Kuganizira za maphunziro kumaphatikizapo mafelemu awiri akuluakulu omwe amapanga njira ziwiri zophunzirira.
Gawo la maphunziro ndi lokhazikika komanso lokhazikika kwa munthu. Kuti tiganizire za maphunziro kuyambira ndi wophunzira, timayang'ana njira yoperekera chidziwitso ndi luso komanso kukulitsa maluso mwa ophunzira. Tikufunsa kuti njira yabwino yophunzitsira ophunzira ndi iti poganizira zofunikira za zomwe akuphunzitsidwa, mikhalidwe ya ophunzira, ndi luso la aphunzitsi?
Koma mbali ina ya maphunziro imakhalanso yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe. Kuti tiganizire za maphunziro kuyambira ndi anthu, timayang'ana njira yosinthira zidziwitso ndi luso ndikukulitsa maluso kuchokera pakuwona zosowa za anthu. Tikufunsa, ndi njira iti yabwino yophunzitsira ophunzira mogwirizana ndi zomwe anthu akufuna?
M'malo mwake tipeza yankho lomwelo kuchokera m'mbali zonsezi. Zokonda za anthu ndi za m'badwo watsopano uliwonse wa ophunzira zidzagwirizana. Ngati ndi choncho, tidzakhala ndi ndondomeko yomveka bwino. Ngati sichoncho, tidzasankha pakati pa kutumikira ophunzira kapena kutumikira zomwe gulu likufuna.
Owerenga ambiri ankhani iyi amakhala m'madera omwe ali ndi chuma cha capitalist omwe ali ndi umwini wazinthu zopindulitsa, magawo amakampani ogwira ntchito, kupanga zisankho mwaulamuliro, komanso kugawa msika.
Chifukwa cha mabungwewa, capitalism ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pachuma ndi ndalama. Pafupifupi awiri peresenti ya anthu, otchedwa capitalist, ali ndi katundu wopindulitsa ndipo amapeza phindu. Zomwe ndimatcha gulu la ogwirizanitsa la maloya amphamvu, madotolo, mainjiniya, mamanejala, ndi ena otero, akuphatikizapo pafupifupi 20% ya anthu, makamaka amawongolera ntchito zopatsa mphamvu komanso zowongolera tsiku ndi tsiku pazachuma chawo komanso moyo wa anthu ena. Ogwirizanitsa amapeza ndalama zambiri, kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwaumwini ndi gulu pazotsatira zachuma, ndi udindo waukulu. Pomaliza, otsika 80% amagwira ntchito mololeza, kutengera zomwe zili pamwambazi, sizikhudzanso zotsatira zazachuma, komanso kulandira ndalama zochepa. Ili ndi gulu la ogwira ntchito.
Kugawikana kwamagulu atatu kumeneku kumayambitsidwa ndi mabungwe akuluakulu a capitalism. Choyamba, umwini waumwini wa katundu wopindulitsa umadula malire gulu lalikulu la capitalist. Malonda amakakamiza eni ake kuti apeze phindu. Kupanga zisankho zamakampani kumawapatsa mphamvu zawo zotha kutaya katundu wawo.
Chachiwiri, chiwerengero chochepa cha eni ake ndi zofunika zazikulu zowongolera zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gulu la ogwirizanitsa. Gawo la ogwira ntchito limatanthawuza gulu la ogwirizanitsa ngati ntchito yopatsa mphamvu komanso mwayi wopeza zisankho zatsiku ndi tsiku. Zofunikira pakuvomerezeka zimatsimikizira kuti kalasi iyi ilamuliranso maphunziro, luso, ndi chidziwitso 'komanso chidaliro chomwe chimatsagana ndi izi.
Chachitatu, mbali zonse izi zimatsimikizira kuti gawo lalikulu la nzika zatsala ndi mphamvu zochepa kapena zopanda aliyense payekhapayekha, kuti azigwira ntchito zotsika mtengo, zotopetsa, zomvera.
Zinthuzi zidzasiyana m'masautso omwe amabweretsa komanso zosankha zomwe amalola, kutengera mphamvu yamagulu atatuwa. Koma muzochitika zilizonse za capitalism, kufalikira kwa mabungwe omwe akulongosola zachuma kudzakhala chimodzimodzi. Nanga zotsatira za maphunziro?
