Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri powonera misonkhano ya Republican ndi Democratic ndikuti ichi chikhoza kukhala chisankho choyamba cha dziko lonse momwe ovota akuwuzidwa ndi zipani zonse kuti asavotere woimira wawo koma kuvota motsutsana ndi mdani wawo. Nkhani yoyipayi sizodabwitsa, chifukwa pulogalamu yazachuma ya Romney idasinthidwanso kwambiri ndi mfundo za Reagan-George W. Bush zomwe zidatipatsa kuwonongeka kwachuma mu 2008-09, pomwe malingaliro azachuma a Obama amasinthidwanso mawu kuchokera ku kampeni yake ya 2008 kapena adalonjeza kupitiliza kwa mapologalamu ake atatu azachuma kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2012 omwe adabweretsa kuchepa kwachuma komanso kusokonekera kwambiri pazachuma 11 pambuyo pa 1947 ku US Ovota atsala ndi chisankho chosankhanso Bush III (Romney) kapena kuthandizira Obama. kusiya-kupita, kufooka kwa ndondomeko zobwezeretsa chuma zaka zinayi zapitazi zomwe:
- adapanga mbiri yamabizinesi
- kuchulukitsa kuwirikiza kawiri kwa ogulitsa katundu ndi ma bond
- adakweza ndalama m'mabanja olemera kwambiri 10 peresenti pomwe tonsefe tikukhala ndi kutsika kwa ndalama zomwe zingatayike
- Anthu opitilira 23 miliyoni adasiyabe ntchito, oposa 12 miliyoni adalandidwa ndi eni nyumba 10 miliyoni mu "kusagwirizana"
- anali ndi chiลตerengero chambiri cha anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito masitampu a chakudya
- kuchepetsedwa kwachuma (chuma cha nyumba zofalitsa nkhani ku US ndi 47 peresenti
Njira ina ya Romney imakhala mabiliyoni ambiri a madola pakuchepetsa misonkho kwamakampani komanso olemera kwambiri 1 peresenti - zonse zolipiridwa ndi tonsefe ndi Medicaid, voucherization of Medicare, chitetezo chamagulu awiri pomwe anthu ochepera zaka 50. perekani ndalama kwa omwe apuma pantchito, ndikuchotsanso misonkho yapakati kuti muchepetse misonkho yamabizinesi ndi osunga ndalama kuchokera pa 35 peresenti mpaka 25 peresenti.
Maphwando onse ndi ofuna kusankha tsopano akulengeza kuti chisankhochi chidzatanthauza kusankha njira ziwiri zosiyana kwa zaka-mwinamwake zaka makumi-zomwe zibwere ponena za ntchito, misonkho, zoperewera, nyumba, maboma ndi maboma, ndi zizindikiro zina zachuma. Kuyang'ana mozama kukuwonetsa kuti ngakhale pali kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa osankhidwa awiriwa pankhani zachuma, kufananaku kuli kochititsa chidwi komanso kosokoneza.
Obama - ntchito
Obama adalonjeza kuti apanga ntchito 6 miliyoni ngati ndalama zake zolimbikitsira $ 787 biliyoni (makamaka bizinesi) zochepetsera misonkho ndi ndalama zothandizira kumayiko ndi osagwira ntchito. Koma pambuyo pa miyezi 18, palibe kuchepetsedwa kwa msonkho kapena ndalama zothandizira ndalama zomwe zinayambitsa ntchito yabwino. Pakati pa Juni 2009, pomwe kugwa kwachuma kudalengezedwa mwalamulo, ndipo miyezi 18 pambuyo pake mu Disembala 2010, ntchito zina zokwana 1.1 miliyoni zamakampani wamba zidatayika. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2010 Purezidenti adayenera kunena kuti adapulumutsa mamiliyoni ambiri a ntchito. Ndi zotsatira za chilimbikitso cha $ 787 biliyoni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, njira yake yopangira ntchito idasintha pakati pa 2010. Pulogalamu yachiwiri yobwezeretsa yomwe idaperekedwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2010 idapangidwa ndi $ 800 biliyoni pakuchepetsa msonkho - kuphatikiza $ 450 biliyoni pakuchepetsa misonkho ya Bush yomwe Obama adalonjeza mu 2008 kuti sangachite.
Izi zokwana $800 biliyoni pakuchepetsa misonkho zidawonjezedwa ndi ndondomeko yatsopano yoyang'ana pakupanga ndi kulimbikitsa zogulitsa kunja monga pulogalamu yayikulu yopangira ntchito. Akuluakulu amakampani osiyanasiyana monga a General Electric a Jeff Immelt, adayikidwa kuti aziyang'anira pulogalamuyi yolenga ntchito. Izi zikutanthawuza mapangano ochulukirachulukira amalonda aulere, kuchotsera malamulo ochulukirapo abizinesi, ndi thandizo lochulukirapo lamakampani otumiza kunja aku US.
