Pa Julayi 21 Khothi Lalikulu ku London linalola achikulire anayi mwa asanu a ku Kenya kuti apitirize kunena zotsutsa boma la Britain. Jane Muthoni Mara, Ndiku Mutua, Paolo Nzili, Wambugu Nyingi ndi Susan Ngondi adayamba kuchitapo kanthu mu June 2009 motsutsana ndi boma la Britain chifukwa cha nkhanza zogonana komanso kudulidwa kowopsa komwe adakumana nako panthawi ya 'Emergency' yomwe boma la atsamunda lidalengeza kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1960. kufuna malipiro ndi kupepesa. Opitilira chikwi ena omwe anganene akadali ndi moyo ku Kenya, ndi mlanduwo zitha kukhala chitsanzo kwa zikwizikwi za zonena ngati izi padziko lonse lapansi. Boma lidatsutsa mlanduwu ponena kuti chilichonse chimayenera kuperekedwa kwa boma la atsamunda ku Kenya panthawiyo, komanso udindowu udaperekedwa ku boma la Kenya lomwe linali lodziyimira pawokha mu 1963.(1). Adanenanso kuti anthu aku Kenya akuyenera kuyimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha nkhanza zomwe adawachitira ambuye achitsamunda.
Ngakhale kafukufuku wabwino kwambiri pankhaniyi, mwachitsanzo wolemba mbiri Mark Curtis, palibe kuthamangira kwa maboma kuti alankhulepo, osasiya kupepesa chifukwa cha mbiri yaku Britain yakupondereza ufulu wachibadwidwe kuyambira 1945. Chothandiza kwambiri ndi chinyengo cha kusalakwa kwa UK pazinthu zotere mpaka kunena kuti Britain ali mbiri yosauka yaufulu wa anthu imamveka ngati china chake cholankhulidwa ndi wino pa siteshoni ya King's Cross.
Zokumbukira zabwino za masiku achitsamunda zimasokoneza zoopsa ku Kenya panthawi ya Zadzidzidzi. "Pakati pa 1952 ndi 1956, pamene kumenyana kunali koipitsitsa, zigawo za Kikuyu ku Kenya zinakhala dziko lapolisi m'lingaliro lenileni la mawuwo".(2) Opitilira 1000 a Kikuyu adapachikidwa, opitilira 20,000 adaphedwa pankhondo, ndipo malinga ndi wolemba mbiri Caroline Elkins mpaka 100,000 adafera m'ndende komanso m'midzi ya "waya waminga" (chiwerengero chovomerezeka ndi 11,000). Kuzunzika kosayembekezereka, komwe kumatchedwa "kuwunika", kumenyedwa ndi njala kunali chizolowezi, ndipo ena mwa ochita zoipawo adagwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera ndi a Gestapo panthawi yomwe nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inali yokumbukira posachedwapa. Wothandizira apolisi ku Kenya a Duncan McPherson adati mikhalidwe m'misasayi inali yoyipa kwambiri kuposa zomwe adakumana nazo ali mkaidi wankhondo kwa zaka zinayi ndi theka pansi pa ulamuliro wa Japan. Elkins analemba kuti: โNdimakhulupirira kuti pankhondo ya ku Mau Mau asilikali a ku Britain anagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo mwankhanza zimene zinkasonyeza maganizo olakwika a atsamunda: kungotsekera pafupifupi mtundu wonse wa anthu a mtundu wa Kikuyu wa anthu 1.5 miliyoni komanso mwakuthupi ndi mโmaganizo. kuwononga amuna, akazi, ndi ana ake kungathe kubwezeretsedwanso ulamuliro wa atsamunda ndi kubwezeretsedwanso.โ (3)
Azungu ena otukuka okhala mโmidzi ankakhulupirira kuti njira yokhayo yowaletsera anali "kupachika fuko la Kikuyu m'magulu a 25."(4)