Ngati chuma chili ndi 2% olamulira, pafupifupi 18-20% akuyang'anira ndikutanthauzira, ndipo pafupifupi 80% akumvera, ndiye kuti osankhidwa atsopano achaka chilichonse kuchokera kumaphunziro akuyenera kukhala ozolowereka kuti azikhala m'malo omwe asankhidwa. Iyenera kukhala yokonzeka kuchita ntchito zake, kulabadira udindo wake, kunyalanyaza zododometsa. Zimenezi nโzoona kwa amene adzalamulire, amene adzakhala ndi mphamvu zolamulira zazikulu koma zocheperapo, ndiponso kwa amene adzamvera mokulirapo.
Liwu lothandiza pazonse izi ndikuwongolera. Mbadwo watsopano uliwonse umalowetsedwa kumalo oyenerera. Dongosolo la maphunziro limatenga anthu omwe akubwera ndikuwongolera kuti pafupifupi 80% ya mamembala ake chidwi chokhudza zochitika chichepe kwambiri, chidaliro chatsala pang'ono kufa, chidziwitso chimakhala chochepa komanso chocheperako, ndipo maluso akulu omwe aphunziridwa ndikumvera. ndi kupirira kunyongโonyeka. Ena 20 peresenti amayendetsedwa kuti ayembekezere kukhala ndi zonena, kukhala ndi chidaliro, kukhala ndi mphamvu pa luso ndi zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotero. Anthu osankhika amaphunzira m'masukulu akuluakulu 'omaliza maphunziro' monga Harvard ndi Oxford momwe angakhalire chakudya chamadzulo wina ndi mnzake, ndikukhala ndi moyo mogwirizana ndi malo awo apamwamba.
Mfundo yake ndi yosavuta. Ngati gulu likufuna kuti anthu ake azikhala ndi ziyembekezo zazikulu zitatu, ziyembekezo, ndi kuthekera, dongosolo lake la maphunziro lidzagawanitsa anthu ndikupereka zotsatira zosiyanazo. Munthawi imeneyi, kuyesayesa kulikonse kuyang'ana maphunziro kuchokera momwe munthu aliyense akukulitsa zomwe angathe kuchita ndikutsata zokonda zawo kungakhale kungolankhula chabe, kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi malingaliro akuti anthu ambiri alibe kuthekera kwakukulu kapena zokonda, kapena amayesa kupeza zotsatira. motsutsana ndi zosowa zachuma. Zowonadi, awa ndiwo malingaliro enieni okhudza maphunziro omwe timawona m'magulu athu.
Kodi pali njira ina ina iliyonse? Kodi maulamuliro a anthu nthawi zonse amangokhalira kukulitsa luso la wophunzira aliyense ndi zokhumba zake? Kodi phindu lalikulu la ophunzira lidzangobwera chifukwa cha kulimbana, ndikupitilirabe pomwe akutetezedwa mokhazikika, kumafafanizidwa nthawi ndi nthawi pamene kudikirira kukuchepa?
Pamene bungwe la Carnegie Commission on Education linkaona kuti maphunziro a ku United States ndi mbali ya zoyesayesa za boma kuti amvetse zimene โzinalakwikaโ mโzaka za mโma 1960, linaona kuti vuto linali maphunziro ochuluka. Chiwerengero cha anthu, bungweli linanena kuti, likuyembekezeka kukhala ndi zonena zambiri pagulu, ndalama zochulukirapo, kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito zambiri, ulemu ndi ulemu wambiri - ndipo pokonzekera kulowa m'zachuma, anthu ambiri adataya zomwe amayembekeza. anapanduka. Bungweli linanena kuti yankho lake linali loti achepetse chizolowezi cha maphunziro chopangitsa kuti anthu ambiri aziyembekezera zambiri. Zinali zofunikira kuchepetsa maphunziro apamwamba ndikupanga maphunziro apansi kukhala okhazikika komanso amakina 'kupulumutsa iwo omwe amayenera kulamulira, ndithudi.
Ngati tiyang'ana maphunziro kuchokera kwa munthu wophunzitsidwa, olemba ndi owerenga bukhuli akhoza kukhala ndi kusiyana kapena mafunso omasuka okhudza njira zenizeni, koma ndikukayikira kuti tonse tingagwirizane pa zolinga zazikulu.
Ophunzira ayenera kuthandizidwa kuti azindikire zomwe angathe kuchita ndi zomwe angathe, kuzifufuza, ndi kukwaniritsa zomwe akufuna kufotokoza, panthawi imodzimodziyo kukhala ndi chidaliro chachikulu ndikutha kuganiza, kulingalira, kutsutsana ndikuwunika njira zomwe zimafunikira kuti akhale m'modzi mwa anthu ambiri ofanana. ndi zisudzo osamala. Ena atha kupanga izi mosiyana, koma chinthu chimodzi ndi chodziwikiratu. Kuti maphunziro amtundu wotere achitike, anthu akufunika otere. Siziyenera kufuna akapolo olipidwa omwe amamvera komanso osachita chilichonse, mwachitsanzo.