Mu 2011, makumi mabiliyoni enanso adaperekedwa kuti mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono alembe ntchito anthu osagwira ntchito komanso/kapena pulogalamu ya JOBS (Jump Start Our Business Startups). NTCHITO sizinali kanthu koma chivundikiro cha misonkho yambiri komanso kuchotsedwa kwachuma kwamakampani oyambitsa, koma Obama adayamika ngati "kusintha masewera" pantchito. Thandizo lochulukirapo kumayiko lolemba ntchito aphunzitsi ndi oyankha mwadzidzidzi, omwe tsopano achotsedwa ntchito masauzande mazana, adaperekedwanso koma sanadutse Congress. Mapulogalamu a ntchito a Obama m'miyezi 42 yapitayi ndi awa:
- Kuchepetsanso misonkho kumabizinesi
- Ndondomeko zopangira zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mapangano amalonda aulere, ndalama zambiri zopangira zinthu zogulitsa kunja, komanso kuchotsedwa kwabizinesi.
- Ndalama zambiri zoperekedwa ku mayiko kuti azilemba ntchito aphunzitsi ndi ogwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi
Mapulogalamu awa atsimikizira kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu. Pambuyo pa $3 thililiyoni pakuchepetsa misonkho ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe aboma kwakwera ndi 2 miliyoni zokha, kapena pafupifupi 50,500 pamwezi, zosakwana theka lomwe limafunikira kungotengera anthu omwe angoyamba kumene kugwira ntchito. Ulova wathunthu, monga momwe dipatimenti yazantchito ya U-6 ikuyerekeza, yatsika kuchoka pa 24.6 miliyoni mu June 2009 kufika pa 23.3 miliyoni mu July 2012. Pakati pa June 2009 ndi July 2012 ntchito zopangira 200,000 zinapangidwa, pa avareji ya 5,000 pamwezi. . Kubwezeretsanso kwamphamvu kwa Obama pamakampani opanga magalimoto kwatulutsa ntchito zamagalimoto 157,000, zomwe zikadali zochepera 180,000 kuposa zomwe zidalipo chiyambireni kugwa kwachuma mu Disembala 2007.
Ngakhale mbiri yochititsa manyaziyi, a Obama, m'mawu ake amsonkhano wa Seputembala 6, adawonetsa kuti "akhalabe panjira" ndikuchepetsa misonkho yamabizinesi, kuphatikiza kukwezeleza kupanga, komanso malonda aulere monga njira yake yopezera ntchito. Iye ananena momveka bwino kuti njira ya nthawi yake yachiwiri idzakhala โkutumiza katundu wambiri kunjaโ komanso kuti apitirizabe kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi atsogoleri abizinesi โkuti akhazikitse ntchito zina miliyoni imodzi mโzaka zinayi zikubwerazi.โ Adalengezanso monyadira kuti adasaina mapangano amalonda aulere kuti "abweze ntchito" ndipo adalengeza kuti asayinanso zochulukira - kufotokoza momveka bwino za lingaliro lake lopanga Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), mgwirizano wamalonda waulere ndi mayiko a pacific rim, cholinga champhamvu kwambiri kuposa Free Trade of the Americas ya George W. Bushโmalo amalonda aulere kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa America konse.
Romney - Ntchito
Malingaliro a Romney pa momwe angapangire ntchito amayang'ana kwambiri pakuchepetsa misonkho ngati njira yoyamba. Romney akuganiza zopanga ntchito 12 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2017. Injini yoyamba ikhala ikulitsa ndalama zonse zokwana $3.4 triliyoni pamisonkho ya Bush mzaka khumi zapitazi kwazaka khumi zapitazi (kuchotsa kuchepetsedwa kwa mabanja omwe amalandira ndalama zosakwana $40,000 pachaka; Obama awonjezera Kudula msonkho kwa Bush kwa onse koma mabanja apamwamba 3 peresenti). Chifukwa chake Obama amadula gawo lalikulu la mabanja, pomwe Romney amadula magawo apansi a mabanja. Onse amathandizira, komabe, kuchepetsa msonkho wapamwamba wamakampani.
Kuti apange ntchito za 12 miliyoni, komabe, Romney akufuna zambiri kuposa kungowonjezera kudula kwa Bush: akufuna kuti achepetse misonkho yowonjezereka kwa mabungwe (monga momwe Obama amachitira), kuchepetsa malamulo abizinesi ndi mapangano amalonda aulere (ditto Obama), koma akuwonjezera zina. kubowola mafuta ndi kuphunzitsidwanso kwa ma token monga chowonjezera pa pulogalamu yake ya ntchito. Komabe, cholinga cha Romney cha ntchito 12 miliyoni ndichabodza. Zili ngati kupanga ntchito 180,000 pamwezi pa avareji - mwachitsanzo 50,000 kuposa zomwe zimafunikira kwa omwe ayamba kumene kugwira ntchito mwezi uliwonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuchepetsa 23 miliyoni omwe alibe ntchito ndi 50,000 pamwezi, zomwe zingasiyire 20 miliyoni osagwira ntchito pofika chaka cha 2017. Choncho, pulogalamu ya Romney si pulogalamu yothetsera vuto lalikulu lopanda ntchito masiku ano-kupatulapo funso loti kuchepetsa msonkho wamalonda. , malonda aulere, ndalama zothandizira mafuta, ndi zina zotero zidzapanganso ntchito 12 miliyoni poyambirira.
