Ndizodziwikiratu momwe izi ziyenera kutha. Muli ndi makampani olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi, mafuta oyaka, otsutsana ndi ana a koleji, maprofesa ena, akatswiri ochepa a zachilengedwe, asayansi ochepa olimba mtima.
Ndipo ndizoyipa kuposa izo. Ophunzira aku koleji akufuna kuti mayunivesite awo asiyane ndi mafuta oyaka - kuti agulitse katundu wawo ku Exxon ndi Shell ndi ena onse pofuna kuthana ndi kutentha kwa dziko. Koma mayunivesite amenewo, ndi ma board awo, ali ndi ubale wozama ku gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi: kuphatikiza, zopereka zawo ndi zamtengo wapatali $400 biliyoni, ndipo ku Harvard, titi, anthu asanu omwe amayendetsa ntchitoyo amapanga ndalama zochulukirapo monga momwe gulu lonse liphatikiza.
O, ndipo kumbukirani - uwu ukuyenera kukhala m'badwo wa koleji wopanda chidwi. Mtsogoleri wakale wakale a Ralph Nader, polankhula ku Boston chaka chatha, adati ana masiku ano ndi osasamala kuposa omwe adawawona mzaka 45. "Palibe chomwe chimasintha ngati mulibe moto m'mimba mwako," adatero. Ndinu mbadwo wopanda ngakhale makala m'mimba mwanu;
Kodi Congress Ikuyenda Pakusintha Kwanyengo?
Koma nayi kubetcherana kwanga: ana apambana, ndipo akatero, zikhala zovuta. M'malo mwake, ndi Washington yotsekedwa, masukulu amakhala kutsogolo kutsogolo pakulimbana kwanyengo - malo oti athane ndi zomwe zikuwononga dziko lapansi. Kampeni yofuna kuti anthu achotsedwe kuchokera kumafuta oyambira kale idayamba posachedwa pomwe idakhala gulu lalikulu kwambiri la ophunzira mzaka makumi ambiri. Kale izo zikukoka anthu ambiri atolankhani chidwi; kale mipingo ndi maboma amizinda akugwirizana ndi ophunzira pankhondoyi. Ndi pamene zochitikazo mwadzidzidzi.
Ndinali ndi mpando wakutsogolo kuti ndiwonere kuphulika uku - kwenikweni, ndinali pa siteji, paulendo wapadziko lonse womwe unagulitsa nyumba zochitira masewera m'dziko lonse kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu. Ndi gulu la ngwazi zomwe zikupita patsogolo (mlembi Naomi Klein, womenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe Winona LaDuke, wopanga mafilimu Josh Fox, woyambitsa Hip Hop Caucus Lennox Yearwood) komanso ndi Stone Rolling monga othandizira atolankhani, tinatenga basi yathu yoyendera biodiesel kuchokera ku Seattle kupita ku Atlanta, Maine kupita ku Utah, kuyesera kuyambitsa kutsogolo kwatsopano pankhondo yanyengo. Mosazindikira, tidakonza nthawi yaulendo wa DoTheMath bwino kwambiri: Post-Sandy, popeza chaka chotentha kwambiri m'mbiri ya America chinali kutha, sitinavutike kupeza ogwirizana nawo. M'malo mwake, tinali kutumikira mocheperako ngati ma virus panthawiyo ngati vekitala, kulola omenyera ufulu wawo kuwona mphamvu zawo zomwe zikutuluka. Usiku uliwonse, ana ochokera ku makoleji khumi ndi awiri am'deralo amafuula kuti atsimikiza mtima, kenako amasonkhana "Afterath" maphwando kuti akonzekere.
Podzafika pamene tinamaliza, mu December ku Salt Lake City, mโmakoleji 192 mโmakoleji okwana 256 anali ndi ndewu zothetsa mabanja, chiลตerengero chimene chinakula kufika pa XNUMX. Ndipo anthu anali kuona. Pabwalo la Senate, Sheldon Whitehouse wa ku Rhode Island anauza anzake kuti "monga momwe Congress ikugona, anthu a ku America akuchitapo kanthu okha. chokani kwa oipitsa.โ The New York Times, m'nkhani yomwe idatumizidwa kwambiri sabata yatha m'makalata, idati kampeniyi "itha kukakamiza kusintha kwanyengo kuti kuyambirenso pazandale zadziko." Patapita masiku angapo, Time Magazini ina inamaliza nkhani yake yofotokoza mmene anthu akuchulukirachulukira motere: โMapurezidenti a mayunivesite amene salowa pamzere ayenera kuzolowera kumva zionetsero kunja kwa maofesi awo. mpaka atapambana."
Tinapambana ngakhale patangoyamba kumene. Makoleji atatu - Unity ku Maine, Hampshire ku Massachusetts ndi Sterling College ku Vermont - adachotsa masheya awo amafuta. Patatsala masiku atatu Khrisimasi isanachitike, meya wa Seattle Mike McGinn adalengeza kuti ndalama zamzindawu sizidzayikidwanso m'makampani opangira mafuta, ndipo adapempha atsogoleri a thumba la penshoni lamzindawu kuti atsatire zomwe iye akutsogolera. Pofotokoza za kukwera kwa nyanja komwe kumawopseza madera a mzindawo, adati, "Ndikukhulupirira kuti Seattle akuyenera kufooketsa makampaniwa kuti asatenge mafuta, ndikuchotsa thumba la penshoni kumakampani awa ndi njira imodzi yomwe tingachitire izi."