Chifukwa chake kuti zigwirizane ndi maphunziro oyenerera omwe amachokera ku mbali ya wophunzira, chuma chikuyenera kuyitanitsa aliyense wotenga nawo mbali kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira mphamvu zawo ndi zomwe amakonda. Ndi chuma chamtundu wanji, m'malo mwa capitalism, chomwe chingachite izi?
Njira ina yomwe ndikupangira ndikuyitcha kuti participatory economics kapena parecon mwachidule. Mwachidule, parecon ikufuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira zinayi (kuwonjezera pa zosowa ndi kukwaniritsa zomwe zingatheke) pogwiritsa ntchito malonjezano anayi ofotokozera mabungwe. Mfundo zake ndi mgwirizano, kusiyana, chilungamo, ndi kudzilamulira. Mabungwewa ndi makhonsolo a ogwira ntchito ndi ogula omwe ali ndi zikhalidwe ndi njira zodzipangira okha zisankho, malo ogwirira ntchito moyenera, malipiro olimbikira ndi kudzipereka, komanso kukonzekera nawo limodzi.
Mwachidule, mtengo woyamba ndi mgwirizano. Ukapitalism ndi dongosolo lomwe munthu apite patsogolo ayenera kupondereza ena. Muyenera kunyalanyaza zowawa zowopsa za omwe atsala pansipa kapena kuwaponda, kuwakankhira pansi. Mu capitalism, monga mtsogoleri wodziwika bwino wa baseball ankakonda kunena kuti'ยฆ'anyamata abwino amamaliza komaliza.' Economics Participatory Economics, kapena Parecon, ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi chuma chogwirizana. Mabungwe ake opanga, ogulitsa, ndi kugawa amalimbikitsa ngakhale anthu osagwirizana ndi anthu kuti azitha kuthana ndi thanzi la ena. Kuti mupite patsogolo mu Parecon muyenera kuchitapo kanthu pamaziko a mgwirizano. Ndipo mtengo woyamba wa parecon uwu ndi wopanda mkangano. Ndi psychopath yokhayo yomwe inganene kuti zinthu zina zonse ndizofanana, chuma ndi chabwino ngati chimatulutsa chidani komanso kudana ndi anthu.
Phindu lachiwiri lomwe tikufuna kuti chuma chiziyenda bwino ndikusiyana. Misika ya Capitalist imapanga zosankha. Amapereka mwayi koma amaletsa njira zambiri zokhutiritsa ndi chitukuko mwa kusintha chilichonse chamunthu ndi chisamaliro ndi zomwe zili zamalonda, zopindulitsa kwambiri, komanso zogwirizana ndi magulu omwe alipo amphamvu ndi chuma. Mosiyana ndi izi, mabungwe a Parecon opanga, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kugawa sikungochepetsa zosiyanasiyana, amatsindika kupeza ndi kulemekeza njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera mavuto. Parecon amazindikira kuti ndife anthu opanda malire omwe angapindule posangalala ndi zomwe ena amachita zomwe ife tokha tilibe nthawi yoti tichite, komanso kuti ndife anthu osokonekera omwe sitiyenera kuyika ziyembekezo zathu zonse pasadakhale, m'malo mwake timadziteteza ku zowonongeka pofufuza. njira zosiyanasiyana ndi zosankha. Ndipo mtengo uwu nawonso ndi wosatsutsika. Ndi munthu wokhota yekha amene anganene kuti zinthu zina zonse ndi zofanana, chuma ndi chabwino ngati chimachepetsa zosankha.
Mtengo wachitatu womwe tikufuna kuti chuma chiziyenda bwino ndi chilungamo.
Capitalism imapindulitsa kwambiri katundu ndi mphamvu zamalonda. Limanena kuti amene ali ndi chikalata cha katundu wobala chifukwa chokhala ndi kapepalako amayenera kupeza phindu. Ndipo likunena kuti iwo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu zamalonda zozikidwa pa chirichonse kuchokera ku chidziwitso kapena luso la monopolizing, kukhala ndi zida zabwinoko kapena ubwino wa bungwe, kubadwa ndi luso lapadera, kutha kulamulira mphamvu zankhanza, ali ndi ufulu wochita chilichonse chomwe angatenge. Koma chuma chotenga nawo mbali ndichuma chifukwa mabungwe a Parecon pakupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kugawa sikuti amangowononga kapena kulepheretsa chilungamo, amachilimbikitsa. Koma tikutanthauza chiyani ponena za chilungamo?