Mwachidule, ubale wapakati pa mapulogalamu opanga ntchito ndi kudula misonkho yamabizinesi ndi nkhani ya digiri pakati pa omwe akufuna kukhala pulezidenti. Romney amalimbikitsa Bush kuchepetsa msonkho pa ma steroids kuti apange ntchito, pamene Obama amamasula 3 peresenti yapamwamba. Onse amalimbikitsa malonda aulere ndi kuchotsedwa kwabizinesi ngati njira zopezera ntchito. Obama akupereka ndalama zothandizira mayiko kuti azilemba ntchito aphunzitsi ndi ozimitsa moto, pamene Romney sakutero ndipo akufuna kukonzanso ntchito. Romney akufunabe kuchepetsedwa kowonjezereka ndi thandizo kumakampani amafuta; Obama sanatero. Onsewa amathandizira zopereka zingapo kumabizinesi ang'onoang'ono. Koma mapologalamu onsewa akhala akulephera mpaka pano, kotero kuti omwe alibe ntchito sangayembekezere kuchokera kwa aliyense amene asankhidwa.
Obama - Misonkho
Monga tanena kale, a Obama akufuna kuti asiye kuchepetsa msonkho wa Bush kwa olemera 3 peresenti. Misonkho yapamwamba kwambiri ya anthu pawokha idzaloledwa kukwera kuchokera pa 35 peresenti kufika pa 39.6 peresenti ya zaka za Clinton, zomwe zidzakhudza mabanja olemera kwambiri omwe amapeza ndalama zoposa $ 250,000 pachaka. Misonkho ya 1 peresenti ya olemera kwambiri (opeza ndalama zoposa $600,000 pachaka) ingakweze $93,000 pachaka. (Kwa mamilionea kukwera kwa msonkho kwa $296,000 pachaka). Misonkho yopeza ndalama, yomwe tsopano ili ndi 15 peresenti yokha, ikweranso mpaka 20 peresenti pansi pa malingaliro a Obama. Misonkho yamakampani amafuta ndi gasi ikachepetsedwa.
Koma zomwe Obama akufuna kuti achotse msonkho wapamwamba wa msonkho waumwini, akufuna kuti apereke ku mabungwe awo, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa msonkho wapamwamba wamakampani kuchokera pa 35 peresenti kufika pa 28 peresenti yomwe inali pansi pa Reagan. Kusinthaku kukuperekedwa ngakhale kuti mu 2011 misonkho yamakampani idangokwana 12.1 peresenti ya phindu - poyerekeza ndi nthawi ya 1987-2008 pomwe misonkho yamakampani idapeza 25.6 peresenti ya phindu. Kwa mabizinesi onse - amakampani ndi omwe si akampani - kutsika kwamtengo wapatali kwa bonasi kwazaka ziwiri zapitazi - momwe mabizinesi atha kuyimitsa mtengo wamabizinesi onse mchaka choyamba chogula - ipitilizidwanso ngakhale idawononga $55. biliyoni pachaka.
Obama amakonderanso kuchepetsa misonkho pamapindu amakampani aku US akumayiko akunyanja, ngakhale gululi likusunga $1.4 thililiyoni m'mabungwe awo akunyanja ndipo akukana kulipira misonkho yaku US. Posinthana ndi kuchepetsa msonkho uku, a Obama akufuna kukweza misonkho m'njira yosadziwikabe kwa anthu amitundumitundu omwe ali ndi ntchito zakunyanja.
Romney - Misonkho
Dongosolo lamisonkho la Romney ndi mtundu wopitilira muyeso wa Obama koma wofanana ndi zambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kukulitsa misonkho yonse ya Bush pazaka khumi zapitazi kwazaka zina khumi - zomwe zingawononge US Treasury ina $4.6 thililiyoni, malinga ndi bungwe lofufuza la Congressional Budget Office-Romney akulingaliranso izi:
- Yesetsani kuchepetsa msonkho wa anthu olemera kuposa Bush, ndi 20 peresenti kudera lonselo
- Chepetsani msonkho wapamwamba wamakampani kuchokera pa 35 peresenti mpaka 25 peresenti (poyerekeza ndi 28 peresenti ya Obama)
- Yambitsani msonkho wamalo kumabungwe amayiko aku US, zomwe zingathetse msonkho waposachedwa wa phindu lomwe amalipira (kapena, kwenikweni, akukana kulipira)
- Chotsani Medicare 2.9 peresenti yowonjezera msonkho kwa olemera omwe ali mu Obama's 2010 Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) pochotsa lamulo lonse.
- Lolani ndalama zamisonkho za omwe amalandira ndalama zosakwana $40,000 pachaka kuti zithe (mwachitsanzo, ndalama zomwe amapeza, chisamaliro cha ana, ndi zina zamisonkho)
- Malizitsani misonkho yonse pazopindula zazikulu, zogawanika, ndi chiwongola dzanja cha mabanja omwe amalandira ndalama zosakwana $200,000 pachaka.
