Ndani ali ndi udindo waukulu pa imfa ya ana osabadwa m’dziko muno? Ndikuimba mlandu mtsogoleri wa Tchalitchi cha Katolika ku England ndi Wales, Eminence Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor. Ndikunena kuti iye ndi amene wachititsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo chathu chochotsa mimba.
Ndiloleni ndiyambe ndi mfundo yogwirizana. Murphy-O'Connor analemba kuti: “Mosasamala kanthu za chikhulupiriro chathu chachipembedzo kapena chikhulupiriro chathu pazandale, kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa mimba ku UK “kukhoza kungotibweretsera mavuto aakulu.” (1) N’chimodzimodzinso. Koma n’chifukwa chiyani yakwera chonchi? Kodi ndi chifukwa cha kukwera kwa funde laufulu? Kusakhalapo kwa kudziletsa? Ngakhale kuti zingaoneke zachilendo, umboni ukusonyeza zosiyana.
Sabata yatha kadinala adachotsa ofesi yachipatala kumpoto kwa London(2). Zinalola kuti maopaleshoni a GP asunthire pamalopo ndipo madotolo kumeneko, mowopsa kwambiri, anali kuthandiza amayi pakulera. Ngakhale zimathandizidwa ndi ndalama zina ndi NHS, St John ndi St Elizabeth's ndi chipatala cha Katolika, chomwe chimaletsa madotolo kupereka mankhwala oletsa kulera kapena kutumiza amayi kuti achotse mimba. Kadinalayu akuti akufuna kuti chipatalacho chipereke chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe “ndichokomeradi anthu”(3).
Murphy-O'Connor adatsutsa kulera ndi kuchotsa mimba nthawi zambiri m'mbuyomu. Ndicho chimene iye ali kumeneko: cholinga chachikulu cha zipembedzo zambiri ndi kulamulira akazi. Koma ngakhale kuti sitingagwirizane ndi maganizo ake, kaŵirikaŵiri sitikayikira kugwirizana kwake kapena zotsatira zake. Yakwana nthawi yoti tiyambe. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera kufa kwa ana osabadwa ndiyo kulimbikitsa kulera.
M’mbiri ya maiko ambiri amene amapeza mwayi wopeza luso lamakono la zamankhwala, pali nthaŵi imene chiŵerengero cha kulera ndi kuchotsa mimba chimakwera nthaŵi imodzi. Okhulupirira mfundo zachikhristu amati zikhalidwe ziwirizi ndi zogwirizana, ndipo amazitengera ku zomwe Papa amachitcha "malingaliro achipembedzo ndi ogwirizana"(4). Ndipotu ndi chizindikiro cha kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu. Pamene madera akupita patsogolo ndipo amayi akupeza mwayi wabwino, amafunafuna mabanja ang'onoang'ono. M'zaka zoyambirira za kusintha, njira zolerera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza komanso zosamvetsetseka, choncho amayi nawonso amachotsa mimba kuti achepetse chiwerengero cha ana omwe ali nawo. Koma, monga momwe kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m’magazini ya International Family Planning Perspectives akusonyezera, chiŵerengero cha kubadwa chikakhazikika, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa njira zakulera kumawonjezereka ndipo chiŵerengero cha kuchotsa mimba chikutsika. Pamenepa njira imodzi imayambitsa ina: "kukwera kwa njira zolerera kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa anthu ochotsa mimba"(5). Mlingo wochotsa mimba umatsika kamodzi 80% ya anthu akugwiritsa ntchito njira zolerera (6).
Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Lancet akuwonetsa kuti pakati pa 1995 ndi 2003 chiwopsezo cha kuchotsa mimba padziko lonse lapansi chinatsika kuchoka pa 35 pa amayi 1000 chaka chilichonse kufika pa 29 (7). Nthawi imeneyi ikugwirizana ndi kukwera kwa “chikhalidwe cha dziko” chimene Papa akudandaula (8). Pamene muyang’ana pa ziŵerengero zosweka, zimawonekeratu kuti (kupatulapo m’maiko amene kale anali Soviet Union) chiŵerengero cha kuchotsa mimba n’chachikulu koposa m’magulu osunga mwambo ndi achipembedzo. M’maiko ambiri osapembedza a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, chiŵerengero chapakati ndi kuchotsa mimba 12 pa amayi 1000 alionse. M’maiko achipembedzo ochuluka a kum’mwera kwa Ulaya, chiŵerengero cha avareji ndi 18. Ku United States, kumene chiŵerengero cha opita ku tchalitchi chikadali chokulirapo, mwa akazi 23 aliwonse (1000) amachotsa mimba 9, amene ali mlingo waukulu koposa m’maiko olemera. Ku Central ndi South America, kumene Tchalitchi cha Katolika chili ndi ulamuliro waukulu, mitengoyo ndi 25 ndi 33. M'mabungwe osamala kwambiri aku East Africa, ndi 39(10). Mmodzi wachilendo ndi UK: mlingo wathu ndi 6 mfundo apamwamba kuposa anansi athu kumadzulo kwa Ulaya(11).
