Makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa mankhwala ku United States akulimbana ndi Senator wa Vermont Bernie Sanders pa nkhani yomwe ili pamtima ngati timayamikira ubwino wa anthu kuposa phindu lamakampani. Monga wapampando wa Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP), Sanders walumbira kukakamiza Akuluakulu amakampani opanga mankhwala kuyankha poyera chifukwa chake mitengo yawo yamankhwala ili yokwera kwambiri kuposa mayiko ena. Akukonzekera kubweretsa voti ya komiti funsani iwo. Ma subpoena ndi ofunikira chifukwaโmopanda manthaโAkuluakulu a Johnson & Johnson ndi Merck anangokana kupereka umboni ku komiti YOTHANDIZA. Kodi akuopa chiyani?
M'mawu odzitchinjiriza kalata kwa Sanders, loya wa Johnson & Johnson adadzudzula Senator kuti akugwiritsa ntchito zokambirana za komiti "kulanga makampani omwe asankha kuchita nawo milandu yotetezedwa ndi malamulo." Kalatayo sinatchule milandu yomwe ikufunsidwa-mwina chifukwa ingamveke ngati yopusa kwambiri ndipo ingawulule zomwe kampaniyo ikufuna. July watha, kampaniyo, pamodzi ndi Merck ndi Bristol Myers Squibb adatsutsa akuluakulu a Biden kulola pulogalamu ya Medicare kuwongolera mitengo yamankhwala.
Zikuwoneka kuti Johnson & Johnson ndi Merck akuwopa kufunsidwa ndi opanga malamulo okhudza kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku U.S.
Katswiri wina wazamankhwala, Ameet Sarpatwari waku Harvard Medical School adafotokozera a New York Times kuti, "Msika waku US ndi banki yamakampani opanga mankhwala ... Pali malingaliro abwino kuti malo abwino kwambiri oyesera kupeza phindu ndi U.S. chifukwa cha dongosolo lake lomwe lilipo komanso kukanika kwake." Katswiri wina, Michelle Mello, pulofesa wa zamalamulo ndi zaumoyo payunivesite ya Stanford, anauza nyuzipepala ya Times kuti, โmankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ku U.S. chifukwa timawalekerera.โ
Mwanjira ina, zakhala zaulere kwa makampani opanga mankhwala ku U.S. Mu 2003, Purezidenti wakale George W. Bush. adasaina bilu yokonzanso Medicare kukhala lamulo, kulonjeza thandizo kwa okalamba omwe akuvutika kulipira mankhwala, koma lamulo limenelo atachotsedwa boma la federal mphamvu zake kukambirana zamitengo ya mankhwala kwa omwe atenga nawo gawo a Medicare. Unali kusuntha kwa Republican, Orwellian: kulonjeza thandizo kwa anthu wamba ndikupereka zosiyana.
Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake, a Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), yomwe a Biden adasaina kukhala lamulo mu 2022, adamangirira mitengo yamankhwala a Medicare ndi kukwera kwa mitengo ndipo idafuna kuti makampani abweze ndalama ngati mitengo ikwera kwambiri. Aka kanali koyamba kuyambira lamulo la Bush la 2003 kuti opanga mankhwala azitsatira malamulo aliwonse amitengo aku US. Makampani opanga mankhwala alibe, ndipo sanangosumira Biden pa IRA, akuwoneka kuti sakufuna kuyankha pagulu.
Sikokwanira kuti Medicare athe kuchepetsa mitengo ya mankhwala. Payenera kukhala lamulo ladziko lonse pamitengo yamankhwala kwa anthu onse aku America. Kupatula apo, okhometsa misonkho aku America amapereka mowolowa manja kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala ambiri. A lipoti ndi ogwira ntchito ku Sanders adalongosola kuti "kupatulapo zochepa, mabungwe azinsinsi ali ndi mphamvu imodzi yokhazikitsa mtengo wamankhwala omwe amalipidwa ndi boma." Olemba lipotilo adati "[t] boma silifunsa kalikonse kuti libwezere ndalama zake."
Kuphatikiza apo, lipotilo likunena moyenerera kuti anthu amitundu ina amapindula pokhala ndi mwayi wopeza mankhwala otsika mtengo omwe anthu aku America amalipira makampani opanga mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi kuti apange. Mwachitsanzo, SYMTUZA, mankhwala a kachilombo ka HIV omwe asayansi ku US National Institutes of Health anathandizira kupanga, amapezeka kwa odwala a US kwa $ 56,000 pachaka, pamene odwala ku UK amangolipira $ 10,000 pachaka kwa mankhwala omwewo omwe amagulidwa ku kampani yomweyi.
Sizili ngati makampani ngati Johnson & Johnson ali ndi zokonda zolakwika kwa odwala aku Europe kuposa aku America. Kungoti mitengo yawo imayendetsedwa ndi mayiko ena ambiri ogulitsa. US "imakhala dziko lokhalo lotukuka lomwe silimakambirana" mitengo yamankhwala, adatero Merith Basey, Executive Director wa Odwala Mankhwala Otsika TSOPANO, mu kuyankhulana pa Rising Up With Sonali kugwa komaliza.