- Sungani ndalama zomwe mumapeza, zopindula, ndi chiwongola dzanja chomwe chilipo pa 15 peresenti yapano
- Kuchepetsa misonkho kwakukulu pakufufuza ndi chitukuko cha bizinesi
- Malizitsani Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) palimodzi, zomwe zimakhudza omwe amapeza pafupifupi $150,000 pachaka kapena kupitilira apo.
- Malizitsani Msonkho wa Malo onse
Mwachidule, kupatula maudindo awo pakukulitsa misonkho ya Bush, onse a Obama ndi Romney ali mumgwirizano wokhazikitsa zochepetsera misonkho yamabizinesi, ngakhale mabungwe masiku ano amalipira misonkho yaying'ono kwambiri kuchokera ku phindu pazaka makumi angapo, tsopano basi. 12.1 peresenti poyerekeza ndi 25.7 peresenti pakati pa 1987 ndi 2008. Onsewa ali ndi ndondomeko, komanso, kuti apereke mabungwe amitundu yambiri ndalama zambiri zamisonkho. Romney amasiyana poganiza zopatsa mabanja apamwamba chilimbikitso chokulirapo kuti agulitse masheya, ma bond, ndi ziwongola dzanja zina zokhala ndi chiwongola dzanja - chothandizira kwambiri kwa mabwenzi ake amsika. Akufunanso kupatsa olemera mabonasi amisonkho pothetsa Estate, Alternative Minimum, ndi msonkho womwe ukubwera wa Medicare 2.9%. Onsewa akuganiza zochepetsera misonkho zambiri zomwe sizingachepetse kuchepa kwa bajeti ya US pazaka khumi zikubwerazi, koma kupangitsa kuti izi ziipire -zoyipa kwambiri pankhani ya Romney.
Obama - Zosowa za Bajeti
Mfundo ya Obama pa nkhani ya kusokonekera kwa US ndi lonjezo lake lochepetsa kuchepa kwa $ 4 thililiyoni pazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Izi zakhala cholinga cha Obama chomwe chinanenedwa kuyambira pamene 2011 idasokonekera, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto la ngongole ya August 2011. Cholinga cha $ 4 thililiyoni, kuwonjezera apo, ndi chofanana ndi chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi Deficit Commission (Simpson-Bowles), komanso Paul Ryan. mu Nyumba ya Oyimilira, ndi ena osiyanasiyana a Senate ndi akuluakulu aboma akale. Tsatanetsatane wa ndondomeko yochepetsera Purezidenti ikupezeka mu bajeti yake ya 2012. Mwina ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti bajeti ya Obama ikuphatikiza ndalama zokwana madola 5.8 thililiyoni pakugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo pazaka khumi, 23 peresenti yayikulu, pafupifupi pachaka, kuposa ndalama zodzitetezera m'zaka za Bush.
Bungwe la Congressional Budget Office (CBO) lapereka kuyerekezera kosiyana kwa kuchepa kwa bajeti kwa Obama pazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Poganizira za kuchepa kwa misonkho komanso momwe ndalama zikugwiritsidwira ntchito, CBO ikuyerekeza kuti zoperewera za Obama zidzakhala $ 6.4 thililiyoni kuyambira 2013-2022. Mu Januwale 2013, ndalama za boma zidzatsika ndi $ 1.2 thililiyoni pazaka khumi zikubwerazi, kutengera mgwirizano wapakati pa ngongole womwe Obama ndi Republican House of Representatives adagwirizana mu August 2011. Kukweza ngongoleyi idzakhalanso nkhani yaikulu kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2013. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa msonkho ndi / kapena kuchepetsa ndalama zowonjezera kudzakhala pa ndondomeko mwamsanga pambuyo pa chisankho cha November-mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi ndani amene asankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti. Kukakamira kwa Republican kuti kusawonjezedwe msonkho komanso kukweza ndalama zodzitchinjiriza zokwera kuposa momwe amayembekezeredwa ndi lamulo kapena bajeti ya Obama, zidzatanthauza kusamvana pakati pa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa ndalama ndi kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu, kuphatikizapo Medicaid, koma Medicare, maphunziro, Social. Security, ndi mapulogalamu ena discretionary ndalama. Monga momwe wolembayu wakhala akulosera, kulimbana kudzayamba nthawi yomweyo, m'masiku ochepa, chisankho chikubwera cha November 2012-kachiwiri, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndani adzasankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti.
