Imodzi mwa milungu yoyipa kwambiri m'mbiri ya Facebook - katundu wake adatsika, Congress ndi Nyumba yamalamulo idafuna kuti akuluakulu aboma apereke umboni ndikufotokozera, komanso Federal Trade Commission. anatsegula kufufuza kwatsopano-ndi chifukwa cha mfundo yosavuta: kampaniyo imagawana ndikugulitsa mbiri yophwanya zinsinsi za mamiliyoni a ogwiritsa ntchito.
Mavuto aposachedwa a Facebook adafika pamutu sabata ino pomwe malipoti angapo ofufuza ku US ndi Britain adapeza kuti kampani yazandale yachinsinsi ya Cambridge Analytica, yopangidwa ndi mtsogoleri wakale wandale wa Trump Steve Bannon, idaba mbiri ya ogwiritsa ntchito Facebook miliyoni 50. Mbiriyi idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pachisankho cha 2016 pazisankho zofanana ndi nkhondo zamaganizidwe: kukankhira, kulimbikitsa, kusewera tsankho, mumatchula, ndikukwiyitsa anthu mamiliyoni aku America omwe ali m'maboma kuti avotere Donald Trump-kapena kuti asavote. kwa Hillary Clinton.
Zikumveka kampeni ya Trump sanagwiritse ntchito makina ankhondo a Bannon izi zili choncho. Zambiri za Cambridge Analytica sizinali zabwino ngati nsanja zotsatsa za Facebook, molumikizana ndi mafayilo ovota a Republican Party. Kupitilira apo, kuti asiye kupereka ngongole kwa Bannon komwe sikuyenera, mavuto a Facebook amachokera ku mfundo yakuti ndi malo ochezera achinsinsi.
Koma izi, zomwe anthu ena zimawasokoneza kwambiri, sizosiyana ku Silicon Valley. M'malo mwake, zikuwonetsa zomwe zikubwera pansi pa ikukula mwachangu intaneti ya Zinthu. Kuzindikira kumeneku kuyika chipwirikiti chaposachedwa pazandale za Facebook, ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana aboma, kukhala m'gulu lachilendo: zomwe zili phokoso lero sizingasinthe zomwe zikubwera mawa, chifukwa kutayika kwachinsinsi kumaperekedwa chifukwa cha zopindulitsa zadziko lamawaya.
"Iyi si nkhani yokhudza kubera kapena kuphwanya zidziwitso, koma zachinsinsi za Facebook," atero a Paul Resnick, pulofesa wa Information pagulu. Center for Social Media Responsibility ku yunivesite ya Michigan. "Cambridge Analytica idasonkhanitsa zambiri za anthu 30-50 miliyoni, kudzera pa pulogalamu ya FB, koma sizikuwonekeratu kuti ili ndi zambiri za munthu aliyense."
Ngakhale Resnick adanenanso kuti Facebook "inalimbikitsa mfundo zake zachinsinsi zaka zinayi zapitazo, kuti mapulogalamu tsopano athe kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zochepa za abwenzi a wosuta kuposa momwe ankachitira panthawiyo," pali mikangano yambiri yaposachedwa ngati njirazo zinali zomveka kapena zofanana ndi mwambi. chala mu khola lotayirira. (Facebook inali pansi pa FTC lamulo lololeza kulimbikitsa chitetezo chachinsinsi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti alengeze kafukufuku watsopano Lachiwiri.)
"Cambridge Analytica kwenikweni imagwiritsa ntchito Facebook monga momwe idapangidwira: ngati nkhokwe yayikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri yazambiri za anthu." Alex Shephard analemba ku New Republic, kunena kuti Facebook, osati gulu la Bannon, anali wosewera "wakuda". "Kusakhudzidwa kwa Facebook ndi kulakwa kwa Cambridge Analytica m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi ndikuvomereza zenizeni izi. Wochita zoyipa mwa apo ndi apoโndipo pakhala pali zingapoโndi mtengo wabizinesi wamakampani, womwe ndi kugulitsa deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito.โ
Sandy Parakilas, "woyang'anira nsanja pa Facebook yemwe ali ndi udindo wophwanya deta ya apolisi ndi opanga mapulogalamu a chipani chachitatu pakati pa 2011 ndi 2012," adanenanso mfundo yofanana. Lipoti la Guardian. "Parakilas, wazaka 38, yemwe tsopano amagwira ntchito yoyang'anira malonda ku Uber, akutsutsa kwambiri lamulo lakale la Facebook lolola opanga mapulogalamu kuti azitha kupeza zidziwitso za anzawo a anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu papulatifomu, popanda kudziwa kapena kuvomereza kwa anzawowo. .โ
Koma akatswiri ndi ena omwe amaphunzira pazama TV, kuphatikiza njira zosonkhanitsira zidziwitso zomwe zimapangitsa bizinesi yopindulitsa yotsatsa, akuti aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ngati Facebook ayenera kudziwa kuti moyo wawo wachinsinsi ukukumbidwa kuti apindule. Nโzosachita kufunsa kuti anthu ambiri amene amagwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti saganizira zimenezi akamagawana maganizo awo kapena kutenga nawo mbali pazandale.