Parecon amakana umwini wopindulitsa wa katundu. Ndipo ndithudi imakananso mphamvu yopindulitsa. Koma bwanji zotuluka? Kodi anthu akuyenera kubweza ndalama zomwe amapeza kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe amapeza ngati gawo lazinthu zamagulu? Zikuoneka ngati zachilungamo'ยฆkoma sichoncho?
Tiyerekeze kuti muzochitika zilizonse akugwira ntchito yofanana kwa nthawi yofanana panthawi yofanana, bwanji munthu yemwe ali ndi zida zabwino apeze ndalama zambiri kuposa wina yemwe ali ndi zida zoipitsitsa? Nanga nโcifukwa ciani munthu amene wapanga cinthu camtengo wapatali ayenela kulandila mphoto yoculuka kuposa munthu amene amapanga zinthu zocepa, koma zimene anthu amazifunabe? Chifukwa chiyani munthu yemwe anali ndi mwayi mu lottery ya majini, mwina kupeza majini akulu akulu kapena luso lanyimbo 'ยฆalandire mphotho yochulukirapo kuposa munthu yemwe anali ndi mwayi wocheperako?
Mu chuma chogawana nawo omwe angathe kugwira ntchito, malipiro ndi khama ndi kudzipereka. Ngati mutagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, mumapeza mphoto zambiri. Ngati mulimbikira, mumapeza mphotho yochulukirapo. Ngati mumagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta komanso ntchito zovuta kwambiri, mumalandira mphotho zambiri. Koma simulandira mphotho yochulukirapo chifukwa chokhala ndi zida zabwinoko, kapena kupanga china chake chomwe chimakhala chamtengo wapatali, kapenanso kukhala ndi luso lobadwa nalo bwino.
Kupereka mphoto kokha chifukwa cha khama ndi kudzimana kumene anthu amathera mโntchito yawo kuli mkangano. Ena odana ndi capitalist amaganiza kuti anthu ayenera kulipidwa chifukwa cha zotuluka, kotero kuti wothamanga wamkulu ayenera kupeza ndalama zambiri, ndipo dokotala wabwino ayenera kupeza ndalama zambiri kuposa mlimi wogwira ntchito molimbika kapena wophika pang'ono. Parecon amakana chikhalidwe chimenecho. Ndipotu, zopindulitsa malinga ndi khama ndi kudzimana, ngati munthu mmodzi atakhala ndi ntchito yabwino, yabwino, yosangalatsa, yopindulitsa kwambiri, ndipo wina atakhala ndi ntchito yotopetsa, yofooketsa, ndi yosapindulitsa koma yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa anthu, munthu wam'tsogoloyo amapeza ndalama zambiri. ora, osati loyamba.
Chifukwa chake, tili ndi mtengo wathu wachitatu, wotsutsana. Tikufuna chuma chabwino kulipira khama ndi kudzipereka, ndipo, ndithudi, pamene anthu sangathe kugwira ntchito, kupereka ndalama zonse.
Mtengo wachinayi komanso womaliza womwe parecon umamangidwa umagwirizana ndi zisankho ndipo umatchedwa kudzilamulira. Mu capitalism eni kapena ma capitalist ali ndi zonena zazikulu. Oyang'anira, ndi antchito aluntha apamwamba omwe amawongolera zisankho zatsiku ndi tsiku monga maloya, mainjiniya, akuluakulu azachuma, ndi madotolo, ali ndi zonena zambiri. Ndipo anthu amene amagwira ntchito mololera ndi momvera sadziลตa nโkomwe zimene zisankho zikupangidwa, komanso zimene zingawakhudze.
Mosiyana, chuma chotenga nawo mbali ndi chuma cha demokalase. Anthu amalamulira miyoyo yawo pamlingo woyenera. Munthu aliyense ali ndi mulingo wonena zomwe sizimasokoneza anthu ena omwe ali ndi mulingo womwewo wa zonena. Timakhudza chisankho molingana ndi momwe takhudzidwira nazo. Izi zimatchedwa self management.
Tangoganizani wantchito akufuna kuyika chithunzi cha mwana wamkazi pamalo ake antchito. Ndani ayenera kupanga chosankha chimenecho? Kodi mwiniwake ayenera kusankha? Kodi manejala ayenera kusankha? Kodi antchito onse ayenera kusankha? Mwachionekere, palibe chimene chiri chomveka. Wantchito mmodzi amene mwana wakeyo ayenera kusankha yekha, ndi ulamuliro wonse. Ayenera kukhala wolamulira mwankhanza pa nkhani imeneyi.