Maboma amayenera kupeza tanthauzo lakupha anthu omwe amawasokoneza: mkanganowu udawonetsedwa m'manyuzipepala ngati uli pakati pa magulu amphamvu achitukuko ndi mafuko ankhanza. Mawu oti "munthu" adagwiritsidwa ntchito mkangano umodzi wanyumba yamalamulo. phungu wa ku Britain Enoch Powell adagwirizana ndi mawu omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa akaidi khumi ndi mmodzi ku msasa wa Hola omwe anamenyedwa mpaka kufa ndi alonda chifukwa chokana kugwira ntchito - koma adatsutsana ndi malingaliro a anzawo ambiri kuti akuluakulu aku Britain sayenera kuimbidwa mlandu wakupha Untermenschen.(5) Aphungu ena a nyumba yamalamulo anali ndi nkhaลตa chabe kuti kuvomereza kuzunza ndi kupha anthu kungawononge mbiri ya Britain monga chisonkhezero chotukuka padziko lapansi. Koma membala m'modzi (kungonena za chipani cholamula) adafotokoza mwachidule tanthauzo la malingaliro autsamunda: "Mwachidwi, moona mtima komanso moona mtima, popanda ngakhale kudziwa, olemekezeka. Mamembala osiyana sakhulupirira kuti moyo wa ku Africa ndi wofunika monga moyo wa mzungu."(6) Phwando lake lomwe (Labour), komabe, adadziwonetsa yekha kukhala kutali kwambiri ndi kusalakwa pamachitidwe ake a mfundo zakunja.
Chiwawachi chinafika pa mkangano wanyumba yamalamulo, koma nthawi zambiri zankhanza za Mau Mau zidafotokozedwanso mwatsatanetsatane, pomwe zomwe a British adachita zidayikidwa m'manda momwe zingathere, monga momwe adayesera ndi mlandu wa Hola. Zodziwika bwino zinali malipoti ochokera ku British Pathe News, omwe adawonetsedwa kwa anthu ambiri m'makanema, omwe adawonetsa ziwanda mabungwe ngati Kenya African Union, kuwafotokoza ngati oukira komanso oyambitsa udani wopanda nzeru, ndikuwonetsa nkhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga motsutsana ndi mdani wachinyama poteteza apamwamba. makhalidwe abwino. Nkhaniyi ikufanana modabwitsa ndi zabodza zomwe zikuchitika ku Afghanistan:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eL-YpRQbj3c&NR=1
Zina mwazabodzazi zitha kukhala zodabwitsa pakunyoza kwake ngati wina atha kutsimikiza kuti omwe adabwereza sanadzikhulupirire okha, "mwachibwana, moona mtima komanso moona mtima", ndipo ngati kusagwirizana kofananako sikunali chizolowezi chatsiku ndi tsiku m'boma ndi atolankhani zaka theka. kenako. Mabungwe achikikuyu omwe adafuna kubweza minda yachikikuyu yomwe azungu adakhazikikamo akuti adachita "zofalitsa zabodza zotsutsana ndi azungu". "Anagwira ntchito pa kutengeka maganizo, kukayikira ndi nsanje zodziwika za fuko. anapotoza mfundo zoona ponena kuti azungu anaba malo a fukolo.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgW0d09Mz_Q&feature=related
Mwachionekere zinali bwino kuti tisasokoneze zowona ndi zenizeni zambiri. Izi zikuyandikira chitsanzo choipitsitsa koma chongopeka cha chutzpah momwe mnyamata yemwe adapha makolo ake amachonderera kuti achepetseko chifukwa ndi mwana wamasiye.
Okwana 32 okhazikika oyera adaphedwa pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zadzidzidzi. Kaลตirikaลตiri ochita zoipa amakhala aluso podziwonetsera okha ngati ozunzidwa. Timamva kuchokera kwa 'atsogoleri' athu lero kuti timawukiridwa nthawi zonse. Ambiri omwe amaganiziridwa kuti ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe ali ndi ziwanda, kaya ndi omwe akufuna kuwononga chitukuko chathu ndi makhalidwe athu, kapena zachuma. osamukira kumayiko ena omwe akufuna kutifooketsa ndikutenga zomwe timati tapeza ndi ntchito zathu. Udindo wathu suli pafupi.