Romney - Kuperewera kwa Bajeti
Zowopsa monga kulimbana kwa kuchepa kwa bajeti komwe kukubwera kudzakhala ndi bajeti ya Obama monga poyambira, malingaliro a Romney-kupereลตera kwa bajeti akuyimira vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Malingaliro odula misonkho a Romney akuphatikizapo zinthu zazikuluzikulu za kupitiliza kuchepetsa msonkho wa Bush kwa zaka khumi zina, pamtengo wa $ 4.6 thililiyoni, kuphatikiza ma thililiyoni ochulukirapo pakuchepetsa misonkho yamabizinesi. Zotsatira zake ndi zoperewera kwa zaka khumi zikubwerazi zofanana ndi pafupifupi $10 thililiyoni. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lalikululi, Romney akufuna kuchepetsa ndalama za federal kuchokera pa 24 peresenti ya GDP kufika pa 18-20 peresenti. Kuti 6 peresenti ya GDP mu 2013 ikufanana ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yomweyo kwa ndalama ndi / kapena kuwonjezeka kwa msonkho wosauka komanso wapakati wapakati pa $ 300 biliyoni. (Pofika m'chaka cha 2015 chiลตerengerocho ndi $ 500 biliyoni, mwinamwake chikukwera pambuyo pake.) Kuwonjezera apo, akuganiza kuti asinthe ndalama zomwe zinakonzedweratu $ 500 biliyoni pakuchepetsa ndalama zotetezera zomwe zinagwirizana ndi Congress mu August 2011. Zatchulidwa pamwambapa.) Kuchepetsa ndalama kumabwera makamaka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mopanda chitetezo pazinthu monga maphunziro, mayendedwe, chisamaliro chaumoyo, ndi zina, zomwe Romney akufuna kuti 5 peresenti idulidwe pagulu lonselo - 5 peresenti yodulidwa imayimira zosaposa $60. biliyoni pachaka. Monga momwe ena anenera, malingaliro a Romney sakuwonjezera ndipo sizikudziwika kuti 5 peresenti yadula discretionary, palibe njira zodzitetezera, kusunga misonkho ya Bush, kuwonjezera mabiliyoni ambiri pamisonkho yamakampani omwe ali olemera akhoza kulipira $ 10 trilioni. Kulingalira kuchepetsa ndalama za federal ndi 6 peresenti ya GDP kumatanthauza kuchepetsa ndalama ndi / kapena kuwonjezeka kwa msonkho kwa ndalama zosachepera $ 900 biliyoni pachaka. Zitha kungotanthawuza kudulidwa kwina kwakukulu kosatchulidwa mu Medicaid-Medicare-Social Security ndi kusintha kwa mbiri pa nthawi yopuma misonkho yapakati. mosavuta osatchulidwa.
Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwa Romney sikungotanthauza kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ndalama zomwe anthu amawononga komanso mabiliyoni ambiri pamisonkho yapakatikati. Pamndandanda wazotsatirazi kuyenera kuphatikizirapo kuchotsedwa kwa msonkho wa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi zopereka zapenshoni ndi ogwira ntchito, kutha pafupifupi chiwongola dzanja chanyumba ndi kuchotsera msonkho wa boma, misonkho yatsopano pamapindu a Medicare, ndikuthetsa msonkho wambiri womwe amapeza. kuchotsera kwa osauka ogwira ntchito. Kuchepetsa kwambiri, kapena kutha, kuchotsedwa kumeneku kungakhale kofunikira kuti agwirizane ndi bizinesi yomwe Romney akufuna komanso kudulidwa kwamisonkho. Romney athetsanso lamulo la Obama's Affordable Healthcare Act, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa $ .9 thililiyoni. Zina mwachiwonekere zimachokera ku ndalama zina zochepetsera maphunziro, Medicaid, Medicare, ndi Social Security.
Mwachidule, malingaliro ochepetsera chipereลตero cha osankhidwa onsewa akuwonetsa kuchepa kwa mbiri ya ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Onse amayang'ana kuchepetsedwa kwa misonkho kumabizinesi komwe kumafunikanso kupangidwa kuchokera ku kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso/kapena kukwera kwa msonkho wapakati. Ndondomeko yochepetsera kuchepa kwa Obama ikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa msonkho kwa anthu olemera kwambiri, pamene a Romney akuwona mabiliyoni ambiri a madola pakuchepetsa misonkho kwa olemera, omwe amalipidwa ndi kukwera kwa misonkho ndi osauka ndi apakati komanso kuchepa kwa mbiri yakale pakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri. kuposa a Obama.
Obama/Romney - Free Trade
Palibe kusiyana pakati pa anthu awiriwa pa ndondomeko ya malonda ndi mapangano a malonda aulere makamaka. Onsewa adathandizira kwambiri mapangano aposachedwa amalonda aulere ndi Panama, Columbia, ndi South Korea. Ndipo Romney amathandizira zomwe a Obama akufunitsitsa kuti akwaniritse kukulitsa kwakukulu kwa malonda aulere ndi mfundo zamalonda zaulere za TPP pacific pacific, chitukuko chomwe chidzacheperachepera komanso kukula kwa Bill Clinton podutsa NAFTA ndikutsegula kwake malonda aku China.
Malinga ndi bungwe la Economic Policy Institute, malonda aku China okha awonongera US ntchito 2.7 miliyoni m'zaka khumi zapitazi โ NAFTA mamiliyoni enanso. Komabe, onse ofuna kusankhidwa amalimbikitsa kufulumizitsa mapangano a malonda aulere. Nkhondo yomwe ili pakati pa Romney ndi Obama pazamalonda ikufanana ndi kusiyana kwa zizindikiro za momwe angasonyezere kuti ndi ovuta ku China. Otsatira onsewa amalankhula mosamveka bwino za kuchotsedwa kwa ntchito zaku US komwe kwachitika mamiliyoni makumi ambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, koma sapereka malingaliro enieni othetsera vutoli.