Sindikunena kuti pali ubale woyambitsa kokha pano: ziwerengerozi zikuwonetsanso kuchuluka kwa anthu m'madera. Koma n’zachionekere kuti chikhulupiriro chachipembedzo sichithandiza kwenikweni kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha kuchotsa mimba ndi kuchulukitsa chiŵerengerocho. Miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri ya onse - 44 pa 1000 - imachitika m'mayiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union. Pansi pa chikomyunizimu, njira zakulera zinali zosatheka kupeza. Koma, chifukwa cha kupeza bwino kwa njira zolerera, apa ndipamenenso kuchepa kwachangu kukuchitika: mu 1995 chiwerengerocho chinali chowirikiza kawiri. Pakhala kukwera pang'ono kwa mlingo wa kuchotsa mimba kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, akuti Guttmacher Institute ku US ndi "kusamukira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chochepa cha kulera." kulera kumatanthauza kuchepetsa kuchotsa mimba.
Palinso mgwirizano woonekeratu pakati pa maphunziro okhudza kugonana ndi kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha mimba zosakonzekera. Lipoti la bungwe la United Nations Unicef linanena kuti m’dziko la Netherlands, lomwe lili ndi chiŵerengero chochepa kwambiri cha kuchotsa mimba padziko lonse, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mimba zapathengo za achichepere kunachititsidwa ndi “kuphatikizidwa kwa chitaganya chophatikizana ndi malingaliro omasuka ponena za kugonana ndi maphunziro a zakugonana. kuphatikizapo kulera."(13) Ku US ndi UK, mosiyana, omwe ali ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha atsikana omwe ali ndi mimba m'mayiko otukuka, "malangizo a kulera ndi chithandizo chikhoza kupezeka mwalamulo, koma m'mikhalidwe 'yotsekedwa' ya manyazi ndi chinsinsi. "(14)
Pepala lofalitsidwa ndi British Medical Journal lidawunika mapulogalamu anayi omwe akufuna kukopa achinyamata ku UK kuti apewe kugonana. Adapeza kuti "amalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mimba pakati pa zibwenzi za achinyamata omwe atenga nawo gawo" (15). Izi siziyenera kudabwitsa. Achinyamata amagonana ndi zomwe achikulire anganene, ndipo omwe sadziwa kwenikweni za njira zakulera ndi omwe angatenge mimba. Atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi manyuzipepala osamala kwambiri akamanyoza za kulera, maphunziro a kugonana ndi kugonana asanalowe m’banja, m’pamenenso chiwerengero chochotsa mimba chidzakwera. Kadinala amathandizira kuti pakhale mimba yosafuna.
Koma ngakhale kuti mpingo wake umayambitsa mavuto ambiri m’mayiko olemera, zimenezi sizikufanana ndi mavuto amene anthu osauka amakumana nawo. Mosangalatsa, monga momwe pepala la Lancet likusonyezera, palibe ubale pakati pa kuvomerezeka ndi zochitika za kuchotsa mimba. Amayi omwe alibe mwayi wopeza njira zolerera amayesa kuthetseratu mimba zosafuna zilizonse zomwe zingachitike. Lipoti la Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse likusonyeza kuti pafupifupi theka la anthu onse ochotsa mimba padziko lonse ndi osaloleka ndipo n’ngosatetezedwa(16). Kum’maŵa kwa Afirika ndi ku Latin America, kumene anthu osamala zachipembedzo amaonetsetsa kuti kuchotsa mimba kukhale kosaloledwa, ndiwo akuchititsa pafupifupi kuchotsa mimba kulikonse. Njira zake ndi monga kumwa turpentine kapena bulichi, kukankhira ndodo kapena malaya opachika m'chiberekero(17) ndi kumenya pamimba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa chiberekero kuphulika, kupha wodwalayo(18). Bungwe la WHO likuyerekezera kuti akazi pakati pa 65 000 ndi 70 000 amafa chifukwa chochotsa mimba mosaloledwa chaka chilichonse, pamene mamiliyoni asanu amavutika ndi mavuto aakulu. Izi, bungweli likuti, "ndizotsatira zowoneka za malamulo oletsa malamulo." (19) Ndikukhulupirira David Cameron, yemwe wangolengeza kumene kuti akufuna kuletsa kuchotsedwa kwalamulo ku UK (20), akudziwa njira zina. woneka ngati.