Minister of Foreign Affairs for Africa, Henry Bellingham, akukhulupirira kuti "'Ubale wathu' ndi Kenya ndi anthu ake wapita patsogolo".(7) Iye ndi boma lomwe akuimira samapeza. Anthu anayi achikulire aku Kenya akuyesera kusuntha koma akulephera kutero. Wodandaula wachisanu, Susan Ngondi anamwalira akudikirira chilolezo pitilirani. Palibe amene amapitirirabe mpaka kuzunzidwa ndi milandu yankhondo ivomerezedwe ndi kuthandizidwa, ngakhale nduna zakunja kapena boma lawo. Chatsopano ankhanza zimatengera kukana kwanthawi yayitali monga momwe kufalikira kwatsopano kwa zilakolako zakuzunza m'mizinda yakumadzulo kukuwonetsa.
Judge pa mlanduwu,(8) Justice McCombe, adagwira mawu chigamulo cha 2005 pomwe khoti lalikulu kwambiri ku UK, pokhudzana ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa umboni womwe umapezeka mwa kuzunzidwa kudzera mu 'matembenuzidwe odabwitsa', "chizunzo chokanidwa" chokanidwa, m'modzi mwa oweruza omwe adatchula chitsanzo cha 1628:
"My Lords, pa 23 August 1628 George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham ndi Lord High Admiral waku England, adaphedwa ndi John Felton, msilikali wankhondo .... Duke wazaka 35 anali wokondedwa kwambiri ndi King James Woyamba komanso anali mnzake wapamtima wa Mfumu Charles Woyamba yemwe adafunsa oweruza ngati Felton angayikidwe pachisanjiro kuti adziwe omwe adagwirizana nawo.
Oweruza onse anakumana mu Serjeants' Inn. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake Blackstone analemba chigamulo chawo cha mโmbiri kuti: โOweruza, atafunsidwa, analengeza mogwirizana, kaamba ka ulemu wawo ndi ulemu wa malamulo a Chingelezi, kuti palibe mlandu wotero umene unali wololedwa ndi malamulo a England.โ(9)
Pa nthawiyo, lamuloli linkagwiranso ntchito kwa mafumu ndi akalonga. Patapita zaka 400 kumeneko zikuwoneka kuti palibe chilankhulo padziko lapansi kapena malingaliro omwe adzapeza lingaliro lolunjika lopitilira zopinga zachitetezo m'malingaliro a omwe timawalola kuyendetsa zinthu zathu lero.
Anthu anayi achikulire aku Kenya ayesa. Koma ndi osati mamiliyoni okha omwe angafunikire kulipidwa kwa omwe anganene kuti amayambitsa nkhanza zoterezi boma kukaniza. Zomwe zitha kukhazikitsidwa zitha kukhala zowopsa kwambiri: zitha kupangitsa kuti zidziwitso zambiri za kuchuluka kwa kuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe ku Britain. Komanso zimachititsa kuti maboma asamachite zolakwa zilizonse zimene angaone kuti nโzabwino mโtsogolo.
(1) Kum'mawa kwa Africa, Januware 31 2010, UK akukana chiwongola dzanja cha omwe adazunzidwa ku Mau Mau
http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/-/2558/852900/-/pvtdfjz/-/index.html
(2) David Anderson, History of the Hanged: British Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire, 2005, p.5
(3) Caroline Elkins: "British Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya", 2005
(4) Nthawi, Mar 15 1954
(5) Hansard, July 27, 1959
http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1959/jul/27/hola-camp-kenya-report#S5CV0610P0_19590727_HOC_543
(6) MP Barbara Castle, wotchulidwa mu Hansard, July 27 1959
(7) www.fco.goc.uk July 21 2011: "Mtumiki Wakunja akuyankha chigamulo cha Khothi Lalikulu la Mau Mau"
http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?id=633961482&view=News
(8) Ndiku MUTUA, Paulo NZILI, Wambugu Claimants NYINGI, Jane Muthoni MARA & Susan NGONDI โ and -THE FOREIGN AND COMMONWEALTH Defendant OFFICE July 21 2011
(9) UK House of Lords, Lord Hoffmann mu A v Secretary of State for the Home Department (No.2) [2005] UKHL
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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