Bill McKibben, woyambitsa gulu lapadziko lonse lakusintha kwanyengo 350.org, ndi m'modzi mwa anthu omwe akutsogolera padziko lonse lapansi pazovuta zakusintha kwanyengo. Mu 2010, a Boston Globe wotchedwa iye "mwinamwake wotsogolera zachilengedwe m'dzikolo." Center for Media and Democracy (CMD) idafunsa McKibben kuti afunse za momwe kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi kulili komanso zomwe 350.org imayika patsogolo. McKibben adzakhala ku Madison, WI kuti alankhule "Fighting Bob Fest" September 15.
CMD: Mwakhala m'modzi mwa mawu otsogola pokana kumangidwa kwa payipi ya Keystone XL. Pomwe chilolezo chodutsa malire a payipi ya Keystone XL chayimitsidwa ndi olamulira a Obama, ntchito yomanga idayambika kumwera kwa mapaipiwo. Kodi omenyera ufulu ayenera kudziwa chiyani za momwe mapaipiwo alili?
McKibben: Kupambana komwe tinapambana chaka chatha chinali chigonjetso chakanthawi. Ndikuganiza kuti kupambana konse kwa chilengedwe ndi kwakanthawi, koma uku kunali kwakanthawi kuposa zambiri. Mitt Romney wanena momveka bwino kuti ngati atapambana pachisankho ntchito yake yoyamba, tsiku lake loyamba paudindo, ikhala kuvomereza payipi ya Keystone XL. Barack Obama sananene mwanjira ina zomwe adzachita, koma zizindikiro sizili zazikulu kwambiri. U.S. State department sanapereke chilichonse chosonyeza kuti imvera mwatsatanetsatane nkhani zanyengo zozungulira mapaipiwo. Icho si chizindikiro chachikulu. Chinthu chomwe tingachite bwino kwambiri pakadali pano ndikuyesa ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kusintha kwanyengo ngati nkhani. Tiyenera kupangitsa Purezidenti Obama kumvetsetsa kuti ngati apambananso, iyi ndi nkhani yake. Munjira zambiri chidzakhala chisankho chachikulu chomwe angapange pankhani yakusintha kwanyengo. Tiona zomwe zidzachitike. Chinthu chimodzi chomwe tinganene motsimikiza ndi chakuti Mitt Romney sangadikire kuti asayine chinthu ichi.
CMD: Chifukwa chiyani Keystone XL ili nkhani yofunika kwambiri yosintha nyengo?
McKibben: Njirayi imadutsa m'madera ovuta kwambiri ndipo imafuna kuti anthu asiye minda ndi mafamu. Anthu abwino ku Texas pakali pano ali nkhondo chovuta kuletsa kumanga mwendo wakumwera womwe ungadutse nyumba zawo ndi minda yawo. M'lingaliro lalikulu, ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa mchenga wa phula ku Canada ndi dziwe lachiwiri lalikulu la carbon padziko lapansi. Monga Jim Hansen ku NASA anati, ngati tingathe kuwotcha mchenga wa phula womwe ungathe kubwezeredwa kumtunda uko, ndiye kuti nyengo yake yatha. Ndi chinthu chachikulu kwambiri. Minda yamafuta ku Saudi Arabia ndiye dziwe lalikulu kwambiri la carbon. Kuwotcha minda yamafuta ku Saudi Arabia kwakweza kutentha kwa dziko lapansi pafupifupi digirii kuposa chinthu china chilichonse padziko lapansi. Izi zimatipatsa chifukwa chabwino choti tisapite kukachitanso.
CMD: Mwakhala mbali ya gulu lokana hydraulic fracturing kapena "kuthamanga." Chifukwa chiyani fracking ndi nkhani yomwe mukuyiyika patsogolo?
McKibben: Fracking ndiyofunikira kwambiri chifukwa ndikupeza njira yatsopano yamagetsi yochokera ku kaboni panthawi yomwe tili ndi zochuluka kuposa momwe asayansi amanenera kuti titha kuwotcha. Podziwa izi, sizomveka kutuluka ndikung'amba kumidzi kufunafuna zina. Mpweya wachilengedwe ndiwowopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa methane panthawi yomwe akuupanga. Methane imeneyo imakhala ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kuŵirikiza ka 23, molekyu pa molekyu imodzi, kuposa ngakhale mpweya woipa umene timadetsa nkhaŵa nawo kwambiri. Kuwotcha gasi wotchipa ameneyu kukuwoneka kuti kukuchotsa mphamvu zambiri zongowonjezereka, kuposa momwe zimasinthira malasha. Zotsatira zake zikuwoneka kuti, ngati zili choncho, zimapangitsa kusintha kwanyengo kukhala koipitsitsa kuposa kale.
Ndidzakhala ku Philadelphia pa 20 pa "Shale Gas Outrage." Pennsylvania ikumenyedwa kwambiri kuposa malo ena aliwonse, mwina padziko lonse lapansi, ndi fracking. Iwo akhala nazo zokwanira. Iwo anthu kumeneko ali okonzeka kwenikweni kukagwira ntchito.
