Akatswiri azachuma apeza kuti chikondi chikuchepa kwambiri. Pazochitika zamakono, zikuyembekezeka kugwa ndi ยฃ 1.78 pa ola limodzi pakati pa 2030 ndi 0.36. Mtengo wa mwayi wa kupsompsonana watsika ndi ยฃ 1988 kuyambira 2050. Pofika 56.13 mtengo wamakono wa usiku pansi pa nyenyezi ukhoza kukhala unali XNUMX โฌ. Iwo akuchenjeza kuti kuchepa kwa mtengo weniweni wa chikondi kumeneku kungawononge kwambiri chuma.
Palibe chomwe chiri chowona, koma sichili patali. Chikondi ndi chimodzi mwamadalitso ochepa chabe achilengedwe omwe sanawonongedwebe ndi kugulitsidwa. Iwo mwina akugwira ntchito pa izo tsopano.
Pansi pa boma lomaliza, dipatimenti ya Transport idalengeza kuti idapeza "mtengo weniweni wa nthawi". Nayi chiganizo cha surreal chomwe bombali linagwetsedwa: "Kukula kwanyengo pamtengo weniweni wa nthawi kukuwonetsedwa mu Table 3." (1) Sabata yatha Dipatimenti Yoona Zachilengedwe idalengeza zotsatira za National Ecosystem Assessment, ntchito yayikulu yokhudzana ndi 500. akatswiri. Limatiuza kuti kuunikaku kumatsimikizira โphindu lenileni la chilengedwe โฆ kwa nthawi yoyamba.โ (2) Ngati mumaganiza kuti phindu lenileni la chilengedwe ndi kudabwitsa kwake komanso kusangalatsa kwa chilengedwe, mukulakwitsa. Zikuoneka kuti ndi chithunzi chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha mapaundi kutsogolo. Chotsalira ndi chakuti Ofesi ya Cabinet itiuze za mtengo weniweni wa chikondi ndi mtengo wa anthu, ndipo tidzakhala ndi chiwerengero chimodzi cha tanthauzo la moyo.
Boma silinapangebe nambala imodzi ya "mtengo weniweni wa chilengedwe", koma asayansi ake adawononga zina mwazinthu zomwe tsiku lina zidzathandiza kuti kaphatikizidwe kamatsenga kameneka kakwaniritsidwe. Kuwunika kwatulutsa ziwerengero, mwachitsanzo, zamtengo wapatali wa malo obiriwira ku moyo waumunthu. Ngati tiwasamalira bwino, mapaki athu ndi masamba athu adzakulitsa thanzi lathu mpaka kufika pa ยฃ290 panyumba pa chaka mu 2060(3).
Kodi amawerengera bwanji mfundo zimenezi? Lipotilo likutiuza kuti "ntchito za chilengedwe" zomwe amaziwona zikuphatikizapo "zosangalatsa, thanzi ndi chitonthozo", ndi malo achilengedwe "momwe chikhalidwe chathu chimayambira ndi malo ake" (4). Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pogula "mtengo wogawana nawo". Ubwino wogawana nawo umabwera chifukwa chokhala ndi "lingaliro la cholinga", komanso "kutha kukwaniritsa zolinga zaumwini ndi kutenga nawo mbali pagulu." Zimalimbikitsidwa ndi โmaubwenzi ochirikizaโ ndi โmagulu amphamvu ndi ophatikizana.โ (5) Izi ndi zina mwa mapindu amene akatswiri amati amawononga.
Zochitazo ndi zolinga zabwino. Bungwe loyangโanira zachilengedwe moyenerera linanena kuti amalonda ndi andale amanyalanyaza zinthu zimene zingawononge zinthu zachilengedwe ndiponso moyo wa anthu popanda ndalama zambiri. Chimafuna kuthetsa kusamala kumeneku mwa kusonyeza kuti โpali zifukwa zenizeni zachuma zosamalira chilengedwe.โ (6) Koma pali mavuto aakulu aลตiri.
Choyamba ndi chakuti kuwunika kumeneku ndi zopanda pake, kuchotseratu gobbledegook koyera, kuvala chinenero chodziwikiratu ndi kulingalira, koma kufotokoza mitengo ku mayankho amalingaliro: mitengo, yomwe, pa chinenero chapamwamba cha falutin 'imagwiritsa ntchito, ikhoza kukhala yosasinthasintha. . Yapangidwa ndi anthu omwe amadzimva kuti ali otetezeka ndi manambala okha, omwe amayenera kukokera dziko lonse kumalo awo otonthoza kuti amve kuti ali ndi mphamvu. Zithunzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunikaku zikuwonetsa: zikuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa anthu ndi chilengedwe ngati zingwe zolumikizirana (7). Ndi chenjezo lodziwikiratu monga momwe tingatengere kuti uku ndi kuyesa koseketsa kukakamiza chilengedwe ndi malingaliro amunthu kukhala masomphenya ozungulira, amakanika.