Tsopano tiyerekeze kuti mโmalo mwake wantchito yemweyo akufuna kuika wailesi pa desiki lake, ndi kuiimba mokweza kwambiri, kumvetsera nyimbo za rock ndi roll zaphokoso. Tsopano ndani ayenera kusankha? Tonse tikudziwa kuti yankho lake ndilakuti iwo amene angamve wailesi ayenera kukhala ndi chonena. Ndi kuti iwo amene adzavutitsidwa kwambiri 'kapena kupindula kwambiri' ayenera kunena zambiri.
Ndipo pakadali pano, tafika kale pakupanga zisankho zamtengo wapatali. Sitikufuna Phd philosopher. Sitikusowa chilankhulo chosamvetsetseka. Timangozindikira kuti sitikufuna munthu m'modzi voti imodzi ndipo 50% amalamulira nthawi zonse. Komanso sitifuna nthawi zonse munthu m'modzi voti imodzi ndi maperesenti ena ofunikira kuti agwirizane. Komanso sitifuna nthawi zonse kuti munthu mmodzi asankhe mwaulamuliro, monga wolamulira wankhanza. Komanso sitifuna mgwirizano nthawi zonse. Komanso nthawi zonse sitifuna njira ina iliyonse. Njira zonsezi zopangira zisankho zimakhala zomveka nthawi zina koma nthawi zina zimakhala zowopsa.
Zomwe tikuyembekeza kukwaniritsa tikasankha njira yopangira zisankho ndi njira zokambilana nkhani, kakhazikitsidwe ka ndondomeko, ndi zina zotero, ndikuti wochita sewero aliyense akhale ndi chikoka pa zisankho molingana ndi momwe akukhudzidwira nazo.
Participatory Economics imamangidwa pazigawo zingapo zomwe zimapanga chisankho cha mabungwe.
Ogwira ntchito ndi ogula amafunikira malo oti afotokozere komanso kutsatira zomwe amakonda. M'mbuyomu awa akhala makhonsolo ogwira ntchito ndi ogula. Mu parecon, mkati mwa makhonsolo, pali kudzipereka kwina kogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zisankho ndi njira zoyankhulirana zomwe zimagawira wochita aliyense pachigamulo chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa kunena molingana ndi momwe wakhudzidwira. Mavoti atha kukhala maulamuliro ambiri, magawo atatu, magawo awiri pa atatu, mgwirizano, kapena zotheka zina. Amatengedwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana, ndi otenga nawo mbali ochepa kapena ochulukirapo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kutengera zotsatira za zisankho zomwe zikufunsidwa. Nthawi zina gulu kapena munthu amapanga chisankho payekha payekha. Nthawi zina malo onse ogwira ntchito kapena makampani angakhale bungwe losankha. Njira zosiyanasiyana zovota ndi kuwerengera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pakufunika zisankho zosiyanasiyana.
Kudzipereka kotsatira kwa mabungwe ndiko kulipira chifukwa cha khama ndi kudzipereka, osati katundu, mphamvu, ngakhale zotulukapo. Ndani amasankha momwe tagwirira ntchito molimbika? Mabungwe athu ogwira ntchito molingana ndi momwe chuma chambiri chimakhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe ena. Ngati mumagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, muli ndi ufulu wopeza zambiri pazogulitsa. Ngati mumagwira ntchito molimbika, mulinso ndi ufulu wopeza ndalama zambiri. Ngati mumagwira ntchito zolemetsa kapena zowopsa kapena zotopetsa, muli ndi ufulu wopeza ndalama zambiri. Koma mulibe mwayi wopeza ndalama zambiri chifukwa chokhala ndi katundu wopindulitsa chifukwa palibe amene ali ndi katundu wopindulitsa 'zonse ndi za anthu. Ndipo simukuyenera kukhala ndi ndalama zambiri chifukwa chogwira ntchito ndi zida zabwino, kapena kupanga china chake chamtengo wapatali, kapenanso kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imakupangitsani kukhala opindulitsa, chifukwa izi sizimaphatikizapo khama kapena kudzipereka, koma mwayi kapena mphatso. Zotulutsa zambiri zimayamikiridwa, inde'ยฆkoma palibe malipiro owonjezera. Pamakhalidwe komanso potengera zolimbikitsa parecon amachita ndendende zomwe zili zomveka. Malipiro owonjezera omwe timapeza ndi omwe tikuyenera kulandira 'nsembe yathu pantchito. Ndipo zimatengera zomwe titha kupanga zambiri - khama lathu.
