Patricia Isasa wakhala akumenyera chilungamo komanso kuwonekera kwazaka zopitilira 30. Pa nthawi yobedwa, Julayi 1976, womanga Patricia Isasa anali ndi zaka 16. Adabedwa ndi gulu lankhondo la apolisi amchigawo ndipo adapita naye kumalo amodzi osungira anthu ozunzidwa mwachinsinsi 375 omwe adakhazikitsidwa panthawi yaulamuliro wankhanza. Adayang'aniridwa chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zake monga nthumwi ya High School Students Union m'chigawo cha Santa Fe. Anamangidwa kwa zaka 2 ndi miyezi iwiri popanda mlandu. Atamasulidwa mu 1979 adalemba madandaulo kuti akaperekedwe ku bungwe la Inter-American Commission on Human Rights of the Organisation of American States, lomwe linali pafupi kupita ku Argentina. Anabedwanso limodzi ndi amuna ndi akazi ena makumi atatu. Anatulutsidwa patatha masiku atatu, koma anali m'modzi mwa anayi okha omwe adapulumuka.
Kuyambira 1997, Isasa wasonkhanitsa zolembedwa zokwanira kuti atseke omwe adamuchitira nkhanza. Komabe, malamulo oyimilira komanso omvera omwe adakhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 90 adaneneratu kuti makhothi angatsutse atsogoleri omwe anali ankhondo pamilandu yaufulu wachibadwidwe. Chaka chatha Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri linathetsa malamulo a chikhululukiro omwe ankateteza akuluakulu a asilikali omwe ankatumikira pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wankhanza.
Tsopano, patatha pafupifupi zaka 25 kuchokera pamene adatulutsidwa m'ndende zachinsinsi, moyo wa Isasa uli pachiwopsezo. Kuyambira pomwe mkulu wakale wa apolisi a Miguel Etchecolatz adaweruzidwa kuti ndi wolakwa, pamlandu wodziwika bwino omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe akumana ndi ziwopsezo komanso ziwopsezo zambiri. Jorge Julio Lopez, mboni yofunikira pamlandu wa ufulu wachibadwidwe woweruza Etchecolatz chifukwa cha milandu yotsutsana ndi anthu, adasowa pa September 18 2006. Lopez, wogwira ntchito yomanga yopuma pantchito komanso mkaidi wakale wandale adasowa maola ochepa kuti apereke chigamulo chake chomaliza. umboni madzulo a kuweruzidwa kwa Etchecolatz.
Patricia Isasa walowa mu pulogalamu yoteteza mboni atalandira mafoni owopseza. Woweruza woweruza mlandu wakeyo analandiranso ziwopsezo zakupha. Komabe, kufuna kwake kumenyera chilungamo sikutha. Akukonzekera kupereka umboni kukhothi ku Santa Fe m'mwezi wa Marichi, malo owopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha zofuna za amderalo poteteza omwe kale anali mgulu lankhondo. Poyankhulana ndi Isasa posachedwa, adalankhula za nkhani yake ndi chiyembekezo cha chowonadi ndi chilungamo.
MT: Nkhani yanu ndi yotani?
PI: Mlandu wanga wapuwala pakadali pano, monganso milandu yonse yaufulu wachibadwidwe mdziko muno pambuyo pa kuweruzidwa ndi Etchecolatz ndikubedwa kwa Jorge Julio Lopez. Ndinali ndi tsiku la kukhoti kuti mlandu wanga ukazengedwe mlandu wa olakwawo mu November 2006. Panopa tili mu February ndipo makhoti akundiuza kuti mlandu wanga sufika mu November 2007. Zimenezi zikutanthauza zinthu ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, zikutanthauza chaka china cha kuyembekezera, chisalungamo ndi kusalangidwa. Kachiwiri, ndikuti oponderezawo ali ndi mwayi womasulidwa kundende. Atha kumasulidwa pakatha zaka ziwiri ngati sanaweruzidwe kukhothi.
MT: Kodi mungatipatseko mbiri ya mlandu wanu kuti olakwawo aimbidwe mlandu?
PI: Nditamaliza kufufuzako sindinakatengere ku makhoti a ku Argentina chifukwa chinali chaka cha 1997-98 ndipo malamulo a chikhululukiro oteteza asilikali a asilikali anali adakalipo. Kenako ndinatengera mlanduwo ku Spain ndi kuupereka kwa Woweruza wa mayiko a Baltasar Garzon. Garzon anapempha kuti anthu amene anandilakwirawo abwezedwe ku Spain mu 2003. Pempholi linakanidwa ndipo makhoti a ku Argentina anakakamizika kuzenga mlandu anthu amene anandilakwira kuno m’dzikolo.