Vuto lachiwiri ndi loti limapereka chilengedwe mโmanja mwa anthu amene angachiwononge. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za kafukufuku wokonzekera mgodi wa malasha. Zopindulitsa zapagulu zomwe zimachokera ku nkhalango ndi madambo zomwe zidzawononge zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ยฃ 1m pachaka. Ndalama zotsegula mgodiwo zidzakhala ยฃ10m pachaka. Palibe mkangano winanso womwe uyenera kuperekedwa. Woyimira milandu wa mgodi wa malasha, akupereka ziwerengerozi pafunsoli, ali ndi vuto losatheka: zotsutsa za anthu zayankhidwa kale ndi ndondomeko ya mitengo; palibenso china chokambirana. Mukasintha chilengedwe kukhala ntchito yowerengera ndalama, kuwonongeka kwake kumatha kulungamitsidwa pomwe bizinesiyo ituluka bwino. Nthawi zonse zimatuluka bwino.
Kusanthula mtengo wa phindu kumayendetsedwa mwadongosolo mokomera bizinesi. Mwachitsanzo, lingalirani za njira yopangira zisankho za zomangamanga. Boma lomaliza lidapanga njira yowunikira yomwe idatsimikizira kuti misewu, njanji ndi njanji zatsopano zidzamangidwa, mosasamala kanthu za kuwonongeka komwe angachite kapena phindu lochepa lomwe angapereke(8). Njirayi imawononga nthawi ya anthu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mtengowu kuti apange phindu lachitukuko. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, akuti mtengo wamsika wa ola lomwe mukuyenda pa taxi ndi ยฃ45, koma mtengo wa ola lomwe mukuyenda panjinga ndi ยฃ17 chabe, chifukwa okwera njinga amakhala osauka kuposa okwera taxi(9).
Malingaliro ake ndi osamveka konse. Mwachitsanzo, apaulendo amaonedwa kuti amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse zosungidwa ndi ulalo watsopano wa njanji yothamanga kuti akafike kuntchito kale, m'malo mokhala kutali. Apaulendo olemera a sitima zapamtunda akuyembekezeredwa kuti asagwire ntchito iliyonse yothandiza m'sitima, koma kugwedeza zala zazikulu ndikuyang'ana kunja kwawindo paulendo wonsewo. Dongosolo lamtengo wapatalili likufotokoza chifukwa chake maboma otsatizana amafuna kuyika ndalama panjanji zothamanga kwambiri m'malo mozungulira misewu yozungulira, komanso chifukwa chake misewu yama mabiliyoni ambiri yomwe imadula mphindi ziwiri kuchokera paulendo wanu imatengedwa kuti ikupereka mtengo wandalama(10). Palibe mwa izi zomwe zidachitika mwangozi: maboma omwe amapeza phindu lamtengo wapatali amagwiritsa ntchito chidwi chachikulu kuchokera kwa olimbikitsa mabizinesi. Ogwira ntchito m'boma omwe ali ndi diso la utsogoleri wopindulitsa pantchito yawo yopuma pantchito amawonetsetsa kuti zisankho zikuphwanyidwa mokomera chitukuko mopitilira muyeso.
Awa ndi makina omwe chilengedwe chiyenera kudyetsedwa. National Ecosystem Assessment imapereka biosphere pa mbale kumakampani omanga.
Ndiko kupambana kotsimikizirika kwa neoliberal: kupanga ndalama ndi kutsatsa zachilengedwe, kuchepetsedwa kwake kukhala chinthu chogulitsidwa. Mukangopereka ku gawo la kukhathamiritsa kwa Pareto ndi chipukuta misozi cha Kaldor-Hicks, chilichonse chikufunika. Zidole zokhala ndi zolinga zabwino izi, anzawo a ku Grand Academy of Lagado omwe adapanga kafukufuku waboma, aphwanya chilengedwe kukhala chiwerengero chambiri. Tsopano ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi ndalama.
Zothandizira:
1. Dipatimenti Yoyendetsa, April 2009. Makhalidwe a Nthawi ndi Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito, TAG Unit 3.5.6. http://www.dft.gov.uk/webtag/documents/expert/unit3.5.6.php
2. http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/2011/06/02/hidden-value-of-nature-revealed/
3. UK National Ecosystem Assessment, June 2011. Lipoti laukadaulo, Mutu 26, Table 26.21
http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/Resources/tabid/82/Default.aspx
4. UK National Ecosystem Assessment, June 2011. Kaphatikizidwe kazofukufuku waukulu. http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/Resources/tabid/82/Default.aspx
5. Monga pamwamba.
6. http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/2011/06/02/hidden-value-of-nature-revealed/
7. http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/
8. Njira Yatsopano Yoyendera Mayendedwe. Onani http://www.dft.gov.uk/webtag/overview/appraisal.php
9. Dipatimenti Yoyendetsa, April 2009. Makhalidwe a Nthawi ndi Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito, TAG Unit 3.5.6. http://www.dft.gov.uk/webtag/documents/expert/unit3.5.6.php
10. Onani Keith Buchan, Febuluwale 2008 kuti muwunikenso mwamphamvu njira imeneyi. Kupanga zisankho zamayendedwe okhazikika. Green Alliance. http://www.green-alliance.org.uk/grea_p.aspx?id=2670
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