Pali zinthu ziwiri zokha zomwe zikufunika kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa nyengo: kusiya mafuta oyaka pansi ndikusiya kulima nyama. Koma, chifukwa cha mphamvu za mafakitale awiriwa, zolinga zonse ziwirizi ndizosatchulika. Palibe m'modzi wa iwo amene adawonetsapo zidziwitso zilizonse kuchokera pamisonkhano 26 yanyengo yomwe yatha mpaka pano.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, magawo enieniwo satchulidwa kawirikawiri. Ndagwira ntchito iliyonse mgwirizano womaliza zomwe zidapangidwa ndi ma summit kuyambira pomwe zidayamba. Mafuta oyambira pansi amatchulidwa m'magawo asanu ndi limodzi okha. Mmodzi yekha malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito zochepa zonse: enawo amangofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso (lomwe, monga tadziwira kuyambira zaka za zana la 19, nthawi zambiri limatha kuchuluka modabwitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amafuta), yesani kukonza luso kapena, pankhani ya mgwirizano wa chaka chatha ku Glasgow, gawo pansi "mosalekezaโ kuwotcha malasha, pomwe sakunena chilichonse chokhudza kuchepetsa mafuta kapena gasi. Palibe m'modzi mwa iwo amene angakulimbikitseni kuchotsa zochepa. Ngati mafuta otsalira achotsedwa pansi, iwo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito, mosasamala kanthu za chilengezo chosamvetsetseka cha maboma ponena za kumwa.
Kusiyidwa kwina ndikwambiri. Ziweto zimatchulidwa m'mapangano atatu okha, ndipo chinthu chokhacho chomwe aliyense wa iwo akufuna ndi "kasamalidwe". Palibe paliponse pamene pali mawu okhudza kuchepetsa. Zili ngati kuti okambirana za zida za nyukiliya asankha kuti asalankhule za mabomba. Simungathe kuthana ndi vuto ngati simukambirana.
Kuyitana koletsa ulimi wa ziweto kuyenera kukhala kodziwika bwino monga kuyitanidwa kuti asiye mafuta pansi. Koma sizimveka kawirikawiri. Kulima ng'ombe, pepala laposachedwa m'magazini ya Sustainability estimates, imawerengera pakati 16.5% ndi 28% kuwononga konse kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Kuchuluka kwa ziwerengerozi ndi chizindikiro cha momwe nkhaniyi yanyalanyazidwa kwambiri. Monga momwe pepala lomweli likusonyezera, a chithunzi chovomerezeka (14.5%), lofalitsidwa ndi UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, ndizolakwika. Aliyense m'munda amadziwa, komabe ndi zochepa zomwe zapangidwa kuti zisinthe.
Ngakhale chiwerengero chocheperako (16.5%) chikugwira ntchito, ichi ndi chachikulu kuposa padziko lonse lapansi zotulutsa zoyendera. Ndipo ikukula mofulumira. M'zaka 20 mpaka 2018, kudya nyama padziko lonse kunakwera ndi 58%. Pepala la Climate Policy likuyerekeza kuti, pofika 2030, mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wochokera ku ulimi wa ziweto ukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito theka la dziko lapansi. bajeti yonse ya carbon, ngati tikufuna kupewa kuposa 1.5C kutentha padziko lonse.
Kuwunika kwa Dziko Lathu mu Data kukuwonetsa kuti ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera kumadera ena aliwonse kutha lero, pofika 2100 kupanga chakudya kudzasokoneza bajeti yapadziko lonse lapansi. kawiri kapena katatu. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha ulimi wa ziweto, zomwe zimachititsa 57% wa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ku dongosolo chakudya, ngakhale amapereka mwachilungamo 18% za zopatsa mphamvu.
Nkhaniyi yakhala yofunika kwambiri tsopano tikudziwa kutentha mphamvu ya methane ikukwera. Ulimi wa ziweto ndi waukulu kwambiri padziko lapansi gwero la methane zotulutsidwa ndi zochita za anthu. Komabe palibe kutchulidwa za izo mu Global Methane Pledge idakhazikitsidwa pamsonkhano wanyengo wa chaka chatha.
Maboma sananyalanyaze nkhani zimenezi mwangozi; ayang'ana kumbali. Kusanthula kwatsopano kwa Chatham House kumapeza izi zokha Mayiko a 12 kutchula utsi wochokera ku nyama zaulimi mogwirizana ndi zomwe zachitika panyengo, ndipo palibe amene akufuna kuchepetsa ulimi wa ziweto. Mayiko awiri okha (Costa Rica ndi Ethiopia) amatchula kusintha kwa zakudya: mosakayikira chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazochitika zonse zachilengedwe, chifukwa ulimi wa ziweto ndizomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. kuwonongeka kwa malo ndi kutayika kwa nyama zakutchire.
