukira momwe US ikukhala dziko lachitatu padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe kukhala ndi TV kungakhale chizindikiro kuti ndinu m'gulu lamwayi.
Mkuntho wa Hurricane Katrina umabwera m'maganizo. Kuwonongeka kogwira mtima kwa mzinda wa ku America kunali koyipa, koma anthu othawa kwawo theka la miliyoni akukhalabe osathandizidwa pang'ono ndipo sangathe kubwerera ku Gulf Coast patatha zaka ziwiri mphepo yamkuntho itatha, monga momwe bungwe la International Tribunal on Hurricanes Katrina ndi Rita linanenera. . Anthu osauka m’tsogolo angakumbukire nthaŵi imene iwonso anali ndi TV.
Kusintha kwa DTV: kusweka kwa sitima? Tsunami?
Ngati pali siliva pakusintha kwa DTV, ndikuti kuthekera kodziwitsa komanso kukhudzidwa kodziwika pazinthu zokhudzana ndi media kungachuluke kwambiri. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu ambiri a ku America alowa m’gulu la nkhani zofalitsa nkhani, ndipo akhala akusintha. Pomwe anthu mamiliyoni atatu adapereka ndemanga ku FCC pa nkhani yomwe idalembanso mu 2003 (yomwe idaletsa voti ya FCC), titha kuwona kuti anthu ochulukirapo kakhumi akulowa m'bwaloli. Zikhala zokwanira? Kodi zingasinthe? Kuchulukirachulukira kotenga nawo gawo komanso anthu oyamba akutenga nawo mbali, mpata wabwino kwambiri pamapeto pake.
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