Chabwino, koma tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi makhonsolo ogwira ntchito ndi ogula. Tiyerekeze kuti timakhulupirira kutenga nawo mbali, demokalase, komanso kudzilamulira tokha. Komanso tiyerekeze kuti malo athu antchito ali ndi gawo lantchito. Kodi chidzachitike n'chiyani?
Pafupifupi 20% ya ogwira nawo ntchito omwe amalamulira kudzera m'maudindo awo m'gawo la ogwira ntchito m'magawo opangira zisankho zatsiku ndi tsiku komanso chidziwitso chomwe chili chofunikira kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika ndi zosankha zomwe zilipo ndikuziwunika, adzakhazikitsa ndondomeko. Mawu awo adzakhala ovomerezeka. Ngakhale antchito ena ali ndi ufulu wovota, kudzakhala kuvotera mapulani ndi zosankha zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi gulu la ogwirizanitsa. Chidzakhala chifuniro cha kalasi iyi yomwe imasankha zotsatira. M'kupita kwa nthawi osankhidwa awa adzasankhanso kuti akuyenera kulandira malipiro ambiri kuti akule nzeru zake zazikulu. Idzadzilekanitsa osati mu mphamvu zokha, koma mu ndalama ndi udindo.
Ndiye njira ina ndi iti?
Economics yogwira nawo ntchito imagwiritsa ntchito zovuta zantchito. M'malo mophatikiza ntchito kuti ntchito zina zikhale zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri ndipo ntchito zina zimakhala zofowoka kwambiri, kotero kuti ntchito zina zimawonetsa chidziwitso ndikukhala ndi ulamuliro pomwe ntchito zina zimabera malingaliro ndikumvera malamulo 'parecon akuti tiyeni tipange ntchito iliyonse kufananiza ndi ena onse muubwino wake. zotsatira za moyo ndi mphamvu zake.
Munthu aliyense ali ndi ntchito. Ntchito iliyonse imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri. Mu parecon, ndithudi ntchito iliyonse imagwirizana ndi luso ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu za munthu amene akuichita. Koma ntchito iliyonse imakhala yosakanikirana ndi ntchito ndi maudindo kotero kuti moyo wonse komanso makamaka mphamvu zonse za ntchitoyo zifanane ndi onse.
A parecon alibe munthu amene amangochita opaleshoni, koma m'malo mwake amakhala ndi anthu omwe amachita opaleshoni ndi kuyeretsa chipatala, ndi ntchito zina 'monga kuti kuchuluka kwa zonse zomwe amachita kumaphatikizapo kusakaniza koyenera kwa ntchito. Parecon ilibe mamanenjala ndi antchito. Ilibe maloya komanso ophika ofupikitsa. Ilibe mainjiniya ndi ogwira ntchito pamzere 'ngakhale ntchito zonse zomwe zikugwirizana nazo zimatheka. A parecon ali ndi anthu omwe amaphatikiza zinthu m'ntchito zawo kotero kuti kusakaniza kwa munthu aliyense kumagwirizana ndi luso lawo komanso kumapereka gawo loyenera la zochitika ndi ntchito zotopetsa komanso zosangalatsa komanso zopatsa mphamvu.
Ntchito yathu sikonzekeretsa ochepa a ife kulamulira ndi enafe kumvera. Zimatikonzekeretsa tonse kuti titenge nawo mbali pakudziyang'anira tokha kwa ogwira ntchito ndi ogula. Zimatikonzekeretsa tonse kuchita mwanzeru komanso mopindulitsa pakuwongolera miyoyo yathu ndi mabungwe athu.
Koma bwanji ngati tili ndi chuma chatsopano ndi ogwira ntchito ndi makhonsolo ogula, ndi malamulo odzipangira okha zisankho, ndi malipiro a khama ndi kudzipereka, komanso ndi malo ogwirira ntchito oyenerera 'koma tikuphatikiza zonsezi ndi misika kapena kukonzekera pakati pa kugawa? Kodi zimenezo zingagwire ntchito?
Misika imawononga dongosolo lamalipiro ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale mpikisano momwe malo ogwirira ntchito amayenera kuchepetsa ndalama ndikufunafuna kugawana nawo msika. Kuti achite izi alibe chochita koma kutsekereza anthu ena ku zovuta zomwe zimadzetsa kuchepetsa mtengo, ndendende anthu omwe asankhidwa kuti adziwe zomwe akuyenera kudula komanso momwe angapangire zotulutsa zambiri pakukwaniritsa - ndipo zikutuluka. , kachiwiri, gulu la ogwirizanitsa, lomwe lili pamwamba pa ogwira ntchito, likuphwanya malamulo omwe timakonda a malipiro, kudziwonjezera mphamvu ndi kuthetsa kudzilamulira komwe timafuna.
