Zofalitsa zamakampani m'masiku aposachedwa zakhala zotanganidwa kuukitsa ndi kufotokozanso za mgwirizano womwe adakambidwa masabata apitawa ndi Janet Yellen, Mlembi wa US Treasury, kuti apeze mayiko ena a 100 + kuti asayine ndikuwonetsa msonkho wina wamakampani padziko lonse lapansi wa 15% m'maiko awo.
Koma nchifukwa ninji ofalitsa ambiri akubweretsanso izi tsopano? Kodi ndikuchepetsa kugunda kwa Biden pakuchotsa malingaliro ake okweza misonkho yamabizinesi ku US kuchoka pa 21% mpaka 26% ya Trump? (Anali 35% pre-Trump)? Kapena palinso china chomwe chimafotokoza chifukwa chake atolankhani akuyendetsa nkhani yamisonkho yapadziko lonse yomwe ili ndi milungu kale?
Chizindikiro chapadziko lonse lapansi cha msonkho wapadziko lonse wa Biden wa 15%, womwe udalengezedwa masabata apitawa, akuti adapangidwa kuti aletse mabungwe akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana omwe amasokoneza maboma pofunafuna, ndikupeza, misonkho yapadera m'maiko ena mowonongera ena.
Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi cha Ireland, komwe US ndi mabungwe ena akumayiko osiyanasiyana amapeza likulu lawo ndikusungitsa misonkho yawo yapadziko lonse lapansi pamitengo yotsika yamisonkho yamakampani ku Ireland yomwe, pafupifupi, 2% -3% yokha, yamabungwe ambiri.
Ireland ndiyenso malo omwe amakonda kwambiri omwe amatchedwa "Inversion" ya msonkho. Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika, anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana aku US amagulitsa zinthu kapena ntchito zochuluka m'maiko ena, koma amasungitsa mapindu awo ku Ireland chifukwa chakuti amapeza likulu la kampani yawo kumeneko. Sachita kalikonse ku Ireland, nthawi zambiri, koma amalipira ku Ireland misonkho yotsika kwambiri yamakampani m'malo mwamisonkho yokwera kwambiri m'maiko omwe bungweli limapanga ndikugulitsa katundu ndi ntchito.
Omwe apindula kwambiri ndi mabizinesi aku US panjira iyi ya Inversion akhala aku US akupangira mankhwala, makampani aukadaulo, makampani azachuma, makampani opangira upangiri, ndi ena ambiri. Pansi pa Clinton mabungwe aku US adayenera kuyambitsa njirayo pongoyang'ana bokosi pa mafomu amisonkho amakampani aku US.
Koma Ireland sindiye khomo lokhalo lamisonkho yamakampani apanyumba. Pali ena ambiri. Luxembourg ndi Netherlands ku Europe nawonso amakumbukira. Palinso ena kunja kwa Ulaya.
Kutsika kwa msonkho kwapangitsa kuti mabungwe aku US azisewera dziko limodzi motsutsana ndi linzake ndikusankha otsika kwambiri momwe angasamutsire likulu ndikusunga phindu lapadziko lonse lapansi pamitengo yotsika kwambiri.
Njira yosinthira ndalama si njira yokhayo yomwe mabungwe aku US amagwiritsa ntchito kusuntha mapindu awo kuti alipire mitengo yotsika kunja kwa US.
Njira ina yomwe anthu amawakonda kwambiri m'mabungwe aku US ndikuchita zomwe zimatchedwa kusokoneza mitengo ya 'mkati'. Ndipamene kampani imasinthira mitengo yake pakati pa mabungwe ake apadziko lonse lapansi: mwachitsanzo, imapangitsa kuti mabizinesi ake aku US azilipira mitengo yokwera kwambiri pamagawo ndi zida zomwe amagula kuchokera kumakampani ake akunyanja. Mwanjira imeneyi ntchito ya US imalemba ndalama zokwera mtengo, motero phindu lochepa; kuchokera pamitengo yokwera yomwe imalipiritsa ntchito zake zaku US, kampani yake yocheperako imapeza ndalama zambiri zogulitsa komanso phindu lalikulu. Koma amalipira chiwongola dzanja chochepa pamachitidwe akunyanja. Mwachidule, mwanzeru mitengo yamkati US multinational corp amachepetsa phindu ndi misonkho ku US, pamene kuwonjezera phindu ndi msonkho kunyanja. Malipiro ake onse amisonkho padziko lonse achepetsedwa.