Lingaliro la kuthamangitsidwa silingakhale losavuta: ngati kuli kolakwika kuwononga nyengo, ndikulakwitsa kupindula ndi kuwonongeka kumeneku. Makampani opangira mafuta, monga ndidawonetsera Stone Rolling chilimwe chilimwe, ali ndi mpweya wa carbon wochuluka kuwirikiza kasanu mโmalo mwake monga momwe ngakhale maboma osamala kwambiri padziko lapansi amanena kuti nโngotetezeka kuwotchedwa โ koma pakali pano, udzawotchedwa, kutenthetsa dziko lapansi. Chiyembekezo ndi chakuti kuchokapo ndi njira imodzi yofooketsa makampaniwa - pazachuma, koma kwambiri ndale. Ngati mabungwe ngati makoleji ndi mipingo atawasintha kukhala ma pariah, kusokoneza kwawo ndale ku DC ndi mitu ina kwazaka khumi kudzayamba kutsika. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za kuchepa kwa chikoka cha malo ofikirako fodya - kapena mfundo yakuti kampani yopanga mfuti za Bushmaster inatseka pasanathe masiku angapo chiwembu cha Newtown chitatha, bungwe la California Teachers Pension Fund litafuna kusintha. Robert Massie, yemwe ndi mkulu wa bungwe la New Economics Institute, anati: "Kampeni yochotsa mafuta oyambira pansi iyenera kukhala kulira kwa lipenga m'mawa kwambiri komwe kumatiyitanira tonse."
Sizingakhale ndewu yophweka m'malo ambiri, ndithudi. Ku Harvard, tinene kuti, 72 peresenti ya bungwe la ophunzira adavota kuti agawidwe, koma yunivesiteyo idayankha mwachidwi kwambiri masiku awiri pambuyo pake: "Nthawi zonse timayamikira kumva kuchokera kwa ophunzira za malingaliro awo, koma Harvard sakuganiza zopatukana nawo. makampani okhudzana ndi mafuta oyaka mafuta. " Koma mmodzi wa okonza ophunzira a Harvard adayankha ndi kusakaniza koyenera kwa tsabola ndi ulemu: "Purezidenti ayenera kusintha maganizo ake, chifukwa sitikusintha athu," sophomore Alli Welton adatero. "Kusintha kwanyengo ndi nkhani ya moyo kapena imfa kwa mamiliyoni ndi mamiliyoni a anthu."
Ndipo ndi chowonadi chosavuta kuti, mu semesita zingapo zikubwerazi, zithandiza ophunzira kuchulukitsira magulu a matrasti ndi apurezidenti osafuna. Kusunthaku sikunatuluke ponseponse, pambuyo pake - ngakhale kuti Nader analibe chiyembekezo, ngati mutadziwa komwe mungayang'ane, mutha kuwona mphika ukuwira kwa zaka zingapo. Pamasukulu mazana ambiri, ophunzira adanyengerera maulamuliro awo kuti amange nyumba zobiriwira ndi njira zanjinga; Ophunzira masauzande ambiri adapita ku Washington kukachita misonkhano yayikulu ya Powershift kuti akaphunzire momwe angathandizire pakukula kwanyengo. Ndipo popeza palibenso chilichonse chokhudza kusintha kwanyengo, gululi silidzatha - ndi mkuntho watsopano ndi chilala, lidzapeza mphamvu zomvetsa chisoni.
M'malo mwake, mukakhala pansi ndikusewera zam'tsogolo, mumayamba kuzindikira kuti ophunzira, aphunzitsi, ndi alumni omwe akuchita nawo ntchito ali ndi dzanja labwino modabwitsa. Matrasti ndi apurezidenti amatha kukana poyamba - ali, pafupifupi ndi tanthauzo, mizati ya momwe zinthu ziliri. Koma mayunivesite, pamapeto pake, ndi amodzi mwa malo ochepa pachitukuko chathu pomwe malingaliro akadali ndi mwayi wopambana mphamvu (makamaka popeza ophunzira akukhazikitsa mphamvu zawozawo momwe akukonzekera). Ndipo apa ndi pomwe chifukwa chake chimatsogolera:
1) Mayunivesite akuyenera kutsogolera chifukwa ndi komwe tidadziwa koyamba zakusintha kwanyengo. Munali m'ma laboratories afizikiki komanso pamakompyuta apamwamba akuyunivesite pomwe kuzindikira kuti tinali m'mavuto kudayamba kutuluka m'badwo wapitawo. Pofika pano munthu wamwambi mumsewu amatha kuwona maulosi awo akukwaniritsidwa momvetsa chisoni: Sanali Sandy yekha, ngakhale palibe kukayika kuti chifaniziro cha Atlantic yozizira kutsanula munjira zapansi panthaka ku New York chidasindikiza kufooka kwatsopano kwa chitukuko chakumadzulo. maganizo ambiri. (Ngati chinsalu chachikulu Sabata la Amalonda anagwiritsira ntchito mutu wankhani wakuti โKutentha kwa Padziko Lonse, Kupusa,โ ndiye munadziwa kuti uthengawo ukupitirira.) Koma kulikonse kumene tinadutsa mโdziko lonselo paulendo wathu, anthu anali ndi nkhani zawozawo. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pacific, kumene tinayambira, acidity ya nyanja yapita patsogolo kwambiri moti alimi a oyster ali otaya mtima; ku Nebraska, sabata yomwe tidafika, asayansi adatsimikiza kuti 100 peresenti ya boma tsopano inali "chilala choopsa." Helo, tinafika ku Colorado kuchiyambi kwa December, ndipo usiku umene tinafika moto wolusa kwambiri mโmapiri a Rockies unakakamiza kusamutsidwa kwa nyumba 500. Mu December. Mu Rockies.