Obama - Healthcare/Medicare/Medicaid
Mtima wa ndondomeko ya zaumoyo ya Obama ndi, ndithudi, kusungidwa kwa 2010 Affordability Care Act. Kuwononga pafupifupi $1 thililiyoni pazaka khumi zapitazi, Lamuloli limapereka maubwino angapo kwa anthu wamba. Komabe, ili ndi zolakwika ziwiri zazikulu: choyamba, ikufanana ndi bilu ya subsidy ya kampani ya inshuwaransi yazaumoyo pomwe ma inshuwaransi azaumoyo akulandila mabizinesi owonjezera mabiliyoni mazanamazana. Cholakwika chachiwiri ndikuti chimalephera kuwongolera inshuwaransi yazaumoyo ndi ndalama zina zothandizira zaumoyo. Vuto la kuthawa kwa ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo lidzapitirirabe pansi pa ACA, vuto lomwe layamba kale, monga malipiro a inshuwalansi ya umoyo ndi ndalama zina zayambanso kukwera mu 2011-12.
Kumbali yabwino, ACA imakweza misonkho kwa olemera ndi ena 2.9 peresenti-yomwe ili gwero lenileni la otsutsa ambiri ndi olemera, omwe amafalitsidwa kupyolera mwachinyengo chawo cha Tea Party pa nkhaniyi. Koma zikuphatikizanso kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe amalipira madotolo ndi azaumoyo zomwe zimaposa $700 biliyoni. Izi zidzachititsa kuti madokotala ndi opereka chithandizo akukane kupereka chithandizo kwa odwala a Medicare. Choncho ACA ndi njira yosinthira ndalama zomwe zimalonjeza kuchepetsa mwayi wothandizira zaumoyo. Uwu ndiye mtengo wolipiridwa pothandizira ma inshuwaransi azaumoyo ndikuwonjeza kufalikira kwa mamiliyoni makumi ambiri popanda kuthandizidwa.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti Obama adasaina mu July 2011-pomwe ankafuna mgwirizano ndi a Republican pa mkangano wa ngongole-kuti anali wokonzeka kudula Medicaid ndi Medicare ndi $ 700 biliyoni, ngakhale kuti Medicaid ikuwonjezeka mu ACA yake. Lingaliro lapagululi lidayambitsa kupanduka kwa a Democrats ku Congress ndipo adachotsedwa. Komabe, imakhalabe patebulo, monga akunena. Ovota sangamve za izi panthawi ya kampeni yachisankho, koma adzamva zisankho zikatha.
Romney - Zaumoyo / Medicare / Medicaid
Dongosolo lazaumoyo la Romney ndikuchotsa ntchito yazaumoyo ya Obama mu 2010 ndikuvomereza kwathunthu dongosolo la Paul Ryan lopereka ndalama za Medicare, zomwe zingapereke ndalama kwa okalamba omwe amagula inshuwaransi yazaumoyo payekha - chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri chamakampani a inshuwaransi kuposa ACA ya Obama. Ryan akuti izi zipulumutsa boma la federal $ 700 biliyoni. Komabe, si akulu onse amene adzalandira malipiro ofanana. Ena adzalandira zochepa poyerekeza ndi ena, motero amapanga ma voucher a magawo awiri. Komanso, palibe chitsimikizo chakuti mtengo wa ma voucher udzawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka ndi kukwera mtengo kwa chithandizo chamankhwala, motero zimafuna kuti akuluakulu azilipira ndalama zambiri kuchokera m'thumba la inshuwalansi yaumoyo. Wopindula kwambiri ndi izi, kupatula makampani a inshuwalansi ya umoyo, ndi boma la federal, lomwe Ryan akulingalira kuti lidzapulumutsa $ 700 biliyoni pazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Dongosolo la voucher ya Romney-Ryan Medicare likuyimira kusamutsa ndalama mabiliyoni mazanamazana kuchokera kwa akulu kupita ku inshuwaransi ndi boma. Romney-Ryan ndiwonso amalimbikitsa kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu mu pulogalamu ya Medicaid, akufuna kuti achepetse ndalama za federal ndi boma za Medicaid pozisintha kukhala ndalama zothandizira ku United States-ambiri mwa iwo akanakana kutenga nawo mbali kapena kutenga ndalamazo mu block grant. kuwononga kwina.
Obama / Romney - Social Security
Malingaliro a osankhidwa onsewa ali pafupifupi ofanana ponena za chitetezo cha anthu. Romney akulingalira, momveka bwino, kuti zaka zoyenerera kulandira mapindu opuma pantchito ziyenera kukwezedwa, monga momwe Obama amachitira. Osanena kuti adakwezedwa ku chiyani kapena mwachangu bwanji. Onsewa akusonyeza kuti mtengo wapachaka wa kusintha kwa moyo uyenera kuchepetsedwa. Obama akutanthauza kusintha momwe mtengo wa ogula umagwiritsidwira ntchito. Romney amapita patsogolo ndikulangiza machitidwe awiriwa m'tsogolomu (ofanana ndi Medicare) omwe akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ndalama zopuma pantchito adzalandira zochepa zachitetezo cha anthu. Chomwe sichinatchulidwe ndi onse awiri ndi mgwirizano wawo wofuna kutsata phindu lachilema cha chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti achepetse kwambiri.