Kodi n'chiyani chachititsa kuti anthu azikhala chete? Ndikuganiza kuti pali zifukwa zingapo. Mphamvu za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha ziweto zimaposa mphamvu zake zachuma. Kulumikizana kwathu ku chakudya kumakhala kwaumwini kuposa kulumikizana kwathu ndi magwero amphamvu. Mafuta ambiri amafuta amadyedwa patali. Mwachitsanzo, tikamagwiritsa ntchito magetsi, sitimaganizira za komwe akuchokera, bola ngati magetsi akuyaka. Koma timaganiza ndi kumva zambiri za chakudya chimene timadya. Ndipo, poyerekezera ndi kukana kothandizidwa ndi makampani opangira mafuta, zonena zabodza zamakampani oweta ziweto sizinatsutsidwenso m'manyuzipepala.
Chochititsa manyazi chinachitika sabata yatha ponena za malo ophunzirira ku yunivesite ya California, Davis, omwe adakhalapo anakhazikitsidwa ndi ndalama ndi magulu olandirira ziweto. Zatero adachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwake za ulimi wa ziweto, mโnjira zimene asayansi ena anena kuti nโzosocheretsa kwambiri.
Koma iyi ndi mbali imodzi chabe ya vutoli. Monga makampani opangira mafuta, mabungwe a ziweto akhala akutero kulima ndalama kukopa anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zimene makampani a fodya anayambitsa poyamba. Zina mwazovala zobiriwira zakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri, makamaka zomwe makampani amanena za "regenerative ranchiโ ndi mfundo yabodza yakuti ulimi wodyetsera nyama msipu umatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kuposa mmene umatulutsira.
M'malo mwake, nyama yodyetsedwa ndi udzu ndiyotchuka kwambiri chigawo chowononga kwambiri za zakudya zathu, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwake kwa nthaka, kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, komanso mtengo wa carbon ndi chilengedwe. Ngakhale a kuchuluka kwa zodandaula, kulibe umboni wotsimikizika kuti kusungirako mpweya m'malo odyetserako ziweto kungathe kulipira mpweya wotenthetsa dziko umene ziweto zimatulutsa, osasiyapo za carbon zomwe zinawonongeka pamene zachilengedwe zakuthengo zasinthidwa kukhala msipu.
Pepala lina la Nature Sustainability linapeza kuti ngati msipu wokhazikika wa ziweto m'mayiko olemera ukanakhala kubwerera ku zachilengedwe zakutchire, kuchira kwawo kudzachepetsa matani 380bn a carbon dioxide kuchokera mumlengalenga, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi zaka 12 za mpweya wapadziko lonse lapansi. Komiti ya Boma la UK ya Kusintha kwa Nyengo imanena kuti, ku England, โkuchoka ku udzu kupita ku nkhalango kungapangitse kuti nthaka ikhale ndi mpweya wa carbon ndi matani 25 a carbon pa hekitala iliyonse . . .
Pang'onopang'ono komanso mopweteka takhala tikuwerengera mphamvu. Anthu ambiri ayamba "chitani masamuโ pa kutulutsa mafuta. Tsopano tiyenera kukhala manambala a chakudya. Chodabwitsa cha mkangano uwu ndikuti mukapereka deta, otsutsa anu amayankha ndi zithunzi, nthawi zambiri zithunzi za ng'ombe kapena nkhosa.
Kulemba zakudya zotchuka kumayendetsedwa ndi kuphatikiza koyipa kwa zokometsera komanso zokonda zapamwamba. Olemba otchuka amati aliyense azidya zakudya zomwe amakonda, kulimbikitsa zakudya zomwe sizikanatha kuchepetsedwa pokhapokha titakhala ndi mapulaneti angapo komanso opanda malo pazachilengedwe zakuthengo. Amatilimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la Neolithic kupanga (msipu) kudyetsa anthu azaka za zana la 21, ndi zotsatira zoopsa.
Tiyenera mwachangu kusiya zinthu zopusa izi, kutsatira ndikumvetsetsa sayansi, ndikukakamiza maboma athu kuti ayang'ane zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zanyengo. Iwo anali ndi ntchito ziwiri, ndipo mpaka pano sanatchulepo iliyonse ya izo.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama