Tsiku lobadwa labwino, Kenya!
Pa 12 December 2013 unakwanitsa zaka 50!
Koma kodi pali ndalama zingati zokondwerera?
Pambuyo pa zaka 50 zaufulu zimenezo, kodi ndinudi okondwa, okhutitsidwa, mumtendere ndi inu nokha? Kodi ana anu amadyetsedwa bwino komanso ophunzira? Kodi akazi anu ndi otetezeka komanso otetezedwa? Kodi amuna anu akuyenda monyada ndi aatali, polamulira miyoyo yawo?
Iwo amati panthawi imene munali ufulu wodzilamulira, munali olemera kwambiri kuposa dziko la Korea, ndipo panali chiyembekezo choti mudzakhala bwino mutachotsa ulamuliro wankhanza wa atsamunda wa ku Britain.
Simunatchulidwepo kuti โmtundu wa utawalezaโ, koma munalidi, wokhala ndi mafuko, mafuko, zikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Munalidi โachikhalidwe chamitundumitunduโ, kalekale mawuwa asanakhale odziwika bwino komanso ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse ndikuzunzidwa Kumadzulo.
Panthawi ina munkawoneka kuti mwakonzeka kukhala m'modzi mwa atsogoleri owona a 'dziko lotukuka' (mawu ena omveka bwino, ndithudi, koma mukudziwa bwino zomwe ndikutanthauza).
Kodi chiyembekezo chonsechi chinapita kuti; zasowa bwanji?
Nโchifukwa chiyani mukuonetsa chisoni chonchi tsopano, kusimidwa ndi mantha?
Chifukwa chiyani amuna ndi akazi anu, akumidzi komanso m'mizinda ikuluikulu ngati Nairobi, Mombasa ndi Kisumu, akundiuza kuti palibenso chilichonse chokondwerera?
Nโchifukwa chiyani nyumba za mโmadera akumidzi zikutaya mtima anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amene alibe, nโchifukwa chiyani makampu anu a anthu othawa kwawo akugwirabe anthu masauzande ambiri omwe anataya chilichonse chifukwa cha chiwawa choopsa cha mafuko?
Chifukwa chiyani midzi yanu ili yauve, mizinda yanu ili yowopsa, komanso ntchito zanu zapagulu sizokwanira. Ndipo panthaลตi imodzimodziyo, nchifukwa ninji โolemekezekaโ anu ali odzitukumula ndi odzikonda mosapiririka, ndipo andale anu akulandira malipiro ochuluka kuposa mโmaiko ambiri olemera kwambiri?
Pamene mukukondwerera kubadwa kwanu kwa zaka 50, Kenya, gulu lankhondo lanu lakhala likutenga gawo lalikulu la dziko losowa kwambiri - Somalia, mnansi wanu. Akuti mukuyembekezeredwa kusema malo olemera a mafuta otchedwa Jubaland, ndikuyesera kuti akhale 'odziyimira pawokha', kuti makampani ndi maboma akumadzulo ayambe kulanda dziko linanso lopanda chitetezo.
Zomwe zimandipangitsa kuti ndifunse: ndinu odziyimira pawokha bwanji, Kenya? Ndiwe wodziimira bwanji, kwenikweni? Ndi mabungwe onse anzeru ochokera ku US, Europe ndi Israel, ali ndi maziko pa nthaka yanu, munganene kuti ndinu olamulira pazanu?
Sindine ndekha amene ndikukayikira ngati muli ndi zambiri zoti mukondwere nazo. Ngakhale Purezidenti wanu watsopano - Uhuru Kenyatta - adayimitsa posachedwa mapulani anu onse okondwerera zaka 50, kusankha chikumbutso chabata, chodekha komanso chodzichepetsa chaufulu. Ananena momveka bwino kuti pali zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri kuposa zowombera moto, ma parade ndi ziwonetsero.
