Chigaza cha shuga chomwe chapambana mphoto chikuwonetsedwa ku Alfeñique Museum ku Toluca. Ngongole: Tamara Pearson
Zigaza za shuga ku Mexico zimapangitsa imfa kukhala yokongola, yandale, komanso yosangalatsa - koma ambiri Kumadzulo sangawaone ngati luso. Zoona zake, ndizopanda pake komanso zatsankho kuti luso liyenera kuchitidwa m'njira ya Kumadzulo kuti likhale luso, komanso kuti liyenera kutsekedwa m'malo owonetsera zojambulajambula ndikugulitsidwa pamitengo ya elitist kuti itengedwe mozama.
Kaŵirikaŵiri, luso lopangidwa m’maiko osauka limatayidwa ndi gulu lotsika la “ntchito zamanja.” Koma kumangoyendayenda Alfeñique chilungamo (pafupifupi: zigaza za shuga) kumapeto kwa sabata ndikulankhula ndi ena mwa mazana a ojambula omwe akugulitsa zigaza zosaneneka, zinali zoonekeratu kuti sanagwirizane.
"Zimatenga miyezi iwiri kuti tipange zonsezi, ndipo timachita zonse ndi manja," adatero Marco Antonio Garcia Gonzalez wojambula chigaza cha shuga.
"Izi ndi luso - timaganizira za mapangidwe, ndipo timasintha mapangidwe chaka chilichonse. Timaphatikiza miyambo ndi zomwe tikukumana nazo masiku ano, ndi zamakono. Kuno ku Mexico, timakhulupirira kulemekeza akufa, amene amakhala nafe nthaŵi zonse. Chifukwa chake anthu amawona izi mozama kwambiri ndipo amafunafuna china chake chapadera kwa iwo kupereka (chopereka kapena Tsiku la guwa la akufa m’nkhaniyi). Lusoli ndi chizindikiro cha Mexico, "anatero Jose Antonio Nava.
Chiwonetserochi chikuchitika kwa milungu iwiri mumzinda wa Toluca, kutsogolo kwa Tsiku la Akufa. Pakatikati mwa mzindawu, pali malo pafupifupi 100 ogulitsa zigaza zopangidwa ndi phala lapadera la shuga, kapena osakaniza amtundu wa amaranth, kapena chokoleti. Confetti (zokongoletsa mapepala odulidwa) ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Tsiku la Akufa chopereka ziliponso. Malo aliwonse amayendetsedwa ndi wojambula kapena ndi banja kapena gulu, ndipo aliyense ali ndi mapangidwe ake. Zigaza zawo zonse zidapangidwa ndi manja, ngakhale zing'onozing'ono, zopezeka ndi dola imodzi kapena ziwiri, zidapangidwa mwachangu.
"Ndimaganizira za luso limeneli. Imfa imachitikira aliyense, ndipo zimene tikuchita pano zikuimira zimenezo. Tikutetezanso chikhalidwe kunthawi zakale. Zigaza zomwe timapanga zimatanthauza zambiri. Timawayika m'mitima yathu kupereka ndiyeno pambuyo pa Tsiku la Akufa timadya ndi kusangalala nazo, "wojambula Araceli Sanchez Millán anandiuza.
Collective Artistic Expression
M'mayiko a Kumadzulo, luso lazojambula limaperekedwa kwa munthu payekha - kwa akatswiri ochepa chabe. Koma luso lomwe madera onse ndi unyinji wa anthu amatenga nawo mbali amakhala ndi phindu lalikulu pagulu komanso luso.
Alfeñique ndi "zojambula zenizeni zodziwika bwino, zomwe zimadyedwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa ... sitikuzipereka kufunikira kwake, monga ntchito yojambula ndi anthu. Komabe, izi ndi ziboliboli zenizeni za shuga, zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuposa dongo, " analemba Maria Teresa Pomar, katswiri wazojambula zodziwika ku Mexico.