Ndipo zomwezo zikanagwiranso pakukonzekera kwapakati. Nawonso nthawi yomweyo ikweza okonza mapulani, ndipo posakhalitsa ikweza oyang'anira oyang'anira pamalo aliwonse ogwira ntchito, komanso onse omwe akuchita nawo zachuma akugawana zidziwitso zamtundu womwewo. Kukonzekera kwapakati kungakhazikitsenso gawo la gulu la ogwirizanitsa ndi ulamuliro wogwirizanitsa ogwira ntchito, omwe angapangidwe kukhala pansi.
Vuto ndilakuti misika ndi mapulani apakati chilichonse chimasokoneza zomwe tidawona kuti ndizoyenera. Tiyerekeze kuti m'malo mwa kuyika kwapamwamba kwa zosankha zomwe zakonzedweratu komanso m'malo mosinthanitsa ndi mpikisano wamsika ndi ogula ndi ogulitsa, tisankhe kukambirana kogwirizana, kudziwitsidwa komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi anthu omwe aliyense ali ndi zonena molingana ndi zisankho. iwo ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza zidziwitso zolondola ndi kuwerengera, komanso omwe aliyense ali ndi maphunziro oyenerera ndi chidaliro kuti apange ndikufotokozera zomwe amakonda. Izi zingathandizenso kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, malipiro a khama ndi kudzipereka, ndi malo oyenerera a ntchito, komanso zingaperekenso kuwunika koyenera kwa zotsatira zaumwini, chikhalidwe, ndi chilengedwe, ndikulimbikitsa kusagwirizana.
Kukonzekera nawo limodzi ndi njira yomwe mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi ogula amafotokozera ntchito zawo za ntchito ndi zomwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito poyang'ana chidziwitso cholondola cha zomwe zikuchitika m'deralo ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuwerengera kowona kwa phindu la anthu onse ndi ndalama zomwe asankha. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana mobwereza bwereza kwa zomwe zimakonda kudziwitsana kudzera m'njira zingapo zosavuta zolankhulirana komanso zokonzekera ndi zida kuphatikiza zomwe zimatchedwa mitengo yowonetsera, ma board otsogolera, kuchuluka kwa malo okhala kuti mudziwe zatsopano, ndi zina - zonse zomwe zimaloleza ochita masewerawa. kufotokoza zokhumba zawo ndi kuyanjanitsa ndi kuwakonza mogwirizana ndi zokhumba za ena, ndikufika pazisankho zoyenera zogwirizana ndi kupititsa patsogolo zomwe tafotokozazi.
Osewera amasonyeza zomwe amakonda. Amaphunzira zomwe ena awonetsa. Amasintha zomwe amakonda poyesa kupita ku dongosolo lotheka. Pa gawo lililonse latsopano muzokambirana za mgwirizano wosewera aliyense akufuna kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndi chitukuko, koma aliyense atha kupita patsogolo molingana ndi kupita patsogolo kwa anthu, osati kudyera masuku pamutu ena. Ndizosatheka kufotokoza dongosolo lonseli ndi mawonekedwe ake onse, ndikuwonetsa momwe zonse zilili zotheka komanso zoyenera munkhani yayifupi ngati iyi. Ndikufuna kupangira tsamba lawebusayiti www.parecon.org lomwe lili ndi mitundu yonse ya zinthu zokhuza parecon, ndipo apa perekani mwachidule mwachidule za momwe zinthu ziliri'ยฆ
Chuma chotenga nawo mbali chimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala opanda maphunziro. Nditha kupeza ntchito zabwinoko ngati kuchuluka kwa ntchito mu parecon kumakhala bwino. Ndikhoza kupeza ndalama zambiri ngati ndimagwira ntchito molimbika kapena motalikirapo ndi anzanga akuntchito, kapena ngati ndalama zimene anthu ambiri amapeza zikukwera. Sindimangopita patsogolo mu mgwirizano ndi ogwira nawo ntchito pazachuma, koma ndimakhudza zisankho zonse zachuma, kuphatikiza zomwe ndili pantchito komanso zazachuma zonse, pamlingo wolingana ndi momwe zisankhozo zimakhudzira ine.