Kwa iye ndi kwa ena ambiri, pakali pano, Kenya ikufunika mwachangu maopaleshoni angapo ovuta komanso chithandizo chadzidzidzi. Maluwa a maluwa ndi serenade amatha kudikirira.
***
Pamene ndinali kujambula mu December 2013 ku Kibera slum (yomwe ili ndi anthu pakati pa 300.000 ndi 1 miliyoni tawuni yaikulu kwambiri mu Africa) ndinakwanitsa kulanda sitima yapamtunda yonyamula katundu yomwe imakokedwa ndikukankhidwa ndi masitima awiri olemera a dizilo. Zinali zochititsa chidwi, zodzaza ndi chiyembekezo komanso chiyembekezo - mtundu wina wa African Socialist-realism. Ndi zomwe ndimaganiza.
Patatha masiku atatu, pafupifupi pamalo omwewo, pafupifupi sitima yofananayo inasokonekera, ndipo inagwa mโmbali mwake ndikuphwanya nyumba zambirimbiri. Anthu angapo anafa, ena anavulala, ndipo mazanamazana anaduka madenga pamitu yawo.
Ngozi zonga ngati izi zakhala zikuchitika mosavutikira.
Nditayandikira malo a tsokalo tsiku lina pambuyo pake, panali mazana a anthu osachita kanthu omwe akungoyang'ana, ndipo ogwira ntchito ankhanza a Red Cross aku Kenya sakuchita kalikonse kupatula kuyankhula pamafoni awo ndikukana modzikuza kuyankha mafunso aliwonse. Apolisi ndi asilikali anali atagwira mfuti zawo, osakhazikika. Opulumutsa anthu anali kukhala moyandikana, ngati mpheta, pamwamba pa ngolo zogubuduzika zija. Crane yayikulu idamanga mkono wake waukulu, mwaulesi - munalibe aliyense mkati mwanyumba yake yowongolera.
"Pali anthu pansi pa ngolo, mkati mwa kanyumba kameneka," adatero mayi wina wa m'deralo. "Magulu opulumutsa anthu sakuchita chilichonse kuti awatulutse."
Kodi anthu amenewa anali adakali ndi moyo, kapena imfa? Ndinamufunsa koma sanadziwe.
Kenako ndinamufunsa ngati wakwiya.
โMwakwiya? Chifukwa chiyani?" Sanamvetse funso langa.
Palibe amene amayembekeza kalikonse m'misewu ya Kibera. Ndithudi palibe amene amayembekezera zabwino.
Ndinkayesa kupeza chiwerengero chenicheni cha ozunzidwa, koma palibe amene ankawoneka kuti akudziwa, kapena kusamala.
Ndinapita kumalo osungiramo mitembo apakati, koma kumeneko, akuluakulu a boma โsanaloledweโ kulankhula.
Ndinakhumudwa nditakumana ndi banja lina kusiyana ndi mmodzi wa anthu awo. Mwamuna wamtali anali kulira mokweza, ndiyeno akufuula kuti: โNโchifukwa chiyani mwawonongera moyo wanga? Pamene ankalankhula mtembo, funso lake linali lachiphamaso.
Pamene ndinali kutuluka, mmodzi wa oyangโanira malo osungiramo mitembo anandiyandikira, akumanongโoneza kuti: โTangotaya mitembo 700 kumanda a anthu ambiri. Palibe amene anabwera kudzawatenga, choncho tinalibe chochita. โ
Kodi zimachitika kawirikawiri? Ndidafunsa? "Nthawi zonse", adayankha.
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Zaka 50 pambuyo pa ufulu, anthu ambiri aku Kenya amakhala movutika.
Ngakhale kuti palibe ziลตerengero zodalirika, akukhulupirira kuti pakati pa 70 ndi 80 peresenti ya anthu okhala mโmizinda amakhala mโmalo amene mayiko anganene kuti ndi zisakasa. Ndipo zisakasa kuno nthawi zambiri zimafanana ndi madera ankhondo, zomwe zili ndi ziwerengero zofunika zofanana.