"Munthu wina akaphwanya zinsinsi zanu kuti apeze phindu, monga momwe tikuwonera ndi Facebook ndi Cambridge Analytica, zimamveka ngati mwabedwa," adatero Will Potter, pulofesa wa utolankhani ku yunivesite ya Michigan komanso wodziwika bwino woyimira ufulu wachibadwidwe. "Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tidapatsa Facebook makiyi azidziwitso zathu. Ndipo sizikuthera pamenepo.โ
Potter adalongosola kuti ogwiritsa ntchito pazama TV asayina ufulu wawo wachinsinsi potsegula maakaunti m'maina awo pamapulatifomu awa. "Facebook ndi imodzi mwamasamba ambiri ochezera omwe amaphatikiza miyoyo yathu, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amavomereza zomwe makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito osawerenga. Pokhapokha tikapanda kuwayankha makampaniwa, apitilizabe kulamulira mbali zina za moyo wathu. โ
Koma Potter akupanga mfundo yokulirapo-yomwe imapanga chilichonse chomwe FTC ingachite mu a kuwala kochepa: Chilichonse chomwe angalipiritse chidzakhala ndalama zogulira bizinesi ndipo sizingalepheretse kusintha kwa Silicon Valley kuyang'anira machitidwe a anthu ndikumangirira zida zawo zama digito kuti apange zomwe zimatchedwa Internet of Things.
"Mu [Facebook CEO] Mark Zuckerberg's 'manifesto,' mwachitsanzo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti analonjeza kuti: 'Timadzipereka kuchita bwino nthawi zonse, ngakhale zitakhala kuti zisankho zapadziko lonse lapansi zikupatseni mawu ndi kuwongolera.' Kuphwanya zidziwitsoku kuyenera kuthetseratu mwayi uliwonse woti Facebook igwiritsidwe ntchito povota, ndipo ndi mwayi kwa tonsefe kuganiziranso za chidaliro chomwe tayika m'makampani ochezera pa intaneti. "
Chithunzi Chachikulu: Zinsinsi Zimachepa Pamene intaneti ya Zinthu Ikukula
Mu 2014, Pew Research idasindikiza a lipoti kufotokoza momwe intaneti ya Zinthu idzayendera pofika chaka cha 2025 ndikukambirana malonjezo ake, zoopsa ndi zosadziwika. Zomwe zimanena zakusokonekera kwachinsinsi komanso zomwe zimachitika pagulu komanso pagulu zimagwirizananso ndi nkhani zaposachedwa kwambiri za Facebook pazambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito 50 miliyoni zomwe zikupezeka ndikubedwa mosavuta.
"Akatswiri ambiri akuti kukwera kwa makompyuta ophatikizika ndi kuvala kudzabweretsa kusintha kwina kwaukadaulo wa digito," Chidule cha Pew. anayamba. "Amanena kuti zomwe zikuyenda bwino ndi thanzi labwino, kumasuka, zokolola, chitetezo komanso zambiri zothandiza kwa anthu ndi mabungwe. Zoyipa zake: zovuta pazinsinsi, zoyembekeza mopitilira muyeso, komanso zovuta zaukadaulo zomwe zimatidabwitsa. โ
JP Rangaswami, wasayansi wamkulu wa Salesforce.com, adalongosola zomwe zikubwera: "Kuchulukana kwa masensa ndi ma actuators kudzapitirira," adatero, ponena za mapulogalamu ambiri, zipangizo ndi zipangizo zapakhomo zomwe zilipo tsopano malonda. "'Chilichonse' chidzakhala ma node pa netiweki. Chidziwitso chanthawi yeniyeni chomwe chikupezeka chidzapangitsa kuti anthu azingoganizira za luso komanso kupanga zisankho. โ
Koma monga lipoti la Pew lidanenera - komanso monga Bannon's Cambridge Analytica adadzitamandira kuchita, koma adalephera kuchita mu 2016-amakapitalist omwe adayambitsa kusintha kwa Silicon Valley akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta osati kungogulitsa zinthu, koma kuputa ndi kusintha machitidwe.
โAmbiri amayembekezera kuti woyendetsa wamkulu wa Intaneti wa Zinthu adzakhala zolimbikitsa kuyesa kuchititsa anthu kusintha khalidwe lawoโmwina kugula chinthu chabwino, mwina kuti azichita zinthu mwathanzi kapena motetezeka, mwina kugwira ntchito mosiyana, mwina kugwiritsa ntchito poyera. katundu ndi ntchito m'njira zabwino kwambiri, "adatero lipoti adatero. "Laurel Papworth, mphunzitsi wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu, adalongosola kuti, 'mbali iliyonse ya moyo wathu idzakhala yodziwika, komanso yamuyaya, ndipo tidzayankha kwa anthu ammudzi pazosankha zathu. Mwachitsanzo, kudumpha masewera olimbitsa thupi kudzakhala ndi nsapato zanu zolimbitsa thupi auto tweet (zofanana) ndi peer-to-peer health insurance network zomwe zingaganize zochepetsera malipiro anu. Pali kale makina omwe amatha kuwerenga ntchito za ubongo, kuphatikizapo chikhumbo, patsogolo pa malonda pafupi / pafupi. Sindikukayika kuti izi zidzayikidwa mu nkhokwe ya Big Data popenda manja, maonekedwe a thupi, ndi malo owonetsera zinthu zomwe zimakambirana / kugula / kuvota.'