Obama - Mavuto a Nyumba
Kupatula kulephera kupanga ntchito, kulephera kwakukulu kotsatira kwa mfundo zazachuma pa nthawi yoyamba ya Obama kunali kusafuna kwake kuthana ndi vuto lanyumba. Gawo lanyumba lakhala likuvutikira kwambiri kwa zaka zitatu ndi theka, ndikumanga nyumba ndi ntchito zangokhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kapena theka la kuchepa kwachuma. Oposa 12 miliyoni a 54 miliyoni obwereketsa eni nyumba ku US akukakamizika kulandidwa, nthawi zambiri mosaloledwa ndi mabanki, oposa 8.5 miliyoni pa wotchi ya Obama, pomwe oposa 10 miliyoni amavutikanso ndi ngongole zanyumba mosagwirizana.
Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa 2009, ndondomeko za Obama zakhala zikuyang'ana pa kupereka ndalama zothandizira obwereketsa nyumba ndi obwereketsa nyumba (mabanki akuluakulu 5), kuti awathandize kusamutsa eni nyumba omwe atsekedwa m'nyumba zawo ndikugulitsanso kwa ogula atsopano. Kumayambiriro kwa 2009 mapulogalamu a Obama monga HAMP (Home Affordability Modification Program) amavomereza zolephera, kupereka ndalama zokwana madola mabiliyoni ambiri kumabanki ndi omanga nyumba ndi thandizo la zizindikiro kwa eni nyumba.
Mu 2010, a Obama adanyalanyaza chiwopsezo chosayina robo chomwe chidachitika chilimwechi, ndikusiyira maloya akuluakulu a boma kuti athane nawo. Komabe, zitawoneka kuti milandu yamilandu ingawononge mabanki mabiliyoni mabiliyoni a madola, ndipamene olamulira a Obama adalowererapo mu 2011. Izi zidapangidwa kuti zithandizire mabanki - osati eni nyumba - pochepetsa mangawa a mabanki kwa eni nyumba komanso malamulo aboma. suti. Monga gawo la chiwopsezochi, ngongole zamabanki kuchokera kumilandu yobwera chifukwa chosaina zinsinsi zosaloledwa ndi robo zidangokwana $25 biliyoni. Malipiro kwa eni nyumba omwe adatsekeredwa mosaloledwa adangopeza pafupifupi $ 1,500 aliyense pakukhazikikako komanso zosakwana biliyoni imodzi mwa $25 biliyoni. Malipoti aposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti ndalama zokwana madola 25 biliyoni sizichepetsa ndalama zobwereketsa kwa eni nyumba muzochita zoyipa, koma zikuchotsedwa ndi mabanki motsutsana ndi $ 25 biliyoni ngati zolipiritsa zogulitsa nyumba zazifupi. M'mawu ena, eni nyumba sakuthandizidwa kuti akhalebe m'nyumba zawo, koma amathandizidwa kuzichotsa - zomwe mabanki amagulitsanso kwa ogula atsopano pakupeza phindu lina.
Posinthana ndi malire a ngongole, mabanki adalimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo gawo mu pulogalamu yaposachedwa ya Obama yobwezeretsa nyumba, pulogalamu yake ya 2012 yotchedwa HARP 2.0. Dongosolo la HARP linali quid pro quo kuti apeze mpumulo pakudikirira kuti mayiko achitepo kanthu. Koma HARP 2.0, pomaliza pake, ndi pulogalamu ina yothandizira mabanki. Sikuti mabanki akuluakulu a ngongole amatetezedwa ku masuti ena ovomerezeka, koma akupindula bwino ndi pulogalamuyi. Posinthana ndi refinancing eni nyumba mu zoipa equity, mabanki okhudzidwa amalandira ntchito mfundo zisanu (mfundo iliyonse ndi ofanana 1 peresenti ya mtengo wa kubwereketsa) kuchokera quasi boma ngongole mabungwe, Fannie Mae ndi Freddie Mac. Mfundo zisanu pa kubweza ngongole kwa $ 500,000 ndi chindapusa cha $25,000 choperekedwa kumabanki ndi boma la feduro pakubweza kulikonse. Momwemonso, ndalama zomwe Fannie ndi Freddie adachita ziyenera kubwezeretsedwa ndi ndalama kuchokera ku Congress ndipo motero wokhometsa msonkho. HARP 2.0 ndi pulogalamu yaposachedwa kwambiri ya Obama yopulumutsa mamiliyoni a eni nyumba omwe adalandidwa mosaloledwa kapena chifukwa chosagwirizana.
Romney - Nyumba
Dongosolo la Romney lothetsa vuto lanyumba limaphatikizapo choyamba, kugulitsa nyumba zokwana 200,000 zomwe zikuyerekezedwa ndi boma. Mwanjira ina zomwe zimayenera kuthandizira kukweza mitengo yapakhomo, malinga ndi Romney, koma zidzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa nyumba pamsika ndipo motero kumachepetsanso mitengo yanyumba nthawi zambiri. Lingaliro lina la Romney ndilofuna kosadziwika bwino kuti muyambitsenso kubwereketsa kwa obwereketsa oyenera ngongole. Momwe mungakakamizire mabanki kubwereketsa kwa eni nyumba, pamene akhala akukayikira kubwereketsa kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, sizikufotokozedwa muzokambirana za Romney. Njira yothetsera nyumba ya Romney ikufunanso kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa mabungwe aboma a Fannie Mae-Freddie Mac, komanso kuletsanso kuwongolera kwa obwereketsa nyumba ndi mabanki - mwachitsanzo, zopempha ziwiri zomwe zakhala zikuchita kwanthawi yayitali kuti zipititse patsogolo kubisa ndikuchotsa msika wanyumba.
Mawuwo
Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mapulogalamu a zachuma a Obama ndi Romney, palinso mapulogalamu angapo ofanana omwe amagawidwa ndi onse awiri. Onse amakondera kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kwa misonkho yamakampani. Onsewa amalimbikitsa mabiliyoni mazanamazana kuti achepetse ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu, kuphatikizapo mapulogalamu oyenera. Onsewa ali pafupifupi ofanana m'malo awo pa malonda aulere.
Ponena za ndondomeko zamisonkho, onse akuganiza kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa misonkho ya Bush-Obama kuyimitsa kudulidwa kwa 3 peresenti ndipo Romney akuchotsa misonkho ya msonkho kwa anthu osauka ndi otsika apakati. Obama wakonza zotsekera misonkho yaying'ono, pomwe a Romney akufuna kuti achepetse misonkho yowonjezereka kwa osunga ndalama ndi mabizinesi pamwamba pa misonkho ya Bush. Kuperewera kwa Obama pazaka khumi ndi $4-6 trillion koma Romney ndi woposa $10 triliyoni. Onse awiri adzakhala ndi kuchepetsa kwakukulu mu mapulogalamu a chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe amabwera mwamsanga pambuyo pa chisankho cha November, ndipo Romney amafunikiranso kukwera kwa msonkho kwapakati. Bajeti ya Obama ndi yowolowa manja kwambiri pachitetezo, ndipo Romney ndi wochuluka kwambiri. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa kulipo ponena za mapulogalamu a zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo Medicare ndi Medicaid. Romney akufuna kuwononga ACA ya Obama nthawi yomweyo ndipo Medicare pamapeto pake. Onse akuwoneka kuti ali okonzeka kuwononga ndalama za Medicaid, Romney akudula ndalama zina zongoganiza ndi mabiliyoni owonjezera pazaka khumi.
Kufananitsaku kumatanthauza kuti, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndani wasankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti, kuchepetsedwa kwa mbiri yakale kwa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito pulogalamu ya chikhalidwe cha anthu kuli pa ndondomeko yotsatila zisankho za November 2012. Ndalama zachitetezo zitha kutetezedwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono ku zodulidwazo ndipo misonkho idzachepetsedwanso kwamakampani, kukwezedwa mwachisawawa kwa anthu olemera, ndipo makamaka kukwezedwa kwa anthu apakati komanso osauka omwe akugwira ntchito. Palibe chilichonse chamtengo wapatali chomwe chidzachitike pothana ndi vuto la nyumba ndipo mapologalamu oyambitsa ntchito adzapitiriza kulephera kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zambiri. Izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa wolembayu kulosera za kuthekera kwa kugwa kwachuma kawiri mu 2013, makamaka ngati vuto la Eurozone likupitilirabe kuipiraipira ndipo China ndi chuma chonse chapadziko lonse lapansi chikupitilizabe panjira yopita ku "zovuta" zachuma. Ndizotheka, ngati Obama asankhidwanso, kuti ndalama zowonongeka zomwe zikubwera kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2013 zikhoza kuchedwa chaka chimodzi ndikukhala "zobwerera mmbuyo" kuti ziyambe kuchitapo kanthu mu 2014. Koma ngati Romney asankhidwa ndipo Republican amalamulira, onse, nyumba za Congress ndi kwambiri draconian austerity mapulogalamu adzayamba kugwira ntchito kale mu 2013. Izi zokha adzaonetsetsa pawiri kuviika recession. Ngati Eurozone itsetsereka mozama pakugwa kwachuma komanso kusakhazikika kwa banki, zitha kutsimikizira kutsika kawiri.
Z
Jack Rasmus ndi mlembi wa Economy ya Obama: Kubwezeretsa kwa Ochepa (April 2012) ndi gulu la ALTERNATIVE VISIONS pa Progressive Radio Network, mu New York (Lachitatu nthawi ya 2:00 PM). Webusaiti yake ili pa www.kyklosproductions.com.