Anthony, wachigawenga wazaka 32, anandilongosolera mโkati mwa malo osakayika a Mathare: โTaonani, ndakalambaโฆ
"Wazaka 32?" Ndinadabwa. Koma kwenikweni anali kuganiza bwino:
"Ndinali ndi anzanga ambiri", adayamba kufotokoza uku akuponya ndi mpeni wake wakupha ku Somalia popanda ziwopsezo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidasiyidwa ndi zipolopolo, kukongoletsa miyendo yake. โNdinali ndi anzanga ambiri koma onse anamwaliraโฆ AnaphedwaโฆNdine ndekha amene ndatsala mโgulu la zigawenga zomwe ndinali nazo poyambaโฆ Ndikuganiza kuti ena 30 mwa iwo anataya, mwinanso kuposaโฆ Panopa ndili ndi mantha. Sindikufuna kufaโฆ Koma ndikumva kuti ndine wokalamba!
Kumudzi sizikuyenda bwino. Mizinda yonse ndi midzi, makamaka yozungulira mzinda wa Kisumu, ilibe anthu chifukwa cha mliri wa Edzi komanso njala.
Zaka zitatu zapitazo ndinapanga filimu yowonetseratu m'chigawo cha Nyanza, kumene m'badwo umodzi wathunthu ukusowa m'midzi ndi matauni: Agogo amakakamizika kulera ana aang'ono ndi makanda, popeza pafupifupi akuluakulu onse a msinkhu wobereka anali atamwalira.
Nkhani zina ku Nyanza ndi zowopsya, zosakhulupirira. Ndinauzidwa za mayi wina wachikulire wosaona amene ankasamalira adzukulu ake aakazi aลตiri aangโono. Usiku wina azibambo akumaloko anathyola mโkhumbi mwake ndipo gulu la achifwamba linagwiririra ana aลตiri amene anali mโmanja mwake. Atsikana anali kukuwa ndi kulira koma aneba adaganiza kuti asalowerere. Ndipo gogoyo adasowa chochita.
Midzi yonse, ngakhale midzi, tsopano ilibe anthu. Ndi malo ozizira, a surreal. Dongosolo lothandizira lachikhalidwe linagwa, m'malo mwa capitalism yankhanza komanso yopanda chifundo.
Ma NGO osawerengeka akunja ndi mabungwe omwe akumva bwino akuyenda kuzungulira dzikolo, akupereka chithandizo chochepa kuti adzilungamitsira kukhalapo kwawo komanso malipiro awo olowa manja komanso zolipirira antchito awo, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosololi silisintha.
Ophunzira aku Kenya sakupanga chilichonse, kupatula maluwa ena odulidwa kuti atumizidwe ku EU. Pali mainjiniya ndi asayansi ochepa kwambiri. Anyamata ndi atsikana ambiri amapita kukaphunzira, ku Kenya ndi kunja, kuti akalowe mโgulu la โantchito achitukukoโ; olembedwa ntchito ndi mabungwe osawerengeka omwe amadzinenera kuti akupereka thandizo, koma kwenikweni akuwonetsetsa kuti dzikoli lisachoke mu njira ya neo-colonial.