CMD: Mwabwera posachedwa Zolembedwa za momwe nyengo yoipitsitsa yomwe takhala tikukumana nayo - mafunde a kutentha, moto wolusa, kusefukira kwa madzi ndi chilala - tsopano ndi "zachilendo" chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dziko. Kodi mukuganiza kuti zochitika zanyengo zaposachedwapa zakulitsa chidziwitso chokhudza kusintha kwanyengo?
McKibben: ndikutero. Zomwe zavotera zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu aku America omwe akhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwanyengo chakwera kwambiri mchaka chathachi. Tsopano ndi 72 peresenti ya anthu. M’lingaliro lina, kodi zikanatheka bwanji? Zomwe mumayenera kuchita ndikutulutsa mphuno yanu pachitseko chachilimwechi kuti mumve kuti dziko likusintha mwachangu kwambiri. Sindikudabwa konse kuti anthu ayamba chibwenzi. Kuchita zambiri nthawi zonse kumawonjezera mwayi wazochitika zenizeni.
Tikukonzekera kuyambitsa kampeni yayikulu kwambiri yochotsa mabungwe ngati makoleji kuti achotse katundu wawo m'makampani opangira mafuta. Makampaniwa ndi owopsa; iwo ndi amphamvu amphamvu. Iwo apereka mpweya wochuluka kuposa momwe mpweya ungatengere, choncho tiyenera kuwaletsa. Imeneyo ikhala ntchito yovuta, koma ndikuganiza kuti tingathe.
CMD: Kodi mukuganiza kuti chifukwa chiyani pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa kusamvera anthu komanso kufunikira kochitapo kanthu mwachindunji pakupita patsogolo kwa kayendetsedwe ka chilengedwe?
McKibben: Ndikuganiza kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri. Tidakonza chilimwe chatha kuzungulira payipi ya Keystone XL yomwe idakhala yaikulu kusamvera boma m'zaka 30 mdziko muno ndi anthu 1,253 omwe adamangidwa. Ndine wosangalala kwambiri kuona kuti zochita zamtunduwu zafalikira. Panali anthu omwe anali kuchita izi zisanachitike - anthu ochotsa pamwamba pa phiri, ngwazi ngati Tim DeChristopher. Lingaliro limeneli lafalikira ndipo ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri.
CMD: Kodi munganene bwanji momwe Purezidenti amagwirira ntchito pa chilengedwe? Kodi utsogoleriwu ukufananiza bwanji ndi kayendetsedwe ka Bush?
McKibben: Iye ali bwino pa chilengedwe kuposa ulamuliro Bush. Koma ndiye mukudziwa, ndamwa mowa wambiri kuposa mwana wa mphwanga wazaka 14. Ilo silinali malo okwera kwambiri kukhalamo. Boma la Obama lakhala losakanikirana kwambiri pazachilengedwe komanso zamphamvu ndipo zakhala zamanyazi kuwona mphamvu zomwe makampani opangira mafuta opangira mafuta akhala akugwiritsa ntchito paulamulirowu. Ndikuganiza kuti funso lofunikira pakadali pano ndi momwe iwo angakhalire motsutsana ndi oyang'anira a Romney, ndipo zinali zachisoni kuwona Mitt Romney. kuseka lingaliro lenilenilo lakuti wina angayese kuthandizira thanzi la dziko lapansi m'nkhani yake ya msonkhano. Ngakhale titasankhanso Obama, ndikuganiza kuti uthenga wodziwikiratu ndikuti sitingakhale pansi ndikudikirira kuti achite zoyenera. Tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu kwa iye komanso kwa mabungwe m'zaka zikubwerazi chifukwa sangachite zoyenera paokha. Ndinganene kuti izi zikuwonekera bwino pakali pano.
Ndikuganiza kuti kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kadzasintha ngati tipanga mayendedwe kuti tisinthe. Andale, muyenera kuwakakamiza kuti achite zomwe akuyenera kuchita. Tiye tiyembekeze kuti tikhoza kumangirira chitsenderezo chimenecho.
CMD: 350.org ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi. Kodi mungalankhule za mayendedwe odalirika kunja kukalimbana ndi kusintha kwanyengo?
McKibben: Pali mayendedwe abwino ambiri omwe akuchitika padziko lonse lapansi. Tikulimbana ndi chomera chachikulu cha malasha ku Kosovo; fracking in South Africa. Anthu ku Europe konse akugwira ntchito pazinthu izi. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona. Kufunitsitsa kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi kupitiriza nkhondoyi ndizomwe zimandilimbikitsa. Makamaka kufunitsitsa kwa anthu m'malo omwe sanachite chilichonse choyambitsa vutoli. Malingana ngati ali okonzeka kumenyana, ndimaona ngati ndilibe chochita koma kulimbana nawo.
McKibben adzakhala ku Madison, WI September 15, chifukwa "Kulimbana ndi Bob Fest." Chochitika chapachakachi chikugwirizana ndi mwambo wa Robert "Fighting Bob" La Follette waku Wisconsin popereka bwalo lamalingaliro opita patsogolo. ALEC Kuwululidwa polojekiti.
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