Boma la Biden lalimbikitsa phindu la msonkho wapadziko lonse wa 15% ngati njira yopangira opewa misonkho akuluakulu aku US kuti azigwira ntchito zakunja, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira, kapena kungotenga 'mitengo yamkati' kuti alipire gawo lawo. Ena salipira kalikonse ngakhale mabiliyoni amapeza ndalama zogulitsa. Koma lingaliro la Biden la 15% silichita chilichonse kwa mabungwe omwe amawononga mitengo yamkati komanso palibenso chilichonse pakuthetsa ma inversions.
Misonkho yapadziko lonse lapansi 'kuthamangira pansi' komwe Biden 15% msonkho wochepera akuyenera kuwongolera ndi wofanana ndi 'mpikisano wopita pansi' Mabungwe aku US akhala akusewera pakati pa mayiko 50 aku US kwazaka zambiri. Kwa zaka zambiri, mabungwe a US akhala akusuntha ntchito zawo ku likulu lawo kuchoka ku dziko lina kupita ku lina kuti achepetse misonkho; kapena kuwopseza kutero kuti mayiko ndi mizinda iwapatseko misonkho yapadera kuti atsale. Iwo samangochitcha kuti 'inversions' pamene akuchitidwa mkati mwa US. M'zaka zaposachedwa mabungwe aku US akumayiko osiyanasiyana atumiza ndikusintha njira yamisonkhoyi kuti ifike padziko lonse lapansi. Misonkho yapadziko lonse ya Biden idapangidwa kuti iyese kuchitapo kanthu padziko lonse lapansi, osachita kalikonse ku US.
Zochepera 15% zikuyenera kuyimitsa mabungwe omwe amasokoneza misonkho yamayiko. Osachepera ndi zomwe Biden ndi US Treasury amatiuza. Koma musadalire kuchuluka kwamakampani padziko lonse lapansi 15% kuti akwaniritse zomwe akunena. Nazi zifukwa zitatu zokha zokanira:
Choyamba, msonkho wa 15% wa Biden sungathe kuwona kuwala kwa tsiku. Zitengera maiko onse 100+ kuphatikiza USA-kuti apatsidwenso malamulo enieni amisonkho pambuyo pa mgwirizano waposachedwa wa 15%. Mgwirizano wa 15% umangonena kuti 100+ adzipereka kuyesa. Zidzatenga zaka kuti theka la iwo apereke lamulo lothandizira.
Chachiwiri, posachedwapa 15% ya msonkho wochepa wapadziko lonse yomwe yalengezedwa posachedwa ndi mgwirizano womwe wakambirana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, malinga ndi Constitution ya US, iyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo ya US kaye (ngakhale lamulo lililonse laku US lisanakhazikitsidwe mu Congress). Kodi alipo amene akuganiza kuti Senate yaposachedwa yaku US ivomereza mgwirizanowu? Pambuyo pochita chilichonse kuti aletse malamulo aliwonse olimbikitsa kuti alandire ndalama pobweza misonkho ya Trump?
Chachitatu, ngakhale 15% ikadutsa nyumba zamalamulo ku US ndi mayiko a 100+ omwe adasaina panganoli, zomwe zingalepheretse dziko lililonse kuti lipititsenso misonkho yambiri ku 15%, ndi kukhululukidwa, kuchotserako, kubweza ngongole zamisonkho. , ndi zina zotero?
The Corporate Tax 40 Year 'Shell Game'
'Masewera a zipolopolo'—mwachitsanzo, kugulitsa misonkho yamakampani kuti apeze malo oponderezedwa kenako ndi njira zodutsira mitengo—yakhala ikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka ku USA.
Masewera azaka khumi a zipolopolo amachitika pamene anthu amva za zovuta zazikulu zomwe zidapangidwa ndikulamula kuti zitsekedwe, Congress ipereka malamulo ochepa kuti atseke zopinga zina ndi kukhululukidwa, koma kenako amatsitsa msonkho wamakampani.
Tangoyang'anani ndondomeko ya misonkho ku US kuyambira 1980: pamene msonkho wamakampani utsika kwambiri ndipo udadzutsa mkwiyo wa anthu, a Congress adakweza pang'ono msonkho wamakampani koma m'malamulo omwewo adachulukitsa mipata, kusakhululukidwa, ndi zina zotero. Izi zikuwonekera. mu 1981 Reagan misonkho kudulidwa, kutsatiridwa ndi 1986, kenako Clinton mu 1997, ndiye mndandanda wa Bush Jr. kudulidwa msonkho mu 2001-04, kenako Obama mu 2012-13.