Zojambula - kuphatikiza zigaza za shuga, kuphatikiza zojambula ndi zojambula zaku Mexico alebrije zolengedwa - zikapangidwa ndi anthu, kwa anthu, zimawerengera lingaliro lakuti kulenga ndi kwa anthu apamwamba. Ikhoza kutumiza uthenga wamphamvu wandale: Mexico ndi anthu amtundu wake ndi oyenera kupatsidwa ulemu ndi ulemu, ndipo Mexico ili ndi chidziwitso choposa chanarcos chowonetsedwa m'mafilimu aku Hollywood, komanso kupitilira malingaliro otopetsa a mapiko amanja.
Koma nkhani za Kumadzulo - zokopa alendo nkhani ndi maupangiri ndi zina - amakonda kukana zigaza za shuga monga "zojambula zamanja," "zikumbutso," kapena, "zaluso za anthu," - kuyang'ana zojambulazo malinga ndi momwe zimawathandizira, ndikulola ma tag amtengo ndi zojambulajambula zaku Western. Zolinga zaumwini ndi zatsopano zimatengera kulenga komwe ali nako.
Ku US, zikuwoneka, azungu nawonso amasangalala gulitsa, co-opt, ndi phindu kuchokera ku Tsiku la Akufa ndi zizindikiro zake, pokhala osafunitsitsa kuzindikira utsogoleri waluso wa Mexico. UNESCO, osachepera, amazindikira Tsiku la Akufa ngati Cholowa Chachikhalidwe Chosaoneka cha Anthu.
Zigaza ndi Shuga: Kunyoza Olanda
Tsiku la Akufa, lokondwerera kuyambira pa 31 Okutobala mpaka 2 Novembara, ndi chikondwelero za moyo, kulemekeza makolo, ndi chitonzo cha imfa. Mpaka osachepera 3,000 zaka zapitazo, anthu a m'derali amalemekeza mafupa a achibale akufa monga njira yolankhulirana ndi dziko lauzimu, ndipo Mexicas ndi Aztec ankagwiritsa ntchito zigaza monga chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri mu akachisi, ndi chinthu champhamvu. Aaziteki anachita chikondwerero chokondwerera mulungu wamkazi Mictecacihuatl, “mkazi wa akufa” amene amayang’anira mafupa a akufa. Pambuyo pa kuukira kwa Spain, Tsiku la Akufa linatenganso mikhalidwe ina Yachikristu.
Kenako, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, Jose Guadalupe Posada adalemba Catrina (Chibade cha Catrina), m'ma etchings ena. Anamukoka ngati chigaza - chizindikiro cha anthu a ku Mexican - atavala chipewa chapamwamba - chizindikiro cha anthu apamwamba a ku Ulaya, kuimira anthu a ku Mexico omwe ankafuna ku Ulaya kapena zikhalidwe za elitist. Tsopano, akupanga gawo lalikulu la zikondwerero za Akufa a Akufa, akuwonetsedwa pakati pa zigaza za shuga, muzojambula, ndi zovala ndi ma parade.
Njira yopangira zigawenga za shuga imasiyanasiyana kumadera ndi dera komanso wojambula mpaka wojambula: m'chigawo cha Puebla amondi, mtedza, njere za dzungu, ndi dzira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, pamene uchi wa Oaxaca ndiwofala. Phala la shuga pachiyambi adachokera ku Persia, adatengedwa ku Spain, kenako adabweretsedwa ku Mexico, komwe anthu anali ndi ziwerengero zawo Zopereka zopangidwa kuchokera ku amaranth. Masiku ano, anthu amalenga Zopereka m'nyumba zawo - ndi magawo atatu omwe akuyimira dziko lakuthupi ndi lakuthupi, kapena magawo asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu, chifukwa cha mayesero a Aaztec amakhulupirira kuti miyoyo iyenera kudutsa. Madera, masukulu, malo antchito, ndi anthu osiyanasiyana nthawi zina amamanga pamodzi Zopereka, ndi a Tlahuicas, mwachitsanzo, atagwira mwambo ndi kukumbukira atsogoleri akufa ndi maulamuliro, ndi Matlatzinca kupanga arch, ndi makonzedwe mu mawonekedwe a dzuwa, kuunikira miyoyo ya akufa. Amagwiritsanso ntchito mkate ngati nyama.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mawu Oti “Zochita Pamanja” Kutanthauza Kutsika
Zina mwa zigaza zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pachiwonetsero cha Toluca ndizosavuta, ndipo tikaganizira za ntchito zamanja, nthawi zambiri timaganiza za "luso lenileni". Koma ndi Andy Warhol Masoka (1976), mwachitsanzo, inalinso yophweka - ndiye kodi pali chowonadi pa kusiyana kumeneku pakati pa "zaluso" ndi "ntchito zamanja," kapena kodi mawuwa ndi njira yabwino yokwezera zaluso zamitundu ina, ndikutsitsa ena?