A Mwandawiro Mghanga, mtsogoleri wotsutsa komanso Chairperson wa Social Democratic Party of Kenya (SDP) akudzudzula akuluakulu a m'deralo ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma akunja chifukwa cha zovuta zambiri zomwe dziko la Kenya likuvutika nalo:
"Mukudziwa kuti ambiri mwa anthu aluntha omwe anali enieni tsopano atanganidwa ndi mabungwe omwe si aboma ... . Ku Kenya, kulibe zisudzo za ndale zomwe zikuchitika ku mayunivesiteโฆ Kulibe maphunziro apamayunivesiteโฆ Chomwe chatsala ndi chikhalidwe chamantha ndi kusalankhula. M'malo mwake, pambuyo pa 9/11, tikukumana ndi chikhalidwe chenicheni chamantha ndi chete pakati pa alunthaโฆ zidachulukirachulukira, ndikufikira ku media: ngakhale utolankhani - mutha kuwona utolankhani womwe tili nawo panoโฆ ndi zonse. zabodzaโฆ Anthu atolankhani sachita ndi zenizeni; amalimbana ndi zenizeni, monga momwe opereka amawonera, monga momwe opereka amafunira. Si Akenyanso amene akulamulira dziko lino!โ
Zonsezi si chifukwa chosangalalira. Mโmaiko ambiri mkhalidwe woipa wotero ungatsogolere ku chigaลตenga mosavuta, koma osati kuno. Nkhani zabodza komanso mabodza obwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza zinapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala achiwawa kwambiri, koma ogonjera modabwitsa.
Kwa osauka ambiri aku Kenya palibe mpumulo, palibe chithandizo; ndipo kwenikweni palibe chiyembekezo. Ngati olamulira aku Kenya ali bwino pachilichonse, ndiye kuti akugawanitsa ndikusunga zofunkha - momwe angathere kuchokera kwa anthu osauka.
Mโmidzi yonse ya zisakasa kumene ndinajambulako, ndinafunsa ngati anthu ankadziลตa za kupambana kwaposachedwapa kwa magulu a sosholisti ku Latin America. Anthu adandiyang'ana modabwa: samadziwa chilichonse pa zomwe ndikunena.
Koma onse ankadziwa zambiri za zinyalala zopangidwa mochuluka zochokera ku United States ndi ku Ulaya. Ndipo ndithudi iwo ankadziwa za mpira ndi za kuzunzika kwa olemera m'nyumba zapamwamba, zowalitsidwa kwa iwo kuchokera pa wailesi yakanema, kupyolera mumasewero owonetsera sopo.
Kuno, monga ku Indonesia ndi madera ena oipitsitsa komanso omwe adagwa padziko lonse lapansi, lingaliro lazantchito zachitukuko ndi chilungamo silikudziwika.
Koma ku Kenya, kumene masukulu amalephera kuphunzitsa, kuli mipingo masauzande ambiri, makamaka achiprotestanti, okonzeka kuphunzitsa ndi kusunga momwe zinthu zilili. Pali zida zambiri zosokoneza malingaliro achipembedzo, kulanda ndalama kwa alaliki, komanso nkhanza za kugonana kwa ana ndi akazi.
Chilichonse chasokonezeka ndikupotozedwa apa. Ngati pali sitiraka, ndi za malipiro apamwamba, osati zaufulu ndi kusintha kwadongosolo kutengera malingaliro opita patsogolo.
Kwa zaka zambiri, Kenya idaphunzitsidwa ndi Azungu monga mtundu wina wa sitolo ya capitalism ku East Africa. Zimayenera kukhala zonse za West Germany ndi South Korea, kulimbikitsa zofuna za Kumadzulo ndi 'makhalidwe' motsutsana ndi 'kupita patsogolo kwa Socialism' ku Tanzania yoyandikana komanso nthawi ina ku Ethiopia.
Zinalephera kusangalatsa Africa ndi dziko lapansi. Ilo linalephera ngakhale kukopa anthu ake omwe. Koma dongosololi lidapangitsa nzika zambiri zaku Kenya kukhala phlegmatic, kungokhala chete, komanso kusagwira ntchito.
Pamene ndimayendera sukulu ya pulayimale yayikulu kwambiri m'katikati mwa tawuni ya Kibera, wotsatila mfundo zake, Mayi Margaret Otieno, adadzifotokozera kuti anali ngwazi pomenyera maphunziro ndi moyo wa ana ake.
Ndinamvetsa zimene ankatanthauza. Pamene ophunzira ake - Opambana a Kum'mawa kwa Africa mu kulumpha kwa zingwe - anali akuphunzitsidwa pabwalo lalikulu la sukuluyo, zigawenga zakumaloko zinali kusuta mankhwala pafupi, akuwonekera, mopanda nkhawa.