Malingaliro a kusokoneza kwa digito Big Brother amasokoneza olimbikitsa zachinsinsi monga Electronic Privacy Information Center, kapena EPIC, yomwe kwa zaka zambiri adayitana FTC kukakamiza Facebook kutsatira zake Chilolezo cha 2011-Zomwe zawulula zaposachedwa za kuba kwa Cambridge Analytica kwa mamiliyoni a mafayilo ogwiritsa ntchito zikuwoneka kuti zawonekera.
Frank Pasquale, pulofesa wa zamalamulo ndi EPIC membala wa advisory board, anauza wofufuza wa Pew kuti kufutukuka kwa Intaneti ya Zinthu kudzachititsa kuti dziko likhale โlofanana ndi ndendeโ lokhala ndi โgulu lalingโono la โoyangโaniraโ ndi gulu lokulirapo la oyeserera, owonerera.โ Mu china nkhani, iye analosera kuti Intaneti ya Zinthu โidzakhala chida choti anthu ena aziona zimene anthu akuchita.โ
Ngakhale kuti ena amangonena za tsiku la chiwonongeko, chinthu chimodzi ndi chotsimikizika: chinsinsi chidzatha.
"Izi [Intaneti ya Zinthu] ikhala ndi zopindulitsa zambiri, komanso zotulukapo zoyipa zomwe zafala," Justin Reich, mnzake ku Berkman Center for Internet & Society ku Harvard University, adauza Pew. "Padzakhala zopindulitsa komanso kuphwanya zinsinsi. Padzakhala njira zatsopano zolumikizirana ndi anthu, komanso njira zatsopano zodzipatula, misanthropy, ndi kukhumudwa. Sindikutsimikiza kuti kusuntha makompyuta kuchokera m'matumba a anthu (mafoni a m'manja) kupita m'manja mwa anthu kapena kumaso kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi zomwe foni yamakono yakhala nayo, koma zinthu zidzasintha mofanana. Chilichonse chomwe mumakonda komanso kudana nacho pa mafoni a m'manja chidzakhala chokulirapo. "
Zomwe zikuwonekeranso ndikuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zidziwitso zaumwini-zolemba, zolankhula ndi machitidwe-zidzatsatiridwanso, akatswiri a Pew adati; nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zosayembekezereka.
โIntaneti ya Zinthu ndi yovuta kwambiri. Idzasweka, mobwerezabwereza, "anatero Jerry Michalski, woyambitsa REX, Relationship Economy Expedition. "Adzakhalanso tcheru ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka: adzachita zinthu zomwe palibe amene adazipangiratu, zambiri zomwe zimakhala zosafunika. Sitinasinthidwe mokwanira monga zamoyo kapena gulu kuti tipange mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zothandiza kwa anthu pa intaneti ya Zinthu. Tidzayesa kupanga zogwira mtima koma kulepheretsedwa ndi zovuta zachilengedwe. Zonama zabodza zochokera kumayendedwe amtunduwu zidzasokoneza chikhumbo cha anthu chokhala ndi zida zotsata zomwe akunena komanso malingaliro awo. Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira mawu m'chipinda chomwe muli anthu ambiri. Tsopano, yerekezani kuti malingaliro anu akutsatiridwa, osati kungolankhula chabe. Google Glass yakopa kale kubweza, anthu chikwi asanakhale padziko lapansi akuigwiritsa ntchito. [Inachotsedwa pamsika ndikugulitsidwa kwa asitikali aku US, oyesa beta adauza kale AlterNet.] Gulu lathu loyang'anira likuwona kuti ndi lopondereza, osati kumasula. Palibe mgwirizano wabwino womwe ungapezeke pakati pa olimbikitsa zachinsinsi ndi gulu la 'screen everything'. โ
Zovuta zaposachedwa za Facebook zikuyenda bwino chifukwa ndi nsanja yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ili ndi ogwiritsa ntchito 2 biliyoni, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa kuti ikuteteza zinsinsi za anthu mosakwanira. Koma kusonkhanitsa kwake zidziwitso zachinsinsi, migodi ya data ndi kaphatikizidwe sizosiyana kwenikweni ku Silicon Valley. Ngati pali chilichonse, machitidwe a Facebook akugwirizana ndi komwe Silicon Valley ikufuna kutengera dziko lapansi: kupita ku intaneti ya Zinthu komwe aliyense ndi chilichonse chimalumikizidwa palimodzi, komanso komwe chinsinsi, monga zimadziwika tsopano, chikutha.
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