M'modzi mwa ngwazi zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi alibe tsamba la Wikipedia. Ngakhale kuti wachita zambiri kutetezera dziko lamoyo kuposa pafupifupi aliyense wamoyo, dzina lake silidziwika. Zinali chifukwa chakuti ali chete komanso akudziwonetsera yekha ndipo mwina chifukwa chosadziwa zambiri za Central America zomwe ochepa a ife timamvapo. Alvaro Umaรฑa.
Izi zitha kusintha. Amapanga filimu yochititsa chidwi, yomwe tsopano yatulutsidwa ku Netherlands ndikukambirana za malonda apadziko lonse, otchedwa Paradaiso Woyalidwa (Kuwulura: Ndinafunsidwanso). Ndinkhani yoyamba yautali yomwe ndawonapo yomwe imachita mwanzeru ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri yachilengedwe: kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka. Mosiyana ndi otchuka koma osokera mafilimu monga Mpsompsonani pansi or Famu Yaing'ono Yaikulu Kwambiri, imazindikira kuti kufalikira kwa malo osungiramo nthaka ndi chiwopsezo chakupha kwa zamoyo. Zimapangitsa kuti, pokhapokha titawerengera mahekitala ndikusankha pamodzi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino, tidzataya kulimbana kuti titeteze dziko lapansi.
Paradaiso Woyalidwa ikufotokoza nkhani ya kusinthika kodabwitsa kwambiri kwa chilengedwe Padziko Lapansi: kusinthika kwa Costa Rica. Kuyambira 1986 mpaka 1990, Umaรฑa anali nduna ya zachilengedwe m'boma la รscar Arias. Arias adalandira mphotho yamtendere ya Nobel chifukwa cha zokambirana zake zachigawo. Koma kusuntha kodabwitsa kwachilengedwe komwe kumapangidwa ndi Umaรฑa sikudziwika bwino.
Mpaka pomwe boma la Arias lidatenga ulamuliro, dziko la Costa Rica lidakumana ndi chiwopsezo choipitsitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi: pakuwunika kwasayansi kumodzi, nkhalango zake zakutchire. anagwa mpaka 24.4% yokha ya dziko.
Masiku ano, nkhalango zimakhala ndi 57%, zomwe, Umaรฑa amandiuza, zili pafupi kwambiri: madera ena sanakhalepo ndi nkhalango, pamene ena tsopano akukhala ndi mafamu ndi mizinda yopindulitsa. Ngakhale kugwetsa matabwa pang'ono osaloledwa kukupitirirabe, Costa Rica ndi dziko lokhalo lotentha lomwe lili ndi zambiri kapena zochepa anaima kenako nโkubwerera kudula mitengo. Tsopano ili ndi imodzi mwa magawo apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi malo otetezedwa. Zinachitika bwanji?
Umaรฑa ananyengerera Arias kuti amulole kuyendetsa dipatimenti yatsopano (yamphamvu ndi chilengedwe) yokhala ndi udindo wosamalira malo otetezedwa. Iye anawona kuti ntchito yaikulu inali kusintha zolimbikitsa zachuma. Ngakhale kuti kuweta ngโombe kunali kosabala, popeza kuti malowo akanatha kukhala ndi ngโombe imodzi yokha pa hekitala, kunali kopindulitsa pangโono kuposa kulola nkhalango kuima.
Dipatimenti yake inaลตerengera mtengo wamwaลตi wotaya ngโombe pa $64 pachaka, chotero izi zinali ndalama zomwe zinkapereka zotetezera kapena kukonzanso hekitala ya nkhalango. Anayamba ndi kufika kwa alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi oimira awo, m'madera omwe anthu amamvera kwambiri lingaliroli. Eni minda aangโono kwambiri anapatsidwa thandizo, okulirapo pangโono anapatsidwa ngongole zofewa, ndi lonjezo lakuti ngati nkhalango yawo idakalipobe pambuyo pa zaka zisanu, ingakhale chikole cha ngongoleyo. Dongosololi linali lopambana modabwitsa: 97% ya omwe adalandira ngongole adateteza kapena kubwezeretsa mitengo pamtunda wawo. Pamene eni minda kulikonse adawona kuti ndondomekoyi inali yothandiza pazachuma, idakhala yochuluka kwambiri.
Akufuna ndalama zambiri, mu 1988 Umaรฑa adavomereza kusinthanitsa ngongole kwa chilengedwe ndi boma la Dutch. Zingachotse mbali ina ya ngongole yakunja ngati ndalama zomwe dziko la Costa Rica likadagwiritsa ntchito polithandizira likanagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mosamalira nkhalango.