"Anathyola dzenje lalikulu pakhoma", adalongosola Mayi Otieno. โPalibe chimene tingachite nawo. Amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo; ngakhale kusiya majakisoni amagazi paliponseโฆ Tikayitana apolisi kapena asitikali, palibe amene angatithandize. Tinayesa zonse. Ana sangathe ngakhale kupita kuchimbudzi okha - timawatumiza m'magulu."
Koma akadali ndi chiyembekezo:
"Tikuyesera kumanga, kusintha Kenyaโฆ Sukuluyi ndi ya ana, komanso ya amayi omwe akulera okha anaโฆ
Mawindo osweka. Magulu achifwamba ali ponseponse. Koma sukulu imeneyi imayesetsa kukhalabe ndi chiyembekezo.
Kenako ndili mโdera lina lalikulu, lomwe lili kunja kwa mzinda wa Kisumu.
Ndikukhala m'malo odyera ang'onoang'ono, ndi mnzanga Edris Omondi, loya waku Kenya komanso wotsutsa.
Edris ali ndi chiyembekezo mwanzeru:
โUtsogoleri watsopanowu ndi wabwinoโฆ wabwino kwambiri kuposa wakale. Zomwe mukuwona pano ndi zamanyazi kwambiriโฆ Palibe munthu woyenera kukhala m'mikhalidwe yotereโฆ Koma tikukhulupirira kuti tsopano Kenya iyamba kupita patsogoloโฆ Purezidenti (Uhuru Kenyatta) ndi wosiyanaโฆ Ndikuwona kale kusintha kwakukulu: malamulo atsopano akutengedwa mozama, ndipo dongosolo lazamalamulo likukonzedwanso. Zikuwoneka kuti pali chilungamo kwa zonse zomwe zingathekenso ... zikuthekanso. โโฆ
Iye atchula China, ndi kufunitsitsa kwake kuthandizira kulumikiza East ndi Central Africa ndi njanji zabwino ndi misewu yochokera ku Kenya ndi kufalikira ku Ethiopia, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo ndi Uganda.
"Azungu amadana ndi mfundo yakuti China ikuthandizira ife, anthu a ku Africa, ndi zomangamanga ndi chikhalidwe ...
"Koma kusintha sikungapeweke", akumaliza. "Kumadzulo sikungathe kulamulira gawo ili la dziko lapansi, kwamuyaya ..."
Ntchito yomanga njanji yaikulu yatsala pang'ono kuyamba. Koma patangopita masiku awiri nditalankhula ndi Edris, mlandu wina wakatangale ku Kenya wawululidwa, womwe mwina ungachedwetse ntchito yomanga maukonde onse apa Africa.
Kuti ndiwonetse kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka chilungamo ka kanema wanga wa kanema, ndijambula pachipata cha ndende yachitetezo chapamwamba kudera la Industrial Estate.
Mwaulesi ndi modzikuza, msilikali wina akukwawa, akuyandikira kwa ine ndipo mwadzidzidzi akumenya dzanja langa: "Chotsani gehena kuchokera pano", akutero.
Palibe nametag pa yunifolomu yake. Ndikufuna kudziwa dzina lake.
Amayitana wina ndipo posakhalitsa ndikumangidwa ndikukokera mkati mwa ndende, ndi azibambo angapo.
Wapolisi wina dzina lake Ngochi akundionetsa maunyolo achitsulo ndipo anayamba kundiopseza kuti:
"Monga momwe tikukhudzidwira, ndiwe wachigawenga, membala wa al-Shabab, ndipo tidzakuchitirani ndikukufunsani mafunso", amatulutsa kuseka kwachidule.
Ndikumusekanso pamaso pake. โNdani amakulipira iwe bwanawe? Othandizira anu ndi ndani?" Kusonyeza mantha ku Kenya kungakhale kwakupha.
