[Choyamba chinaperekedwa pa 2008 Gateway Greens Roundtable; Webster University, St. Louis, Missouri; Juni 29, 2008]
Muchiwonetserochi, ndikambirana mwachidule momwe mabungwe amagwirira ntchito, momwe zimagwirizanirana ndi misika ndi zomwe ndikuganiza kuti ndizolakwika ndi misika, ndi chitsanzo chachuma chotchedwa "participatory economics", chomwe ndikuganiza kuti chingalowe m'malo mwa onse awiri.
Mabungwe - makamaka mabungwe omwe ali ndi ngongole zochepa komanso ufulu waumunthu - ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, mwina chowopsa kwambiri, ku chilengedwe komanso tsogolo la dziko lapansi. Zitsanzo ndi legion: Exxon-Mobil ndi kutentha kwa dziko, Georgia-Pacific ndi kudula momveka bwino, Shell Mafuta ndi kuchotsa mafuta, General Electric ndi mafakitale a nyukiliya, ndi (zogwirizana ndi St. Louis) Monsanto ndi GMOs. Kunena zowona, mabungwe si okhawo omwe akuwopseza chilengedwe chomwe timagawana nawo, koma ndikuganiza kuti kuyesetsa kulikonse kuti apulumutse dziko lapansi kuyenera kuphatikizapo thabwa loyimitsa mabungwewa, kuchotseratu mphamvu zamabizinesi, kuopera kuti tingakumane ndi tsoka losasinthika.
Anthu ena angavomereze kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira kuchita, koma osati chomwe chili chenicheni. Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni aliyense kuti zomwe zimawonedwa ngati "zenizeni" zitha kusintha, mwina modabwitsa. Funsani aliyense amene adathandizira kutsitsa unduna wa Seattle World Trade Organisation mu 1999, kapena amene adathandizira kuyimitsa (monga momwe ndikudziwira) kufalitsa nkhani motsogozedwa ndi FCC mu 2003, kapena zina mwazoyeserera zofananira zomwe zidanenedwa kuti "nzosatheka". Kumene sizinali zenizeni, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti kuyesetsa kukulitsa chifukwa cha chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chilengedwe sikungapite patsogolo, nthawi zina kupitirira "zenizeni".
Cholinga cha chiwonetserochi ndi "chosatheka": Kupanga njira yolimbana ndi mphamvu zamabizinesi, komanso mwachiyembekezo zovuta zonse zamphamvu zamabizinesi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachuma yomwe imadziwika kuti "parecon", chuma chogwirizana.
Za Makampani
Pazolinga za ulalikiwu, ndiloleni ndifotokozere za bungwe kukhala bungwe lazamalamulo ndi lazachuma ndi cholinga chokulitsa phindu lanthawi yochepa kwa omwe ali ndi masheya ndikuwononga china chilichonse - thanzi la anthu, ufulu wa ogwira ntchito, ndi zathu. adagawana chilengedwe chilengedwe. Zowona, si mabungwe onse otchedwa "mabungwe", kaya pano kapena m'mbuyomu, anali motere kapena kumvera lamuloli, koma cholinga chathu ndi mabungwe omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chilengedwe, ndipo amatsatira izi. Choncho tiyeni tichepetse matanthauzo athu moyenerera.
Chifukwa cha mphamvu zochulukira zomwe mabungwe akugwiritsa ntchito, olimbikitsa ndale, ngakhale magulu onse omenyera ufulu wawo akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo m'mabungwe omenyera nkhondo, ndipo zinthu zikuyenda bwino. Komabe, kupambana kumeneko kwakhala kochepa, ndipo nthawi zonse kumakhala pachiwopsezo chobwezeredwa. Komabe, nchifukwa ninji, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa ndawala zamphamvu ndi magulu olimbana ndi mabungwe, pakhala pali malire ku chipambano ndi chiwopsezo chosalekeza cha kubweza? Pali zifukwa zingapo zotsimikizirira, zina zomwe zatenga chidwi kwambiri kuposa zina, koma ndiroleni ndipereke chifukwa chimodzi chofunikira: kuti chikhalidwe chazachuma chomwe mabungwe amapulumuka ndikutukuka okha amakhalabe m'malo. Nkhani yomwe ndikunena pano ndi kayendetsedwe kazachuma pamisika.
Kulumikizana kwa Market ndi Corporate Power
Pazolinga zathu, ndikutsindika za mpikisano wa misika mu tanthauzo ili la misika: bungwe la ogula ndi ogulitsa kumene ogula ndi ogulitsa amatsutsana wina ndi mzake pamasewera a ziro; ndiko kuti, wina amapindula mwa kutaya kwa wina, ndipo mosiyana. Nโzoona kuti nโzotheka kupeza ndalama ndi mphamvu mโmisika popanda kuwononga munthu wina, kapena pamene onse awiri angapeze phindu, koma nโzothekanso (komanso zofala) kuchita bwino mโmisika potenga maswiti ophiphiritsa kuchokera mโmawu ophiphiritsa. mwana.