Kunenamizira kwa 'masewera amasewera' kunathetsedwa ndi a Trump mu 2017, komabe, atadula kwambiri mitengo yamisonkho yamakampani koma sanavutike kutseka zopinga zilizonse. Anathetsanso zonse zooneka ngati za Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax. Corporate America ili ndi mphepo yamkuntho katatu. Ndi Trump 'masewera a zipolopolo' omwe adasowa. 'Nandolo mu chipolopolo' zinali zowonekera kwa onse. M'malo mwa 'tsopano mukuziwona, tsopano mulibe' tili nazo 'tsopano mukuziwona, ndipo tsopano mukuziwona bwino'!
'Masewera a zipolopolo' awa a mitengo ya malonda a zotsekereza pakapita nthawi zimapangitsa kuti mabungwe azilipira misonkho yocheperako. Misonkho yamakampani aku US yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka ndalama zoposa 20% za msonkho wa boma la US m'ma 1960; tsopano imapereka pafupifupi 5%.
Masewera a zipolopolo amapitilira ndi msonkho wamakampani wa Biden 15%. Idzakanidwa mosavuta ndi mabungwe aku US akupitilizabe kusokoneza mitengo yawo yamkati pakati pa ntchito zawo zaku US ndi mabungwe akunja; idzapitirira bola ngati njira ya inversions idakalipo. 15% ikuwoneka bwino pamapepala koma pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, ndizotsimikizika kuti sizigwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri-ngati zitatero. Ngati ndi mgwirizano ndipo sichidutsa Senate, chifukwa mayiko ena sangayigwiritse ntchito ngati US ikalephera kutero.
The Corporation Monga Capitalist Conduit
Zomwe atolankhani ambiri amakana kunena popereka msonkho wochepera wapadziko lonse lapansi (kapena kudula misonkho kwamakampani komwe kwakhala kukuchitika kwazaka zambiri) ndi gawo lomwe limachita pakuchulukitsa kwachuma komanso kusalingana kwachuma ku US masiku ano.
Kampaniyo ndiye njira yogawa ndalama zambiri ndi chuma kwa omwe ali ndi ma share share. M'zaka khumi zapitazi ndalama zoposa $ 12 thililiyoni zagawidwa ndi mabungwe ku US kwa omwe ali ndi masheya awo monga zogulira katundu ndi malipiro a magawo. M'zaka za Obama kugawidwa kophatikizana kumeneku kunakwera kuchoka pa $700 biliyoni pachaka kufika pafupifupi $1 thililiyoni pachaka. Pansi pa Trump, 2017-2019 ndalamazo zinali $1.2 thililiyoni pachaka. Chaka chino, 2021, pansi pa Biden ikuyembekezeka kukwera mpaka $ 1.5 thililiyoni. Kugawa kwakukulu kwa ndalama kumalemeretsa ma capitalist, omwe nthawi zambiri amawabwezeranso m'masheya, ma bond ndi chitetezo china chandalama - mwachitsanzo mitundu yachuma - motero kumapangitsa kusalingana kwachuma komanso kusalingana kwa ndalama. Katundu wa chuma (ie masheya, ma bond, ndi zina zotero) ndiye amataya ndalama zochulukirapo pamene zogulira ndi zopindula zikuchulukirachulukira.
Ngati kampaniyo ndi njira yopangira ndalama zochulukirachulukira ndi chuma ku gulu la capitalist, ndiye kuti masewera amisonkho amakampani ndi madzi omwe amadutsa munjirayo.
Pamene osunga ndalama a capitalist amadziunjikira ndalama zambiri komanso chuma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe amagawika m'mabizinesi chifukwa cha msonkho wa 'shell game', anthu olemera omwe amaika ndalama pazachuma amapezanso zochulukira zomwe kampaniyo imawagawiranso. Misonkho yapaokha ndi zopinga zimakulitsidwanso kuti ma capitalist azitha kusunga zambiri zomwe mabungwe awo amagawira kwa iwo pogula ndi zopindula.
Kukwera kwa Misonkho Yamakampani Monga Kutsatsa Kwandale
Masewera a chipolopolowa sadzatha ndi msonkho wapadziko lonse wa 15%. Komanso sizidzatha ndi malingaliro aposachedwa a msonkho wa mabiliyoni kapena msonkho pamabizinesi opindulitsa a madola mabiliyoni ambiri omwe a Democrats tsopano akulingalira ngati ndalama za 'utsi ndi magalasi' a Biden's Build Back Better Plan (onani nkhani yanga sabata yatha, 'The Misonkho ya Mabiliyoni a Smoke & Mirrors ndi 15% ya US Corporate Minimum Tax'). Misonkho yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi yamtundu womwewo, mtundu wosiyana basi. Zonse zikufuna kupanga mawonekedwe a ndale kuti apangitse anthu kuganiza kuti pali chinachake chikuchitika pa ndondomeko ya msonkho yomwe imalemeretsa olemera ndi mabungwe awo.