Zonsezi zikutanthauza kuti nyengo siilinso ndi nkhawa. Anthu makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu anayi pa 200 aliwonse aku America adanena kuti kutentha kwa dziko kumakhudza nyengo. Pa campus, malingaliro ali pafupi-modzi. "M'makalasi anga amodzi ndidangochita kafukufuku," akutero Stanford watsopano Sophie Harrison, mtsogoleri pankhondo yochotsa ndalama. "Pa anthu XNUMX ndinangopeza atatu omwe sankakhulupirira kusintha kwa nyengo."
Pakadali pano, asayansi akukankhira patsogolo kafukufuku wawo. Zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu zapitazo, iwo anali kulosera za vuto lomwe ife tikuliwona tsopano; akamayembekezera kotala lina lazaka, zinthu zimakhala zowopsa - ndipo ophunzira amatsika kwambiri maphunziro. M'mbuyomu, osungulumwa ochepa, monga a James Hansen wa NASA, anali okonzeka kupita kundende, koma mu Novembala, magazini yoyamba ya sayansi, Nature, adasindikiza ndemanga yolimbikitsa asayansi onse a nyengo kuti "amangidwe ngati kuli kofunikira" chifukwa "izi siziri zovuta za moyo wanu - ndizovuta za kukhalapo kwa mitundu yathu." Mu Disembala, pamsonkhano wapachaka wa American Geophysical Union komwe maphunziro ambiri apamwamba a nyengo amatulutsidwa, gulu limodzi lidasanthula funso lakuti "Kodi Dziko Lapansi Lili Pamapeto?" Wasayansi yemwe akutsogolera gawoli adamaliza kunena kuti mwina - koma "ngati gulu lachilengedwe lachilengedwe likukula lomwe liri lamphamvu mokwanira, lomwe lingathe kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu panthawi yake." Pangani zomwe mungafune: Wasayansi waku America yemwe wakhala nthawi yayitali pa ayezi wosungunuka wa Greenland, Jason Box ku Ohio State, adakwera pabwalo poyimitsa ulendo wathu wa Columbus kuti akafunse OSU ndi makoleji ena kuti achoke.
Kotero pamene, mwachitsanzo, pulezidenti wa Harvard Drew Gilpin Faust akuti "chiyambukiro chathu chothandiza kwambiri pa kusintha kwa nyengo" chidzachokera "zomwe timachita ndi chiphunzitso chathu, kafukufuku wathu. . . ophunzira omwe angakhale atsogoleri a EPA kapena mitundu yonse za mabungwe," ndizowona - kuti maphunziro ndi ofunika. Koma sikugwira ntchito yokhayokha, chifukwa kutentha kumakwerabe.
Mayunivesite apita kale kuposa maphunziro anyengo. Monga wotsogolera ophunzira akale a Maura Cowley akunenera, makoleji 738 kuchokera ku Adams State kupita ku Yunivesite ya Yeshiva asayina kale "President's Climate Commitment," kulonjeza kuti masukulu awo sakhala opanda mpweya chifukwa "akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka komwe sikunachitikepo komanso kuthamanga kwapadziko lonse lapansi. kutentha." Kudziperekaku sikungonena chabe - tsegulani pafupifupi tsamba lililonse la koleji ndipo mupeza tabu ya "kukhazikika," ofesi ya PR ikuyamikira khama laposachedwa loyika ma sola kapena kusinthira kukhala malo oyenda pansi. "Simungayende masitepe 20 pasukulu ya Stanford osawona malo obwezeretsanso," akutero Harrison. "Ndachita chidwi kwambiri ndi zonsezi, ndichifukwa chake zikuwoneka kuti sizomveka kuti adayikapo mafuta opangira mafuta." Ndendende - ngati mwadzipereka ku greening campus yanu, bwanji simungakhale odzipereka ku greening mbiri yanu, inunso? Chifukwa chiyani makina otenthetsera malo atsopano aukadaulo ali chandamale chokhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe, koma osati $ 50 miliyoni yomwe ili ku Peabody Coal, komwe imathandizira kuthandizira akasinja okana nyengo komanso ma Congressmen okana zenizeni?