Popeza kupambana mwachiwonekere kuli bwino kuposa kuluza, ndipo popeza munthu angapindule powononga ena pamsika, nโzomveka kuchita zinthu mwankhanza pamsikaโkukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino nthaลตi zonse mโnjira imene ingapindulire ena. Ndiko kuti, ndi zomveka kukhala chilombo, kapena kusonyeza makhalidwe ngati a chilombo, pamsika. Yankho limodzi lomveka munkhaniyi ndikulimbana ndi moto ndi moto, ndikukhala chilombo poyankha. Kenako imakhala nkhani ya zilombo kumenyana ndi zilombo zina. Ndipo chilombo chikakula, chimakhala ndi mwayi wopambana.
Ndipo ndipamene makampani amabwera. Bungwe likhoza kuganiziridwa ngati lofanana ndi chilombo pazachuma chamsika, ndipo m'nyengo yampikisano ndizomveka kukhala chilombo kuti apambane mipikisano imeneyo. (Izi zikufotokozeranso, ndikuganiza, chifukwa chake misika imakonda kuphatikizira - mkati mwa mpikisano, otenga nawo mbali amachotsedwa chifukwa chogula kapena kubweza kapena zonse ziwiri, kotero kuti pakhale osewera ochepa pamasewera, ndipo misika imayamba kukhazikika.)
Popeza misika imakhala ngati malo oyambira komanso ngati gwero lamphamvu kwamakampani, malingaliro omwe amaphatikiza misika m'masomphenya awo, ndikuganiza, ndi zolakwika. Zopereka zitha kukhazikitsidwa kuti zichepetse zovuta zomwe misika ikukumana nazo, monga momwe tikuwonera zoyesayesa zamasiku ano zotsutsana ndi mabungwe, koma mabungwe ali ndi chilimbikitso champhamvu kuti athane ndi vuto lawo, komanso ali ndi mphamvu chifukwa cha zero-sum predilection. misika kuti apambane nkhondo zawo zambiri.
Chifukwa chake ndikuti, ngati mumatsutsa mabungwe, tsutsani misika. Ngati mukufuna kuthetsa mabungwe, thetsani misika. Koma limenelo ndi theka chabe la nkhondoyo. Kupatula apo, mutha kufotokozera momveka bwino kuti kudya nyama ndi koyipa, koma muyenera kudya, ndipo ngati simupereka njira ina yochitira m'malo mwake, mumasiyidwa ndi njira yakale yochitira zinthu. Ndiye ngati mutachotsa misika, mumayika chiyani m'malo mwake kuti mukwaniritse zosowa zachuma, ndipo mumadziwa bwanji kuti m'malo mwake simudzakhalanso woyipa?
Malingaliro Odzichepetsa: Chotsani Mphamvu Zamakampani Pogwiritsa Ntchito Parecon
Mu 1991, Michael Albert ndi Robin Hahnel adasindikiza mabuku awiri omwe adayambitsa njira yazachuma yomwe imadziwika kuti "parecon", gawo lazachuma. Parecon ikufuna kuthana ndi zolakwika zamisika yonse komanso kulamula chuma. Mwachidule, chitsanzochi chikufuna kulimbikitsa mfundo za mgwirizano, kuchita bwino, kufanana, kusiyana, kudzilamulira, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.
Pali mabungwe anayi akuluakulu omwe parecon amagwiritsa ntchito kulimbikitsa mfundo izi: (1) Ntchito zonse ndizoyenera komanso zopatsa mphamvu. (2) Malipiro amazindikiridwa ndi khama ndi kudzimana pa ntchito yamtengo wapatali monga momwe amachitira ndi ogwira nawo ntchito. (3) Zosankha pazachuma zimapangidwa ndi mabungwe opanga zisankho omwe ali ndi omwe amagwira ntchito kapena kudyera m'nyumba, pomwe omwe akhudzidwa ndi chisankho amakhala ndi mphamvu zopanga zisankho molingana ndi momwe amakhudzidwira ndi chisankhocho. (4) Kukonzekera kwapagulu kumayankhulirana ndi kugawika, komwe mapulani ogwiritsira ntchito kapena kupanga amaperekedwa, mothandizidwa ndi njira yowongolera, kwa iwo omwe akhudzidwa ndi mapulaniwo, ndikuwunikiridwa ngati kuli kofunikira ndi omwe adapanga mapulaniwo motsatizana. kutengera mayankho amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwake.
Ndikuvomereza kuti parecon ingakhalenso njira yachuma yothetsera mabungwe chifukwa ndimakhulupirira kuti mabungwe sangakhale ndi moyo pachuma chogawana nawo. Chuma chotenga nawo mbali ndi chonyansa ku chilichonse chomwe chili ndi bungwe.