Malingaliro aposachedwa a Biden okweza msonkho wamakampani ku US kubwerera pang'ono, kuchokera pa 21% mpaka 28% ya Trump, zikanathandizira kuti asinthe. Momwemonso malingaliro a Biden okweza msonkho wa anthu olemera kwambiri kubwerera ku 39%. Asanafike Trump msonkho wamakampani unali 35%. Anachepetsa mpaka 21%. Biden poyambilira adaganiza zokwezanso gawo lake mpaka 28%. Kenako adatsitsa mpaka 26%. Tsopano wasiya zonse mu 'chimango' chake chaposachedwa pa bilu yake ya Build Back Better.
Koma malingaliro okweza misonkho yeniyeni pamabungwe ndi ma capitalist olemera adasiyidwa sabata yathayi ndi a Biden ndi a Democrats pomwe adadzipereka kwa olimbikitsa makampani - ndi ndalama zawo ku Senate (Manchin, Sinema) ndi House (Cuellar).
Tsopano m'malo mwa kukwera kwa misonkho kumakampani aku America timapeza utsi ndi magalasi okhometsa misonkho anthu mabiliyoni ambiri ndipo 'amawoneka bwino pamapepala okha' msonkho wapadziko lonse wa 15%. Yang'aniraninso kusiyidwa kwa malingaliro opangitsa kuti olemera ndi mabungwe awo azilipira komanso m'malo mwawo kukwera kwa msonkho komwe kumawoneka bwino pamapepala koma zomwe a politicos akudziwa sizingabweretse ndalama zenizeni.
Chofunikira m'malo mwake ndikuwongolera misonkho yaku US. Dongosololi, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa wolemba uyu, lapereka mabizinesi aku US ndi omwe akugawana nawo komanso oganiza bwino azachuma osachepera $15 thililiyoni pakuchepetsa misonkho kuyambira 2001! Kusintha sikungathekenso. Kusintha kwa ndalama ndi chuma kudzera mu misonkho yomwe ilipo tsopano yafika pamlingo waukulu kwambiri kotero kuti kuyang'ana nawo sikungakhale kokwanira. Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri chikufunika. Koma imeneyo ndi nkhani ina.
Tsatirani iye pa twitter, @drjackrasmus, pa blog yake, http://jackrasmus.com, ndi ma podikasiti ake sabata iliyonse pawailesi, Alternative Visions, pa http://alternativevisions.podbean.com
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1 Comment
Misonkho ya 15% yapadziko lonse lapansi ingakhale chiyambi chabwino, ngati idavomerezanso kuti sipangakhale mipata yamisonkho ku 15%, kapena kukhululukidwa, kapena kuchotserapo, kapena kubweza msonkho, ndi zina zotero. Msonkho wochepera wapadziko lonse lapansi ungathetse mpikisano wapadziko lonse wofuna kutsitsa misonkho kuti musangalatse mabungwe olemera. Zingapangitse kuti pakhale mwayi wopikisana nawo mwakuchita bwino kwambiri pakupanga ndi kuwongolera m'malo mochita mpikisano wowononga m'mabizinesi osowa ndalama kuyenera kusangalatsa mabungwe olemera mowopsa. Tiyenera kulimbikitsa mabungwe padziko lapansi kuti abweze bwino msonkho ndi malipiro monga wina aliyense. Ndikuvomereza kuti apewa kulipira mu mtundu wamakonowu, koma zigwira ntchito momveka bwino ngati palibe kuthawa msonkho kulikonse padziko lapansi pamisonkho ya 15%, kapena kukhululukidwa, kapena kuchotserapo, kapena kubweza msonkho, ndi zina zotero. Tikakwaniritsa izi, ndiye kuti 15% ikhoza kukwezedwa pamlingo womwe umatumikira bwino anthu komanso mapulaneti omwe ali ndi zofuna ndi zosowa zoyenera. Ndinalemba bulogu kumbuyoku mu 2017 yotchedwa 'Civilization & the River' Cheers Jack, zabwino kuwerenga ntchito yanu monga nthawi zonse.