Boma litasintha, Umaรฑa anakhala kazembe woona zanyengo mโdzikoli. Iye anathandiza Onetsani msonkho wapadera wa 3.5% pamafuta oyambira pansi kuti athandizire kulipira nkhalango.
Posakhalitsa oteteza mitengoyo anayamba kuwonjezera ndalama zawo. Alendo tsopano ndi gwero lachiwiri lalikulu la ndalama mdziko muno: ziwerengero zaboma zikuwonetsa kuti 65% yaiwo. mndandanda ecotourism ngati chifukwa chachikulu chochezera. Amabwera kudzawona toucans, macaws obiriwira, anyani olira, jaguar, caimans, achule owopsa ndi zodabwitsa zina zachilengedwe zomwe zimayambiranso. Eni malo athanso kufunsira laisensi mosankha kuti agwetse mitengo yawo yaying'ono, yomwe ina ndiyofunika kwambiri.
Chifukwa chimodzi cha kupambana kwa pulogalamuyi ndi yake kuuza za phindu lazachuma, makamaka kudzera mu kutsogolera kwake padziko lonse lapansi ndondomeko ya jenda. China ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe. Pomanga chizindikiritso chatsopano mozungulira "la pura vidaโ (moyo wosalira zambiri), boma linasonyeza kuti, mogwirizana ndi zolimbikitsa zachuma, kunyada kwa dziko kungathandize kuthetsa zizolowezi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kalekale monga kugwetsa nkhalango zoweta ngโombe.
Dziko la Costa Rica lidathandizira kulimbikitsa Bonn Challenge, pulogalamu yapadziko lonse yobwezeretsa malo owonongeka ndi odulidwa nkhalango. Iwo anayambitsa mayiko chikonzero kuteteza 30% ya dziko lapansi pofika 2030, ndipo anali m'modzi mwa mamembala awiri omwe adayambitsa, mu 2021, ya Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (ngakhale idatero kuyambira pamenepo anayima kumbuyo, kutsatira kusintha kwa boma). Izi ndi zinthu zodabwitsa zomwe zachitika m'dziko laling'ono.
Yerekezerani mbiriyi ndi ndondomeko ya ku UK, yomwe, zaka 37 Umaรฑa atayamba kugwira ntchito, akudandaulabe ndi mayankho a theka ndi osayankhidwa, omwe amaperekedwa kuti awomboledwe ndi eni ake olemera ndi amphamvu ndipo sangathe kupanga zisankho zachitukuko, makamaka pa kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka. Ngakhale kuti nyama zakutchire za ku Costa Rica zikukula, zamoyo zathu zilimo kuwonongeka. Boma likuwoneka kuti latsimikiza, motsutsana ndi malangizo onse, kulola mchitidwe woipawu kupitiriza kwa zaka khumi zonse.
Ponena za misonkho yamafuta yomwe ikadagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga ya Costa Rica, kuti ithandizire kukonza zachilengedwe, boma la UK tsopano latero. kukhululukidwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zokwana ยฃ80bn posiya zonse za Labor duty escalator ndikupatsa oyendetsa galimoto kuchotsera kwapadera. Zotsatira zake, mpweya wathu wa carbon ukukwera mpaka 7% kuposa momwe ukadakhalira.
Nanga nโchifukwa chiyani mtundu wolemera, wamphamvu ukulephera, pamene mtundu waungโono, wosauka kwambiri umapambana? Kuyankhula ndi Umaรฑa ndikufufuza mbiri ya kusinthaku kumapereka yankho losavuta: khalidwe la boma. Maboma akadzipereka, otsimikiza komanso osasintha, zinthu zimachitika. Akawonedwa akukopa magulu, chinyengo ndi katangale, ndikugawira udindo ku chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa "msika", amakhala zaka zambiri akuwomba manja pomwe chipwirikiti chikulamulira.
Dziko lathu lodzida tokha, lomwe likuwonetsa chikhalidwe chake chomwe sitingathe kuchita ngati chinthu chonyadira, ndikulimbikira kuti boma silingathe ndipo siliyenera kuthetsa mavuto athu, ndilokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino. Nโchifukwa chiyani sitingathe kutengera chitsanzo cha Costa Rica? Chifukwa chotsatira chaching'ono koma champhamvu chimaumirira kulephera.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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