Art, malinga ndi Merriam-Webster ndi Collins, ndi "Kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru luso ndi malingaliro opanga kupanga zinthu zokongola ... kuti anthu aziyang'ana ndi kusirira kapena kuganiza mozama." Palibe mu tanthauzo limenelo lomwe limaletsa zigaza za shuga ku Mexico. Mutha kunenanso kuti luso limapangidwanso mobwerezabwereza, motsatira ndondomeko, koma ojambula odziwika kumadzulo amatsatiranso masitayelo ndi mayendedwe. Mutha kunena kuti zojambula zamagalasi zimagulitsa zojambulajambula zambiri - koma ndikuwonetsa kusalingana muzaluso, osati chifukwa chosiyana.
A New York Times nkhani anafunsidwa ngati “luso lapamwamba” liyenera kutanthauza zaluso “zabwino”, pomwe wolembayo akufotokoza mfundo yomveka bwino: “Potengera kutamandidwa ndi ndalama zotsanuliridwa ndi otolera ndi mabungwe muukadaulo wapamwamba… kwa amisiri ambiri. "
Ndipotu, lingaliro la wojambula kumadzulo silinakhalepo mpaka kubwezeretsedwa kwa Ulaya, pamene ojambula anasiya kulipidwa ndi phazi lalikulu la zojambulajambula, ndipo m'malo mwake analipidwa potengera ubwino, katswiri wa mbiri yakale Laura Morelli. anatsutsana. Ojambula ndi ziboliboli "adakwezedwa kukhala nyenyezi ya rock" pamene omwe amapangabe zoyikapo nyali, zotengera za ceramic, ndi zodzikongoletsera zagolide ankadziwika kuti amisiri. Ntchito yawo inali yokongoletsa komanso yotsika.
Masiku ano, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi luso kapena ntchito zamanja zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi omwe akupanga luso, ndi amene akugula: ngati ali mzungu wolemera, kapena wosauka, mkazi wachibadwidwe wa ku Mexico. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mawu awiriwa kumapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala amtengo wapatali, ndipo zojambulajambula zakumadzulo zimakwezedwa pamwamba pa zaluso zochokera ku Africa, Latin America, ndi madera ena a Asia.
Zotsatira za utsogoleri woterewu ndi woopsa: otchedwa "amisiri" amagwira ntchito mosadziwika, amapeza ndalama zochepa, amatengedwa mochepa kwambiri, ndi chikhalidwe chawo chonse. Pamapeto pake, ndikuganiza luso la chigaza ndi alebrije waku Mexico akuyeneranso kukhala ngati rock star.
Tamara Pearson wakhala akuphunzitsa zaluso ndi malingaliro m'masukulu ku Venezuela ndi Mexico kwa zaka zisanu, wakhala mtolankhani kwa zaka 17, ndiye wolemba Ndende ya Butterfly, ndi ma blog Mawu Otsutsa.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama
10 Comments
Muy buen artículo, me ha aclarado muchas cosas. Sigan así, muchas gracias.
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Pues bueno que se me olvido mencionar unos lindos pañales para bebe;
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A que bonito ejemplo es que nos enseña don Romu, que viva mexico!!y de papa noel
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Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazosavuta mabulogu abwino, zikomo
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Amazin positi, ichi ndichinthu chomwe inunso mutha kuwona, apa muli ndi askulls ecofriendly
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Muy buen artículo, sigan con tan buen trabajo muchachos!
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Nkhani yochititsa chidwi, yabwino kwambiri yopangidwa ndi manja. Oo!
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Patsambali, wolemba adafotokoza momwe angapangire chigaza cha shuga https://decalaveras.com.mx/decorar-una-calavera-azucar/