Choncho divestment. Nthawi zina, makoleji amatha kukhala ndi chikoka popanda kugulitsa masheya - pazinthu zambiri, monga ntchito yapa thukuta, amatha kukhala anzeru posunga katundu wawo, kotero amatha kugwiritsa ntchito udindo wawo ngati eni ake masheya kukopa zisankho zamakampani. "Koma pamene tikukamba za sweatshops, sizinali chifukwa chakuti timatsutsana ndi t-shirts. Tinkangofunikira kusintha momwe makampani amagwirira ntchito, "akutero Klein. Dan Apfel, yemwe ndi mkulu wa Responsible Endowments Coalition adagwirizanitsa zambiri zomwe zikubwera, "Ngati ndinu Apple, tikufuna kuti mupange makompyuta anu m'njira zabwino. Koma timakonda makompyuta. , ngakhale - kukhalapo kwake kumatsutsana kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwathu kukhala wathanzi."
2) Mayunivesite amamvetsetsa masamu, ndipo apa masamu oti ndani ali ndi mlandu ndi QED yomveka bwino. Amaloza molunjika kumakampani opangira mafuta.
Pakadali pano, omenyera ufulu ambiri akudziwa ziwerengero zitatu zomwe ndidazifotokoza m'magazini ino chilimwe chatha, pachidutswa chomwe chidayamba kufalikira: Ngati titi tisunge kutentha kwa mapulaneti mpaka madigiri awiri omwe maboma adziko lapansi anena kuti ndiye mzere wofiyira. akhoza kungowotcha magigatoni enanso 565 a kaboni - koma makampani opangira mafuta, achinsinsi komanso aboma, ali ndi ma gigatoni a 2795 a carbon m'malo awo. Ndiko kuti, ali ndi kasanu kuposa malasha ndi mafuta ndi gasi zomwe zimafunika kuti aziwotcha dziko lapansi, ndipo akufuna kuziwotcha - makamaka, kampani ngati Exxon imadzitamandira kuti imawononga madola milioni zana patsiku kufunafuna ma hydrocarbons ambiri, gasi wa fracking ndi mafuta a Arctic ndi mchenga wa phula omwe amapeza. "Masamu ndi osatsutsika," akutero Klein, womenyera ufulu wamakampani yemwe wakhala akuthandiza kutsogolera nkhondoyi. "Makampani opangira mafuta oyaka mafuta sanavutike kutsutsana nawo. Ndipo kubwera pankhaniyi ndi manambala ngati amenewo, kuwayika m'maphunziro apamwamba, izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa mabungwe a trustee - omwe amayenera kutero. kukhala anthu owerengeka - kuti athane nawo Mwadzidzidzi ndi ophunzira omwe ali ocheperako, ndipo ongoganiza bwino ndi apurezidenti aku banki omwe safuna kuthana ndi zenizeni akuwayang'ana pamaso.
Sizili ngati kuti tonsefe omwe timagwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyambira pansi sitikhudzidwa - kuwulukira ku Florida kukapuma masika kumadzaza mlengalenga ndi kaboni. Koma ndi makampani opangira mafuta okha omwe amangoyendayenda usana ndi usiku kuonetsetsa kuti palibe chomwe chimasintha. "Tapeza gwero la vutoli pofika pano," akutero Maura Cowley, yemwe monga mkulu wa Energy Action Coalition wakhala akugwirizanitsa ntchito za chilengedwe za ophunzira kwa zaka zambiri. Zochita za munthu aliyense payekha, koma kusintha kwadongosolo - zinthu monga mtengo waukulu wa kaboni womwe makampani atsekereza kwazaka zambiri - ndizo zonse zomwe zitha kusintha mafunde pawindo lalifupi sayansi yanyengo imasiyabe. "Kuwatsata mwachindunji kumamveka bwino," akutero Cowley.
3) Poyang'anizana ndi mtundu uwu wa umboni wosatsutsika, makoleji adatsogolera m'mbuyomu, akuvomereza kuti zopereka zawo, nthawi zambiri, sizingangofuna kuti awonjezere phindu.
Mโzaka za mโma 1980, makoleji 156 anasiyanitsidwa ndi makampani amene ankachita bizinezi mu nthawi ya tsankho la South Africa, zomwe Nelson Mandela anaziyamikira kuti zinathandiza kwambiri pankhondo yomenyera ufulu wawo. โNdimakumbukira bwino masiku amenewo,โ akutero James Powell, yemwe anali pulezidenti wa Oberlin, Franklin ndi Marshall, ndi Reed College. "Oyang'anira ntchito poyamba adanena kuti ntchito yathu yokhayo inali yowonjezera phindu, kuti sitichita china chilichonse. Anayenera kukopeka kuti pali machitidwe ena omwe amakoleji samayenera kugwirizana nawo, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuponderezana kwa anthu." Kuyambira pamenepo, makoleji atengapo mbali ndi zomwe apatsidwa pazovuta kuchokera ku Sudan kupita ku ma thukuta. Pamene Harvard adasiya kugulitsa fodya mu 1990, pulezidenti wapanthaลตiyo Derek Bok adanena kuti yunivesiteyo sinafune "kuyanjana ndi makampani omwe malonda awo amapanga chiopsezo chachikulu komanso chosavomerezeka chovulaza anthu ena." Popeza kuti deta yaposachedwa kwambiri ikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta amafuta kumatha kupha 100 miliyoni pofika 2030, makampani a malasha, mafuta ndi gasi angawoneke kuti apambana mayesowo mosavuta; ilinso m'mphepete mwa kukhazikitsa 6th vuto lalikulu la kutha, kotero kuti aliyense mu labotale ya biology yophunzira za anthu omwe sianthu alinso ndi gawo. Umu ndi momwe Desmond Tutu, mnzake wa Mandela pa kumasulidwa kwa dziko la South Africa, adaziyika muvidiyo yomwe adapanga paulendo wa DotheMath: "Makampani adamvetsetsa malingaliro a ndalama ngakhale sanatengeke ndi malamulo a makhalidwe abwino," a Nobel. Wopambana Mphotho Yamtendere anafotokoza. โNโzoona kuti kusintha kwa nyengo ndi nkhani ya makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Kuno ku Africa kuno tikuwona kuzunzika koopsa kwa anthu chifukwa cha chilala, kukwera kwa mitengo ya chakudya, kusefukira kwa madzi, ngakhale kuti sanachitepo kanthu kuti abweretse vutoli. kachiwiri, titha kuyanjana ngati dziko ndikuyika zovuta zomwe zimafunikira." Kapena, inu mukudziwa, ayi.
4) Ndipo si anthu okhawo omwe ali patali omwe ali pamavuto pano, ngakhale mpaka pano akumana ndi zovuta - achinyamata, mtundu wa anthu omwe mumawapeza kwambiri pamasukulu, ndi omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Tiyerekeze kuti zaka zambiri za trustee waku koleji ndi 60, kutanthauza kuti ali ndi zaka makumi awiri pa dziko lapansi; iwo angasunthike kupita kumsonkhano waukulu wamagulu mumlengalenga kusintha kwa nyengo kusanakhale kosapiririka kwa Oyamba Padziko Lonse olemera. Koma wophunzira wanu wapakati ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi kutsogolo - ndipo asayansi akunena kuti pa nthawi yomwe tikutentha mopanda malire, tikhoza kuona kutentha kwa dziko lapansi kukwera madigiri 6 Celsius m'mbali imeneyo, ndi zotsatira zomwe zimafotokozedwa bwino ngati nthano za sayansi. "Pofika nthawi yomwe takonzeka kukhala ndi ana, gulani nyumba - ndi dziko losiyana kwambiri ngati sitingakhazikitse mabuleki mwachangu," akutero Cowley, wokonza ophunzira mdzikolo. "Ndizovuta kukonzekera moyo wanu ngati wachinyamata pompano - pofika chaka cha 2050, sitikudziwa kuti tipeza kuti chakudya chathu."
Sizili ngati olamulira, akukumana ndi kutentha kwa dziko, akudzipangira okha. Mamolekyu a carbon dioxide amakhala mโmlengalenga pafupifupi zaka 55, kutanthauza kuti, malinga ndi gulu la anthu ochita zitsanzo pa Climate Interactive, โpamene pulezidenti wa pakoleji wazaka 11 amene amaumirira masiku ano kuti ntchito imene ikufunika kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mafuta amtengo wapatali ikadzafika msinkhu. pakupuma pantchito, 2 peresenti yokha ya CO2016 yotulutsidwa m'kalasi ya maphunziro a 2075 idzachoka mumlengalenga. " Mโmalo mwake, akutero pulezidenti wakale wa koleji Powell, kusanthula koteroko kukusonyeza kuti matrasti ali ndi udindo wofanana ndi walamulo wochita zonse zomwe angathe pakusintha kwanyengo: โBololo liyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ndalamazo zimalola kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa mibadwo, kuti ophunzira kupita ku Oberlin mu XNUMX kumapindula kwambiri ngati omwe ali kumeneko tsopano.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, zimamveka zoyipa - monga zosiyana ndi zomwe matrasti aku koleji akuyenera kuchita. "Ndikuwona m'badwo uwu ukuperekedwa kulikonse," akutero Klein. "Achinyamata opanda tsogolo - umu ndi momwe amaonera chuma. Ndipo akamvetsa kuti chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo mwina sangayang'ane tsogolo lawo, zimawakwiyitsa kwambiri, monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira." Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti, anthu ambiri afika kale pamizere yamitundu yonseyi. "Nthawi zina zimakhala zowopsa kuzilekanitsa ndi mibadwo," atero a Alex Leff, wophunzira watsopano ku Hampshire College, yemwe adathawa masika. โBanja langa nthaลตi zonse linkanena kuti, โAnanu muyenera kuchitapo kanthu pa zimenezi. Ndikukana zimenezo - nanga bwanji ngati ifenso titayimitsa, ndikuti ndi ntchito ya ana athu si Achinyamata okha omwe amayendetsa izi - zimathandiza kwambiri kuona akulu athu akuchitanso gawo lawo? Chotero ku koleji pambuyo pa koleji, maprofesa (ambiri a iwo anali kukoleji mโkati mwa ndewu zapanthaลตi yapambuyo) akusaina zopempha ndi kuloลตa miguba. Alumni ayambanso kulowa - ano ndi masiku oyambilira, koma masukulu amafotokoza makalata ochokera kwa opereka ndalama akufunsa ngati akukonzekera kuchita zoyenera.
5) Ndipo pamenepa, angathe kuchita zabwino popanda mtengo waukulu.
Ma trustees aku koleji, ndithudi, akuganiza za mphatso zawo. Akuda nkhawa kuti ataya ndalama ngati athawa - kuti ngati sangathe kuyimitsa ndalama zawo ku Exxon et al., zokolola zawo zitha kuchepa.
Manthawo ali pafupifupi mopambanitsa - mphamvu zamagetsi zakhala zikuposa chiwerengero cha msika zaka zingapo zapitazi, koma lag ngati mutenga 30 yotsiriza yonse. Stephen Mulkey ndi purezidenti wa Unity College ku Maine, yomwe idakhala koleji yoyamba mdziko muno kusiya mwalamulo mafuta omwe ali nawo. Anayimilira kuti apereke nkhaniyi pamaso pa zikwizikwi zomwe zinafika ku Portland's State Theatre kuti ayime panjira yathu, mphindi yamagetsi yomwe inabweretsa khamu la anthu. "Simuyenera kuchita izi usiku umodzi," adatero - zowonadi, okonza kampeni angopempha kuti makoleji alonjeze kugulitsa magawo awo, ndikukhala zaka zisanu zikubwerazi akumaliza ntchito zawo kuti asagulitse. mu malonda a moto. "Pali mabuku ochuluka a maphunziro osonyeza kuti kuyang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu monga chonchi, poganizira momwe msika udzakhalire posachedwa, sikungabweretse mavuto. china chake. Ndipotu, zakhalapo phunziro limodzi la maphunziro za zotsatira za kuthawa, ndipo zikuwonetsa "chilango chobwezera chamalingaliro" pa 0.0034 peresenti, chomwe chiri chofanana ndi "pafupifupi palibe."
M'masukulu ena, ndalama zina zitha kubwerezedwanso ku koleji yomwe - popanga zosintha zobiriwira zomwe zimapulumutsa ndalama zambiri. Mark Orlowski, wamkulu wa Sustainable Endowments Institute, wangotulutsa kumene a lipoti kusonyeza kuti chiwongola dzanja cha pachaka cha ndalama zamapulojekiti chikwi chimodzi chogwira ntchito bwino mโmakampasi mโdziko lonselo chinali chochepera pa 30 peresenti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msika wa masheya ukhale wochepa. "Oyang'anira koleji nthawi zambiri amaganiza za njira yatsopano yowunikira ngati 'ndalama,' osati ndalama, koma ayi," akutero. "Ngati mugulitsa miliyoni imodzi ndipo mungayembekezere kuchotsa $ 2.8 miliyoni pazaka khumi zikubwerazi, ndiye tanthauzo la kumveka bwino." M'makoleji - ndi kwina kulikonse - kuthekera kobwezeretsanso kwakukulu ndi kwakukulu: mwachitsanzo, San Francisco Board of Supervisors ikuganiza zolimbikitsa thumba lake la penshoni kuti lichotse madola biliyoni imodzi. Izo zikhoza kuchititsanso kubiriwira kwambiri.
Ndizothekanso kuti zidziwitso zamtsogolo zoperekedwa ndi olimbikitsa ophunzira omwe adzutsidwa atha kupanga upangiri wanzeru pakuyika ndalama. Monga momwe woyambitsa hedge fund Tom Steyer, yemwe adalangiza matrasti kuti awononge katundu wawo, anati, "Kuchokera ku malingaliro odzikonda, ndi zabwino kwambiri ku makoleji kuti adziwe chinachake chokhudza tsogolo chomwe ena sadziwa. Chifukwa kuyika ndalama sikukhudzana zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu - mitengo yonse ndikuyembekeza zomwe zichitike m'tsogolomu mavuto omwe timakumana nawo angodziwika bwino pamtengowo.
Steyer ndi Investor wabwino - phindu lake limamuyika pamndandanda wa Fortune 400, kutanthauza kuti ndiwofunika kwambiri kuposa zomwe amaphunzira ku koleji. Zomwe akunena ndi izi: Makoleji ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi madipatimenti a physics osati chifukwa chakuti physics ndi chinthu chabwino. M'lingaliro lina, mayunivesite ali ndi chidziwitso chamkati - amadziwa momwe kutentha kwa dziko kungakhalire koipa, motero akhoza kuchotsa gehena mu mafuta otsalira kale, osati pambuyo pake, maboma atalowererapo kuti asunge nkhokwe zawo mobisa. "Kafukufuku wa sayansi akakalowa m'malingaliro a osunga ndalama padziko lonse lapansi, mtengo wake sudzaima," akutero. Koma popeza Investor wamba amadalira, kunena, the Wall Street Journal, yomwe yakhala ngati cholankhulira chosatha cha kukana nyengo, makoleji ali ndi mwayi. "Njira yokhayo yomwe mungapezere mwayi wopezera ndalama padziko lonse lapansi ndi pamene muli ndi malire." Ponena za iwo omwe akuganiza kuti adikira mpaka mphindi yomaliza, mpweya wa carbon usanayambe kuphulika, "Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zopusa kwambiri zomwe ndidamvapo. Palibe amene amatuluka pamwamba. Ndikoyenera kuphonya awiri ena abwino. zaka za Exxon kupewa zomwe zikubwera. "
Poyang'anizana ndi zomveka ngati izi, kuchuluka kwa makoleji akuoneka kuti akufunitsitsa kuchita nawo mkanganowo. Mwachitsanzo, abwana anga, Koleji ya Middlebury ya Vermont, yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala m'makoleji asanu apamwamba a zaluso zaufulu m'dzikolo, yakhala ndi zokambirana zingapo komanso zokambirana zotseguka mwezi uno ndipo matrasti akuyembekeza kupanga chisankho m'chaka. Ndipo popeza Middlebury inali koleji yoyamba mdziko muno yokhala ndi dipatimenti yophunzirira zachilengedwe, gulu lake la ophunzira, aphunzitsi ndi magulu a alumni amadzazidwa ndi anthu omwe amazindikira mphamvu zomwe zingachitike. Zokambirana zofananirazi zikuchitika ku Bates, Bowdoin, Bryn Mawr, Earlham, Pitzer. Koma si masukulu ang'ono ang'onoang'ono a zaluso. Ophunzira a ku yunivesite ya New Hampshire adapereka siginecha chikwi kwa pulezidenti Khrisimasi isanachitike kuti achotsedwe; pa yunivesite yoyandikana nayo ya Vermont, aphungu a boma ayamba kukakamiza kuti achitepo kanthu, pakulimbikitsana ndi kampeni yaikulu ya ophunzira. Ku Cal, seneti ya ophunzira yathandizira kupatukana ndi malire; Ophunzira a UNC adaposa anzawo aku Harvard, kuvota 77 peresenti kuti achotsedwe.
Ndiye tiyeni tiyerekeze kwa kamphindi kuti ophunzira ndi anzawo atha kukopa makoleji ambiri ndi mayunivesite kuti achite zoyenera. Makamaka kwa iwo omwe amasaina mwachangu, ndipo ndi rancor yocheperako, pangakhale zabwino zenizeni. "Titatha kuthawa," adatero Mulkey wa Unity College, "tinayamba kulandira zopereka pa intaneti. Tikuwona kuwonjezeka kwa mafunso athu kuchokera kwa ophunzira. Ndikuganiza kuti izi zidzasintha kukhala kusintha kwa kalembera. Ichi si chifukwa chake tinachitira, koma ndi zoona." Powell, pokumbukira nthawi yomwe Oberlin anasiya tsankho, akuti, "Ndimamvadi kuti imalimbikitsa anthu kuti azitsatira maphunziro awo. Nthawi zonse pakakhala kusintha - kuthetsa magulu, kugwirizana - nthawi zonse pamakhala nkhawa kuti alumni sangakonde kusintha. Tikuwona mobwerezabwereza kuti zonenazi ndi zabodza - mutha kugunda kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, koma pamapeto mukusintha ndi dziko. " Alumni ena, akutero Klein, "angakhale oipidwa. Koma kwa ena ambiri, kudzakhala kosangalatsa. Mwadzidzidzi kuyunivesite yomwe adachokerako si malo a chikhumbo chabe, koma malo omwe angakhale ndi chikoka m'tsogolomu."
Chikoka chimenecho chikhoza kukhala chotsimikizika, nachonso. Zochepa pazachuma, ngakhale ndalama zokwana madola 400 biliyoni m'makoleji aku America si ndalama zochepa, kuposa zandale ndi zachikhalidwe. Koleji ndi komwe anthu amadziganizira okha, pambuyo pake; ngati mwadzidzidzi zosonkhanitsazo zachidziwitso zimadzudzula makampani opangira mafuta ophatikizika ndi zinthu zakale, kuphwanya malamulo afizikiki, zipanga kusiyana. Makampani opangira mafuta opangira mafuta amasamala kwambiri za fano, pambuyo pake - ndizomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuti azilamulira ndale. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amayendetsa zotsatsa zapa TV za "malasha oyera," malonda osatha omwe ali ndi zimbalangondo za polar ndi zida zobowola. Makoleji amatha kuwalanda chilolezo chawo, ndipo ngati atsogolera, ena amatsatira. "Kuthamanga komwe kampeniyi yafalikira kukuchititsa kuti anthu azigulitsa ndalama," atero Andy Behar, CEO wa As You Sow, mnzake wapa kampeni yemwe amalimbikitsa udindo wamabizinesi ndi chilengedwe kudzera polimbikitsa omwe akugawana nawo. "Tikuyembekeza njira zambiri zopezera ndalama za 'carbon free' zomwe zikubwera pamsika m'miyezi ikubwerayi kuti tipeze ndalama, maziko, ndi mabungwe ena omwe akufuna kusuntha ndalama zogulira ndalama kuti apange tsogolo labwino lamphamvu." Pakali pano, mipingo iwiri ikuluikulu yachikhristu yalengeza kuti iganiza zochotsa ndalama zawo. Titha kuganiza zamakampani opanga mafuta monga fodya watsopano, wodzichepetsa kotero kuti akuyenera kubwera pagome la zokambirana ku DC ndi mitu ina yofunika.
Pamasukulu ena, sizikuyenda bwino; m'malo ena, mosakayika, makoleji azimenya nawo okha nkhondo, ndi matrasti akutsatiridwa motsutsana ndi zovuta zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira za ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, nkhondoyi idzakhala yofunika kwambiri, kuphunzitsa kalasi yatsopano yomwe ikubwera za omwe amachititsa kusintha kwa nyengo. Nโzovuta kulingalira kuti zonsezi ndi zongotengera nthawi yochepa chabe. "Kutentha kwapadziko lonse sikutha m'moyo wa munthu aliyense," akutero Powell - ndipo kuyambira pano, mphepo yamkuntho iliyonse, mvula yamkuntho iliyonse idzakhala yovuta ku mtundu wa yunivesite, chikumbutso chakuti maphunziro a munthu kapena malipiro ake akulipidwa ndi omwe alibe. -kutha pang'onopang'ono kwa kuthekera kwa dziko lapansi. Ophunzira, ndikuganiza, atsimikiza mtima kukhulupirira m'makoleji omwe amawakonda - komanso ali pankhondo. Mwachitsanzo, ku Swarthmore ku Pennsylvania, akhala akufuna kuti achotsedwe kwa chaka chimodzi popanda mwayi. "Makamaka m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono aukadaulo, ophunzira amakhulupilira kuti ma board a koleji ndi oyang'anira nthawi zonse azichita zoyenera - kuti tikangokambirana ndi oyang'anira mokwanira, abwera," akutero Hannah Jones, yemwe adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Swarthmore masika apitawa. . Koma m'malo mwake, ngakhale pasukulu ngati Swarthmore yokhala ndi chikhalidwe chakuya cha Quaker, "oyang'anira ndi board ndi gawo la mabungwe omwe amapangidwa kuti athandizire momwe zinthu ziliri," kotero "zili kwa ophunzira, aphunzitsi, ndi alumni kuti apange mphamvu. ndi kukakamiza anthu kuti achitepo kanthu molimba mtima komanso mwachangu. Ndipo ophunzira akamaphunzira kupanga makampeni amenewo, chidziwitso chimafalikira mwachangu. Ophunzira a Swarthmore, mwachitsanzo, akuchititsa 'kulumikizana' sabata ino kwa omenyera ufulu wa anthu ochokera m'masukulu ambiri; kwa iwo omwe sangathe kuyenda ulendowu. gofossilfree.org yakhala ngati malo ochotsera mavidiyo, manifesto, zolemba, zosintha.
Si mwina a msilikali m'badwo - mwina ndi zomwe zidamukhudza Nader, yemwe adazolowera kwambiri zipolowe za m'ma 1960 ndi mitu yawo yayikulu yakumasulidwa kwa chikhalidwe. Koma pambuyo pa Occupy, achinyamata ambiri akujambula maubwenzi. "Tikufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti sitingogawikana, koma kuti timange mphamvu zenizeni pazandale pamigwirizano yayikulu," akutero a Jones. Ndipo ngati ndinu woyang'anira koleji, muyenera mwina kuopa anthu amene amadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito YouTube, Twitter ndi Facebook kuposa inu; "Wankhondo" amamveka bwino, koma "kulimbikira," "kulinganiza" ndi "kudzipereka" mwina ndizowopsa kwambiri pazomwe zikuchitika. Ndipo mutha kutsimikizira izi poyang'ana ophunzira omwewo akuthamangitsa kampeni yothamangitsira mwachangu ndikulowa nawo gulu lalikulu lazachilengedwe: mwadzidzidzi, akuthandizira kutsutsa Pipeline ya Keystone, kapena kugwira ntchito molimbika ndi ogwirizana nawo a Appalachian polimbana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mapiri. migodi ya malasha.
Makampani opanga mafuta opangira zinthu zakale atha kukhala otsogola padziko lonse lapansi, koma pasukulupo, akukumana ndi zotsutsa zake zoyambirira. Kutentha kwa dziko kwakhala mutu wofunikira pamaphunziro aliwonse kuyambira zamulungu kupita ku psychology mpaka ku accounting, kuchokera ku engineering ndi anthropology mpaka sayansi yandale. Ndilo vuto lalikulu laluntha ndi makhalidwe abwino m'mbiri ya anthu - lomwe, ngati mungaganizire, ndilo chifukwa chake tili ndi makoleji ndi mayunivesite.
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