Ndikuponyedwa m'galimoto yoyendetsedwa ndi alonda. Zonse zikuipiraipira. Oyang'anira ndi akulu ndipo amayamba kundigaya pakati pawo. Ndimakhala wodekha.
Pamapeto pake wina, kwinakwake kwa Google, amapeza kuti ndili ndi mabuku oposa khumi omasuliridwa ku zilankhulo za 20, komanso mafilimu osawerengeka pansi pa lamba wanga, ndipo ndimamasulidwa, mwamsanga. Ngati sindikanati nditanthauzidwe kuti ndine โmunthu wamkuluโ, ndikanangosowa.
Akaidi ku Kenya amazunzidwa, kugwiriridwa, kuchititsidwa manyazi.
Ndimakumbukira mawu a Anthony, mnzanga wodziwana ndi zigawenga wa ku Mathare: โNgati ndiwe mwana ndipo uchita upandu wina waungโono nโkukugwira, umapita kundende... Kumeneko, amakugwirira ndi kukupangitsa kukhala โmkaziโ wawo. Alonda ndi alonda akukwapulani, amakuzunzani ... usana ndi usiku. Chifukwa cha kulangizidwaโฆ Ndipo umo ndi momwe umaumitsira moyo, phunzirani ntchito yanu, kukhala chigawenga chenicheni.โ
"Tsiku Labwino Lobadwa, Kenya", ndikuganiza.
Inde, potsirizira pake ndinamasulidwa, ndi chisangalalo chachikulu ndi kupepesa. Mawa lake, mayi wina wa ku Kibera slumns anandiuza momwe zimakhalira, kukhala mzimayi ku Kenya, makamaka mayi yemwe amakhala m'malo ovuta.
Kenako timapita ku "Olympic Primary School" ku Kibera, ine ndi mnzanga Mwandawiro, ndipo nditamufunsa zonse ngakhale ndidamupempha kuti andipatse filimu yanga, adangodzipereka. Alumphira mkati:
"Pali chinanso."
"Ndi chiyani?" Ndimadabwa.
"Chavez", akufuula. "M'dziko lino, zosintha zonse zidzakhala zokongola, mpaka wina ngati Hugo Chavez atafika, ndikuyamba kumenyera dziko lino komanso osauka. Ife tiribe wina wonga iye pano, tsopano. Koma munthu ngati iye ndi yekhayo amene angabweretse kusintha kwenikweni ku Kenya. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, tilibe chilichonse chokondwerera. "
Ndinavomerezana naye. Pamene tikuchoka ku Kibera, ndikuyang'ana mozungulira ndikuzindikira kuti palibe nambala 50 kulikonse, ndipo pali mbendera zochepa za Kenya. Palibe amene akuvina. Ambiri mwa anthu akuyang'ana pansi pamapazi awo, ndi maso achisoni, omwe atsala pang'ono kugwa.
Andre Vltchek ndi wolemba mabuku, wopanga mafilimu komanso mtolankhani wofufuza. Iye wafotokoza za nkhondo ndi mikangano mโmaiko ambiri. Zokambirana zake ndi Noam Chomsky Pa Ugawenga Wakumadzulo tsopano isindikiza. Buku lake lodziwika bwino la ndale Malo Osabwerera tsopano yasinthidwa ndipo ikupezeka. Oceania ndi buku lake lonena za Imperialism Zakumadzulo ku South Pacific. Bukhu lake lokopa lonena za post-Suharto Indonesia komanso mtundu wokhazikika pamsika umatchedwa "Indonesia - The Archipelago of Fearโ. Wangomaliza kumene kupanga documentary, "Rwanda Gambitโ za mbiri yaku Rwanda komanso kulandidwa kwa dziko la DR Congo. Atakhala zaka zambiri ku Latin America ndi Oceania, Vltchek tsopano amakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku East Asia ndi Africa. Iye akhoza kufikiridwa kudzera mwa iye webusaiti kapena ake Twitter.
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