Inde, mayiko ngati UK, France, ndi Germany, perekani zitsanzo za U.S. pakuwongolera mitengo yamankhwala ndipo zambiri zalembedwa pazomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino. Ndiponso, paliโmosadabwitsaโchikhumbo champhamvu cha anthu cha kuwongolera mitengo. Malinga ndi a Kafukufuku wa Kaiser Family Foundation mu Ogasiti 2023, "[m]anthu ambiri ochita zigawenga akuti palibe malamulo okwanira okhudza mitengo yamankhwala." Ndiponso, 83 peresenti yowonjezereka ya awo amene anafunsidwa โamawona phindu lamankhwala kukhala chinthu chachikulu chimene chimawonjezera mtengo wa mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala.โ
Palibe kuchepa kwa malingaliro pamalamulo apadera owongolera mitengo omwe angagwire ntchito ku US Mwachitsanzo, lipoti la Center for American Progress la Okutobala 2023, "Kutsatira Ndalama: Kuthetsa Ndalama Zogulira Mankhwala a U.S,โ amafufuza mozama momwe mitengo yamsika imatsimikizidwira pamankhwala ndikupereka njira zothandizira pagawo lililonse la mitengo yamankhwala.
Kunena zowona, njira zovuta zotere sizingakhale zofunikira ngati Anthu onse aku America akhoza kungolowa nawo ku Medicare chithandizo chaumoyo komanso ngati mphamvu ya Medicare yokambirana ndi mitengo ya mankhwala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mankhwala onse. Koma, pakalibe njira ya commonsense yokhudzana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, ngakhale kuwongolera mitengo kovutirako kungakhale kwabwino kuposa kusawongolera mitengo.
Mwadziwikiratu, otsutsa achikapitolisti otsatiridwa atulutsanso mfundo zomwezo, zotopa zotsutsana ndi malamulo aboma amitengo yamankhwala. โKuwongolera Mtengo wa Mankhwala Kumatanthauza Machiritso Ochepa,โ inatero mutu wankhani wa mkonzi wa Wall Street Journal. Bungwe lolemba pepalalo lidatcha IRA, "lamulo loipitsitsa kwambiri lomwe laperekedwa ku Congress m'zaka zambiri," ndipo lidafika ponena kuti akuluakulu a Biden "alanda".
Koma ndani amene akuchita katangale? Akatswiri azachuma omwe amafufuza zamakampani opanga mankhwala apeza kuti kwa zaka zambiri makampani akhala akusokonekera ndi ndalama kotero adawononga madola mabiliyoni mazanamazana muzogula katundu ndi mabonasi okwera mtengo ndi malipiro. "Ndalama zokwana madola 747 biliyoni zomwe makampani opanga mankhwala adagawira kwa eni ake anali 13 peresenti kuposa $ 660 biliyoni yomwe mabungwewa adagwiritsa ntchito pofufuza ndi chitukuko pazaka khumi," adalemba William Lazonick ndi รner Tulum mu lipoti la Institute for New Economic Thinking.
Kuphatikiza apo, screed ya Wall Street Journal imanyalanyaza kuwongolera mitengo ku UK, France, Germany, ndi mayiko ena. Ngati iwo alibe chochita pa liwiro ndi mtundu wa chitukuko cha mankhwala, chifukwa chiyani kuwongolera mitengo ya US kuyenera kukhala ndi zotsatira? Ndipo ngati ali ndi mphamvu, ndiye kuti aku America akufunidwa mopanda chilungamo kuti azinyamula katundu womwe anthu padziko lonse lapansi amapindula nawo.
Bungwe la akonzi la Journal linanena zolondola, kunena kuti IRA "idzapatsanso makampani chilimbikitso choyambitsa mankhwala pamitengo yokwera ndi kukweza mitengo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi inshuwaransi yachinsinsi kuti alipire kudulidwa kwa Medicare." Pepalalo linaneneratu izi popanda ndemanga iliyonse pa umbombo wopanda malire wamakampani. Zowonadi, ngati wina akuchita chinyengo, zikuwoneka ngati makampani opanga mankhwala ndi omwe ali ndi mlandu pakulanga anthu aku America chifukwa chowongolera mitengo.
Makampani opanga mankhwala adayambitsa chaka chatsopano ndikulengeza kukwera kwamitengo osachepera 500 mankhwala- khama lalikulu pokopa anthu. Mosiyana ndi izi, IRA imawongolera mitengo yamankhwala gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala 10 okha mpaka pano, ndipo adzakulitsidwa kukhala mankhwala 15 pachaka kwa zaka zinayi zikubwerazi, ndi mankhwala 20 pachaka pambuyo pake.
M'malo mochotsa zowongolera pamitengo yamankhwala ochepa omwe IRA angawalamulire, kukonza kosavuta ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwewo pamankhwala ambiri kapena onse. Koposa zonse, kuti yankho lotereli likwaniritsidwe, Akuluakulu amakampani opanga mankhwala sayenera kudzikokera m'misonkhano yamakomiti kuti afotokoze umbombo wawo wamakampani.
Nkhaniyi idapangidwa ndi Economy for All, ntchito ya Independent Media Institute.
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