Gwero: Tamara Pearson
M'miyezi ingapo yapitayi, mikhalidwe ya anthu osamukira ku Mexico yakula kwambiri. Malo ambiri ogona akadali otsekedwa kwa osamukira atsopano chifukwa cha mliriwu komanso US kutumiza anthu omwe amafika kumalire mkati. hours, ambiri othawa kwawo ndi osamukira ku Mexico akukhala mโmisewu.
Njira zoletsa zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa osamukira m'dzina la mliriwu sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa alendo, kapena magalimoto onyamula katundu omwe amadutsa malire ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika komanso zosafunikira.
Inde alendo ochokera ku US - dziko ndi wapamwamba kwambiri anthu omwe anamwalira kuchokera ku COVID-19 - akupitiliza kuwuluka kupita ku Mexico kukasangalala ndi tchuthi ku Cancun ndi kwina.
"Ngati mwakonzeka komanso omasuka kuuluka, Cancun ndi malo omwe amakopera mabokosi onse," analemba mlendo m'modzi mu Julayi. Cancun idatseguliranso ntchito zokopa alendo pa Juni 8, ndipo ngakhale ku Europe sikulola anthu ochokera ku US kulowa, Mexico ndi imodzi mwamayiko otukuka. ochepa za mayiko omwe adzatero. Ndipo ngakhale Mexico kusanja Chachitatu padziko lapansi chifukwa cha kufa kwa COVID-19 - pambuyo pa US ndi Brazil - kuyenda malangizo kuchokera ku dipatimenti ya boma ku US imawona mbali zina zake kukhala zotetezeka kupitako kuposa Canada panthawi yolemba.
Ngakhale wosadalirika fufuzani kutentha pa eyapoti zawoneka zokwanira kwa alendo omwe amalowa ndi ndege, omwe aloledwa kupitiliza kuwuluka kupita ku Mexico panthawi yonse ya mliri, Mexico ndi US posachedwa. adagwirizana kukulitsa kutseka kwa malire a dzikolo, komwe kumangolola kuwoloka malire kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku United States "paulendo wofunikira" mpaka Seputembara 21. Kuyimitsa kufalikira kwa COVID-19 chinali chifukwa chomwe adapereka mlembi wachitetezo cha dziko, Chad Wolf, koma zomveka zikuwoneka ngati zonyoza chifukwa cha kupitiriza kuyenda pandege. Pakadali pano, kutsekedwa kwa malire kumangowonjezera mikhalidwe yowopsa yomwe anthu akusamukira.
Ndondomeko yaku US "yobwerera" mwachangu idakhazikitsidwa pa Marichi 24, 2020, akuti aletse kufalikira kwa COVID-19. Ndondomekoyi imachokera pa Mutu 42, yomwe yakhalapo mwanjira ina kuyambira m'ma 1890 kuyimitsa mabwato omwe anali ochokera kumayiko omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana monga nthomba kulowa madoko aku US. Komabe, aka ndi koyamba kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamalire a US-Mexico, ndipo sizachilendo chifukwa ndi kupititsa patsogolo lamulo la anthu olowa mโdziko.
Zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi 91 peresenti ya osamuka omwe adagwidwa akuyesa kuwoloka kuchokera ku Mexico kupita kumalire akumwera chakumadzulo kwa US akubwezeredwa pasanathe maola awiri, malinga kwa Customs and Border Protection Acting Commissioner Mark Morgan. Panali 38,347 mantha mu July, chiwerengero chapamwamba poyerekeza ndi miyezi isanu ndi inayi yapitayi. Kutumiza anthu osamukira kumayiko ena amakana ufulu wawo wachibadwidwe wopempha chitetezo ndi ufulu wawo mwalamulo panjira yoyenera. Ngakhale ana omwe akuyezetsa zoipa chifukwa cha COVID-19 sakupatsidwa chitetezo chalamulo chomwe ali nacho.
COVID-19 ngati Chifukwa Chophwanya Ufulu Wachibadwidwe
Pomwe boma la US likuchepa kwambiri poyesa kuthana ndi kachilomboka m'malire ake, likugwiritsa ntchito COVID-19 ngati chifukwa chomveka chothamangitsira anthu ambiri ndikutsekeredwa m'ndende, Mlongo Marรญa Magdalena Silva Renterรญa adauza. Zowona. Iye ndiye mutu wa CAFEMIN, malo ogona amayi ndi ana ku Mexico City, ndipo amagwirizanitsa WOMBOLA, gulu la malo ogona 23 ku Mexico.
Njira zoletsa zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa osamukira m'dzina la mliriwu sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa alendo.
Maycon Peรฑa, wothawa kwawo yemwe akukhala kumalo osungirako anthu ku Mexico City, adathawa ku Honduras chifukwa chotsutsa boma komanso chifukwa cha ziwawa zamagulu. โKutseka malire ndi ndale chabe. Sindikugwirizana nazo,โ adatero Zowona. "Mliriwu si chifukwa cholepheretsa kucheza ndi anthu omwe achoka m'dziko lawo ndipo ayenda mtunda wautali kukapempha chitetezo."
"Kutseka kwa malire si njira yachitetezo," adatero Silva. Ananenanso kuti malire akummwera ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico ndi "porous". Chifukwa ndiatali, pali mbali zina za malire zomwe sizimayendetsedwa. Kuchulukitsa chitetezo ndikubweza osamukira kumalo ofunikira, adati, zimangotanthauza kuti osamukira kwawo amakakamizika kuyesa kudutsa madera oopsa.
"Ozembetsa akupindula ndi izi, zigawenga zokonzedwa, chifukwa amalanda ndi kulanda anthu othawa kwawo ndikuwakakamiza kuti alowe ku US ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti awathandize kudutsa malire omwe alibe chitetezo," adatero.
M'malire a kumpoto kwa Mexico, pali chipwirikiti komanso kuchulukana kwakukulu, Silva adati. Iye anafotokoza mmene anthu ena amene anali nawo mโmaulendo apamtunda ochokera ku Central America chaka chimodzi ndi theka chapitacho akadalipo, akuyembekezera kuwoloka. "Ndikutseka, anthu ambiri akuganiza kuti ndibwino kuti asawoloke, chifukwa amakhala pafupi ndi malire ndikudikirira," adatero.
Osamukira omwe akudikirira kuwoloka nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chomenyedwa, kugwiriridwa, kulanda, ndi ziwopsezo zina. Ena 56 peresenti ya othawa kwawo ndi othawa kwawo zomwe Madokotala Opanda Malire adapitako ku Nuevo Leon chaka chatha, mwachitsanzo, adazunzidwa podikirira. Ngakhale mliriwu usanachitike, osamukira kumayiko ena samachoka m'malo okhala, kuopa kubedwa.
UN ndi kukhazikitsa nyumba zomangidwa kale, zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'misasa ina ya anthu othawa kwawo padziko lonse lapansi, kuyesa kuthandiza ena mwa masauzande ambiri osamukira kumalire. Kupatula kuthana ndi zinthu zosatetezeka, kusatsimikizika komanso mliri, othawa kwawo tsopano akukumana ndi mvula yamkuntho komanso nyengo yamkuntho.
Anthu amene atembenuzidwira mโmalire akupanganso ena mwa amene tsopano akudikirira pamenepo. Ambiri a iwo ndi ochokera ku Central America ndipo alibe zolumikizira kapena njira zopitira kwina kulikonse. Ngakhale omwe amathamangitsidwa ku Mexico City kapena ku Guadalajara nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda pokhala kapena ziwawa zamagulu. Kuthamangitsidwa, Amnesty International limati, akuphwanya malamulo a US othawa kwawo komanso zomwe akuchita mapangano.
Njira za Mliri ku Mexico Zikusiya Osamukira Ali Osowa Pokhala Komanso Osowa Ntchito
Kutsekedwa kwa malire kukukulitsanso zovuta zomwe zachitika kale kwa omwe akukhalamo kapena akuyendabe ku Mexico. Ndi mliriwu, malo ogona ambiri adatseka zitseko zawo kwa obwera kumene, ndipo akakamiza omwe asamukira pano kuti apeze pogona pokhapokha pakachitika ngozi kapena kufunikira kowonana ndi dokotala.
Pafupifupi 91 peresenti ya osamuka omwe adamangidwa akuyesa kuwoloka kuchokera ku Mexico kupita kumalire akumwera chakumadzulo kwa US akubwezeredwa pasanathe maola awiri.
COMAR, bungwe la Mexico Commission for Helping Refugees, layimitsa njira, kutanthauza kuti othawa kwawo omwe atsekeredwa sadziwa zomwe zikuchitika ndi pempho lawo. Ena, mosimidwa, akusiya njira zawo. Atsekeredwa m'misasa kwa pafupifupi miyezi isanu tsopano, osamukira nawonso ali kumverera nkhawa ndi kukhumudwa. Nthawi zambiri ana osamukira kumayiko ena sakulandira zofunikira zawo zamaphunziro ndi masewera. Achinyamata ena osatsagana nawo akukumana ndi kuthamangitsidwa, koma zitha kutenga miyezi inayi, Silva adati.
Zopereka ku malo okhala kuchepa, popeza mabizinesi ndi anthu, omwe akhudzidwa ndi mavuto azachuma omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mliriwu, alibe chochita. M'madera ambiri a ku Mexico, malo ogona amadalira njira zawo zopezera chakudya.
Chifukwa chakuti nyumba zingapo zatsekedwa, ambiri mwa amene akuyesera kudutsa ku Mexico akugona mumsewu. Silva adati izi zimawawonetsanso zachiwawa komanso nkhanza. Iwo omwe m'mbuyomu anali ndi ntchito, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osatetezeka komanso osagwira ntchito, anali m'gulu la anthu oyamba kuzunzidwa. ulova chifukwa cha mliri.
โNtchito yomwe ndili nayo panopa isanayambe, ndinkagwira ntchito yophika buledi. Adatseka kwa mwezi umodzi ndi mliriwu ndipo sindingathe kupita popanda ntchito, ndidapeza ntchito ina, "adatero Peรฑa. "Ndinkagwira ntchito yogulitsa, ndipo abwana adanena kuti malonda atsika kotero sakanakhoza kutilipira, ndipo ndinayenera kusiya zimenezo. Ndikudziwa anthu ambiri amene amalandira ndalama zochepa kapena amene anachotsedwa ntchito. Mliriwu wakhudza kwambiri anthu osamukira kumayiko ena. โ
Central America ndi Mexico akumva kuchuluka kwa umphawi chifukwa cha mliriwu. Ku Mexico, omwe ali ndi ndalama zomwe ndi zosakwanira kukwaniritsa zofunika zofunika zinawonjezeka kufika pa 55 peresenti cha ogwira ntchito. Ena miliyoni 16 Anthu aku Mexico alowa muumphawi wadzaoneni m'miyezi ingapo yapitayi. Ku Honduras, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akukumana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chakudya chatsala pang'ono kawiri.
Bungwe la International Migration Organisation kafukufuku zomwe zidachitika mu June zidapeza kuti 84 peresenti ya osamukira kwawo akukonzekera kuyambiranso kusamuka ziletso zikachotsedwa.
Anthu othawa kwawo akayambiranso kuyenda, kuwathandiza ndi kulemekeza ufulu wawo walamulo ndi waumunthu kudzakhala kofunikira.
Chinyengo cha US kutseka malire ake kwa othawa kwawo ndi othawa kwawo pomwe alendo ake amayenda momasuka kupita ku Mexico akuwonetsa kuti mfundozi sizokhudza kuletsa kufalikira kwa COVID-19. M'malo mwake, iwo ndi chisonyezero cha mphamvu ndi tsankho, ndi kukulitsa kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa mayiko awiriwa.
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