Papa akamauza mabishopu ku Kenya, komwe kuli pachimake chavutoli, kuti atetezere miyambo ya m'banja mwawo "zivute zitani" kwa mabungwe ochotsa mimba mwachisawawa(21), kapena akapita ku Brazil kukadzudzula njira yolerera ya boma(22) ), amadzudzula akazi ku imfa. George Bush akaletsa thandizo la US ku mabungwe othandizira kulera omwe amalimbikitsa kuchotsa mimba mosatetezeka, amaonetsetsa, modabwitsa, kuti njira zakulera zasinthidwa ndi backstreet foeticide(23). Anthu amenewa amafalitsa masautso, matenda ndi imfa. Ndipo amadzitcha okha pro-life.
Bweretsani Apocalypse: Zotsutsana Zisanu ndi Zimodzi za Chilungamo Padziko Lonse, lolemba George Monbiot, likupezeka pamtengo wa £10.99 kuchokera ku Guardian Books
Zothandizira:
1. Ma Cardinals Cormac Murphy-O'Connor ndi Keith O'Brien, 22nd October 2007. Kalata Yotsegula pa mwambo wokumbukira zaka 40 za lamulo lochotsa mimba mu 1967 kuchokera kwa a Presidents a Catholic Bishops' Conferences aku Scotland ndi England ndi Wales. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/multimedia/archive/00222/Open_Letter_Abortio_222943a.pdf
2. Riazat Butt, 22nd February 2008. Archbishop alamula komiti ya zipatala za Katolika kuti isiye ntchito pa mkangano wamakhalidwe. The Guardian.
3. ayi.
4. Catholic News Agency, pa 19 November 2007. Tetezani banja ndi moyo wabanja mu njira iliyonse, Benedict XVI akuuza anthu aku Africa. http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=11014
5. Cicely Marston ndi John Cleland, March 2003. Ubale Pakati pa Kulera ndi Kuchotsa Mimba: Kubwereza Umboni. Malingaliro a Kulera Padziko Lonse, Volume 29, Nambala 1. http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2900603.html
6. ayi.
7. Gilda Sedgh et al, 13th October 2007. Kuchotsa mimba kochititsa: kuyerekezera mitengo ndi zochitika padziko lonse lapansi. The Lancet vol 370, pp 1338-45.
8. Catholic News Agency, ibid.
9. The Guttmacher Institute, May 1999. Kuchotsa Mimba M’nkhani: United States ndi Padziko Lonse. http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/ib_0599.html
10. Gilda Sedgh et al, ibid.
11. Ofesi ya National Statistics ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo, June 2007. Statistical Bulletin: Statistics Statistics, England ndi Wales: 2006. http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistics/DH_075697
12. Hannah Brown, 17 November 2007. Kuchotsa mimba padziko lonse lapansi. British Medical Journal. doi:10.1136/bmj.39393.491968.94
13. UNICEF, July 2001. Mgwirizano wa ana akubadwa m'mayiko olemera. Innocenti Report Card No.3. UNICEF Innocenti Research Center, Florence. http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/repcard3e.pdf
14. ayi.
15. Alba DiCenso et al, 15th June 2002. Njira Zothandizira Kuchepetsa Mimba Yosayembekezereka Pakati pa Achinyamata: Kubwereza Mwadongosolo Mayesero Osasinthika. British Medical Journal 324:1426.
16. Bungwe la World Health Organization, 2007. Kuchotsa mimba kosatetezeka. Ziwerengero zapadziko lonse ndi zachigawo za zochitika za kuchotsa mimba mosatetezeka ndi kufa kogwirizana ndi 2003. Kope lachisanu. http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/unsafeabortion_2003/ua_estimates03.pdf
17. Andy Coghlan, 21st October 2007. Kulera kumachepetsa chiwerengero cha kuchotsa mimba. Wasayansi Watsopano.
18. Bungwe la World Health Organization, ibid.
19. Bungwe la World Health Organization, ibid.
20. James Chapman, 25 February 2008. Cameron: Chepetsani malire ochotsa mimba kukhala masabata makumi awiri ndi limodzi. Daily Mail.
21. Catholic News Agency, ibid.
22. Tegan Fleming, 21st June 2007. Kuletsa kutenga pakati: Boma la Brazil limachepetsa ndalama zolerera kwa osauka. Pharmacy News.
23. Onani http://www.globalgagrule.org/
Lofalitsidwa mu Guardian pa February 26, 2008