Parecon sikuti amangothetsa kusiyana kosagwirizana mu chuma ndi ndalama, imapeza kugawa kokha. Sizimangokakamiza ochita sewero kuti aziphwanya miyoyo ya wina ndi mzake, zimapanga mgwirizano. Sikuti zimangopanga homogenize zotsatira, zimapanga zosiyanasiyana. Sizimangopatsa gulu laling'ono lolamulira mphamvu zazikulu pamene zikulemetsa unyinji wa anthu opanda mphamvu, zimatulutsa chikoka choyenera kwa onse.
Ndipo kotero, timabwerera ku maphunziro.
Makumi asanu ndi atatu pa zana aife pakali pano akuphunzitsidwa m'masukulu kuti apirire kunyong'onyeka ndi kulamula chifukwa ndicho chimene capitalism imafuna kwa antchito ake. Ena makumi awiri pa zana aliwonse amapangidwa kukhala osasamala ku mikhalidwe ya omwe ali pansipa ndipo sadziwa za kusasamala kwawo, kupatula iwo omwe ali pamwamba kwambiri, omwe amangokhala ankhanza.
M'magawo awiri, maphunziro akuyeneranso kugwirizana ndi magulu a anthu. Zoonadi, zimenezo zidzakhala choncho mโchitaganya chilichonse, nthaลตi zonse. Koma m'gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi parecon - poganiza kuti magawo ena a moyo wa anthu ndi olungama mofanana 'anthu adzafunika kuti tikhale okhoza ndi opanga ndi opindulitsa momwe tingathere, ndi kutenga nawo mbali monga nzika zonse.
Economics participatory economics ndi chuma chogwirizana, chuma chamitundumitundu, chuma chogwirizana, komanso chuma chodzilamulira. Ndi chuma chosawerengeka. Pachifukwa ichi, dongosolo lake la maphunziro lidzakhazikika ndi kupanga, komanso, mgwirizano, kusiyana, kufanana, ndi kudzilamulira - komanso luso lolemera ndi losiyanasiyana la kumvetsetsa ndi kulenga.
Mfundo ndi yakuti pansi pa nkhani ya capitalism ya pedagogy yofunikira ili ndi malingaliro awiri otheka. Kumbali ina, zitha kukhala za kuphunzitsa komwe kumagwirizana ndi kuberekana kwa magulu a anthu. Zikatero, ndizokhudza kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera kuposa zomwe ambiri aife tikutanthauza ndi maphunziro, monga kumangirira ndi kukwaniritsa. Kumbali ina, zitha kukhala zakumangirira ndi kukwaniritsidwa, koma ndiye zimatsutsana. Ikuyesera kukhazikitsa zotulukapo zotsutsana ndi malingaliro a msika, umwini waumwini, malipiro a katundu ndi mphamvu, ndi magawo a ntchito zamakampani.
Mfundo yanga munkhaniyi ndikuti ngati tikufuna maphunziro oyenerera - monga chisamaliro choyenera chaumoyo, luso, masewera, kupanga, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito, - tidzafunika chuma chatsopano chokhala ndi malingaliro atsopano ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo ndikanafuna. kutsutsana kuti chuma chatsopanochi chiyenera kukhala chomwe ndachitcha kuti chuma chogwirizanitsa.
Ndi chuma chotenga nawo mbali, maphunziro abwino sizinthu zomwe timapambana ndiyeno kuziteteza kapena kutaya nthawi zonse chifukwa mabungwe omwe ali m'gulu la anthu akutsutsana nawo. Maphunziro abwino ndi gawo limodzi la malingaliro a anthu.
Kodi pali zokhuza pamapangidwe enieni ndi njira zamaphunziro ndi maphunziro zomwe zimakhazikika mumalingaliro ndi kapangidwe ka parecon? Ndinganene kuti yankho lake ndi inde, osati chifukwa choti masukulu amaphunziro azidziyendetsa okha, atha kulumikizana ndikukonzekera kutenga nawo mbali, kuphatikiza ntchito zofananira, ndi zina zotero.
Kutanthauzo lenileni la zonse zokhudzana ndi kuphunzitsa, ngakhale, komanso zokhudzana ndi zina zokhudzana ndi njira zenizeni zophunzitsira, kuphunzira, kugawana, ndi zina zotero, ndiribe okonzeka kupereka ngakhale malingaliro. Kulibwino ndiyime pomwepa. Ndafotokoza mfundo imodzi yotakata pa nkhani ya zachuma ya maphunziro, ponse paลตiri pamene tikupirira pakali pano ndiponso mmene tingasangalalire nayo mโtsogolo labwino, imene ndimadzimva kukhala wosungika potsimikizira. Capitalism imathetsa zokhumba za maphunziro oyenera. Parecon amawatsimikizira..
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