Mabungwe amakhala ndi magawo a ntchito, pomwe chuma chotenga nawo mbali chimafuna kuti ntchito zizikhala zokhutiritsa komanso zopatsa mphamvu (zomwe chitsanzochi chimanena kuti "maofesi ogwirira ntchito").
Mabungwe amalipira malipiro achinyengo ndikupanga zisankho zomwe (nthawi zambiri zosokoneza) zimakhudza omwe ali kunja kwa bungwe popanda kunena pang'ono pazosankhazo; parecon, mwa tanthawuzo, imalipira mwachilungamo ndipo imayesetsa kupereka mphamvu zopangira zisankho mwachilungamo kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali.
Mabungwe amadalira msika wakunja kuti apeze mphamvu ndi kutchuka pamlingo waukulu komanso kuti aziwongolera ndi kulamulira pamlingo wocheperako. Parecon sagwiritsa ntchito misika, koma kukonzekera kutengapo mbali kwa cholinga chogawana chothetsa kufunikira kopitilira muyeso. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ndikuona kuti nโkovuta kuti nsombazi zisambire mโnyanja yomwe yatayidwa.
Koma ngakhale parecon itathetsa mabungwe owononga chilengedwe, kodi chuma chotenga nawo mbali chimathandizira kuteteza chilengedwe m'malo mokhala mdierekezi wina yemwe timatsutsa? Ndikuganiza choncho. Deta yochulukira mukukonzekera kutenga nawo mbali ikuphatikizapo ndalama zowonetsera chilengedwe. Zochita zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri pazachuma kusiyana ndi zomwe zili muzinthu zina zachuma zomwe zimanyalanyaza ndalama zoterezi. Iwo omwe ali ndi ndalama zachilengedwe zotere alinso ndi mphamvu zopanga zisankho molingana ndi momwe amakhudzira, motero ali ndi njira kuwonjezera pa chilimbikitso chochitapo kanthu.
Masitepe Otsatira ndi Mayendedwe a Montesi
Ngakhale kuti chuma chotenga nawo mbali chikhoza kugonjetsa misika ndi mabungwe ndi ndondomeko zoyendetsera ntchito mu dipatimenti ya malingaliro, izo zimamasulira pang'ono pokhapokha pakupita patsogolo kulikonse muzoyesayesa zenizeni. Kungoganiza kuti ndi zomwe tikufuna, timazipeza bwanji? Yankho limodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito "kusintha kosagwirizana ndi kusintha" - kulimbikitsa omenyera ufulu pano ndi pano pakusintha komwe kulipo, koma osasiya kupambana pazofuna zawo (ngakhale zingakhale zofunika kwambiri). M'malo mwake, lingaliro ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusinthaku ngati njira yolowera ku zolinga zazikulu, pamenepa kuti tikwaniritse chuma chogwirizana.
Njira yotereyi imatha kukopa chidwi kwambiri ngati atha kukulitsa kukhudzidwa kwawo ndikugwirizana ndi mayendedwe ena apano akusintha kwabwino kwa anthu, monga zomwe zikuchitika kale motsutsana ndi mabungwe pazinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza chilengedwe. Zoyesayesa ziwirizi - zolimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali pazachuma komanso kulimbikitsana ndi mphamvu zamabizinesi - sizinafanane pang'ono, koma ndikuganiza kuti apindula kwambiri kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Zoyeserera zotsutsana ndi makampani [zambiri] sizikhala zotsutsana ndi misika, chifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti ali pachiwopsezo chamakampani omwe akubwerera. Koma kutsutsa misika kuli pafupi zosatheka popanda kuyankha funso: "Ndi dongosolo lachuma liti lomwe mumalimbikitsa m'malo mwake?". Ndipo pobwezera khama logwirizana ndi parecon likhoza kupeza maziko atsopano a chithandizo ndi mgwirizano umene analibe nawo kale.
M'malo mwake, ndikupangira "kuphatikiza" kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoyesayesa zotsutsana ndi makampani ndi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi gawo lazachuma. Izi ndimatcha Montesi Maneuver, wotchulidwa kubanja la atsogoleri achipembedzo m'mabuku azithunzi aku America m'zaka za m'ma 1980 omwe adapeza "kuphatikiza" kofananako motsutsana ndi kulumikizana kwina kwa mphamvu zowononga.
Kaya Montesi Maneuver uyu kapena njira zina zotere kapena "kuphatikizana" kapena zoyesayesa zonse zidzapambana sizikudziwika, koma zomwe ndikuganiza zikuwonekeratu ndikuti kuphatikiza kotereku kwa malingaliro osagwirizana kapena omenyera ufulu wachipembedzo kudzakhala kothandiza, mwina kofunikira, pakufuna kwathu. kutsutsa ndi kuthetsa mphamvu zamakampani, kupulumutsa chilengedwe, kapena kupitilira apo, kukhala "zenizeni".
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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