Anthu asanu ndi anayi omwe adamangidwa potsatira kafukufuku wanga akuzengedwa mlandu wopha anthu, uchigawenga wa boma komanso kuzunza zomwe ndi milandu yotsutsana ndi anthu. Koma makhothi sanafotokozebe milandu yomwe akukumana nayo. Nthawi iliyonse woweruza akhoza kusintha milandu. N’zokayikitsa kuti adzaimbidwa mlandu wogwirizana ndi anthu ophwanya malamulo. Kugwirizana koletsedwa ndi vuto lalikulu la zigawenga za boma. Ndikuwaimba mlandu anthu asanu ndi anayiwa chifukwa choba, kuzunza komanso kupha anzawo omwe ali mndende. Iwo anatsekereza anthu kwa zaka zambiri popanda kuwatsatira. Ineyo pandekha ndidakumana ndi izi. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndinasungidwa kwinakwake komwe sindimadziwa ngati kunali usiku kapena masana kapena kuti padutsa masiku angati. Kukonza zolakwa zonsezi payenera kukhala mayanjano osaloledwa: mgwirizano pakati pa gulu la anthu kuti achite zolakwa zomwe zidakonzedwa, zokonzedwa komanso zokonzedwa kuchokera ku boma.
Anthu awa alibe chodzitchinjiriza. Milandu yomwe idachitika panthawi yaulamuliro wankhanza sizinali zolakwirana. Amembala akale a boma la junta sanganene kuti anali openga. Sanganene kuti ndi amisala, chifukwa pambuyo pake adakhala akuluakulu aboma okhala ndi maudindo aboma. Chokhacho chomwe angachite podzitchinjiriza ndikusokoneza njira zamalamulo.
Kodi anthu amene akukhudzidwa ndi mlanduwu ndi ndani? Tili ndi apolisi asanu, atatu a usilikali ndipo tili ndi wogwira ntchito kukhothi, chifukwa makhoti adathandizira nawo kupondereza. Juan Orlando Rolon, Domingo Marcellini ndi Nicolas Correa anali m'gulu lankhondo. Domingo Marcellini adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Sukulu ya America mu 1973 ndipo pambuyo pake adakhala wamkulu wanzeru. Iye anali ndi udindo wopondereza ku Santa Fe m'zaka zankhanza kwambiri za ulamuliro wankhanza. Mu mzinda wa Santa Fe mokha munali anthu oposa 300 omwe anasowa. Nicolas Correa anali lieutenant wankhondo yemwe amayang'anira ntchito zanzeru. Ndi njira yabwino kunena kuti anali mkulu wa mazunzo. Iwo anatcha kuzunza ndi kuwafunsa anthu mbali ya intelligence ya chitetezo. Correa ndi wakupha wina yemwe adapha anthu opitilira 300.
Mario Jose Fasino anali mtsogoleri wa ndende zozunzirako ndi kupha anthu ku Santa Fe. Theka la anthu amene analoŵa m’misasa imeneyi anaphedwa kapena anafa panthaŵi ya mazunzo. Eduardo Ramos anali wozunza, wogwirira chigololo komanso amawotcha magetsi. Apolisi ena awiri ndi Hector Romeo Colombini ndi Juan Perizzotti.
Wogwira ntchito m’boma m’makhoti anali a Victor Hermes Brusa, amene ankafunsa akaidi m’misasa yachinsinsi. Kodi ofunsawo akanatani? Nthawi yozunza ikatha, amakunyamulani maliseche, akutuluka magazi ndipo nthawi zina atagwiriridwa. Amakuponyerani m'chipinda choyandikana ndi inu ndikusayinani chikalata chokonzedwa kale. Victor Brusa anganene kuti 'saina kapena ubwerera kuchipinda chozunzirako.'
MT: Kodi zidachitika ndi chiyani kwa anthuwa ulamuliro wankhanza wankhondo utatha mu 1983?
PI: Chodabwitsa kwambiri pa zonsezi ndi zomwe anthuwa adasanduka atabwerera ku demokalase. Tsoka lolephera kuwazenga mlandu anthuwa silinali vuto lokhalo lopanda chilango, komanso adalandira mphotho chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo. Mpaka pano palibe aliyense wa iwo amene wayesedwapo. Correa adakhala Mlembi wa Chitetezo kuchigawo cha Santa Fe. Fasino adakhala meya waku Santa Fe patatha zaka 20 atayendetsa malo ozunzirako anthu mobisa. Ramos anali Secretariat ya Chikhalidwe ku Santa Fe kwa zaka zambiri. A Hector Colombini anali kuyang'anira gawo la apolisi osaloledwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Potsirizira pake, pamene ndinafufuza ondizunza zaka 10 zapitazo ndinapeza kuti Victor Brusa, wofunsa mafunso m’misasa yachibalo anakhala woweruza wa boma.
MT: Kodi mudamva bwanji zakusowa kwa Jorge Julio Lopez, mboni ina yofunika ku La Plata?
PI: Kwa ine kuba kwake kunali mbama kumaso. Ndidaganiza mopusa zaka 20 zapitazi mu demokalase kuti izi sizingachitikenso. Ndinaganiza kuti palibe amene amachirikiza njira zomwe zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya ulamuliro wankhanza - kupha kuzunza, kutaya anthu amoyo m'nyanja ndi kukwirira anthu amoyo. Ngakhale a fascists omwe amachirikiza ulamuliro wankhanza, ndimaganiza kuti adachita izi popanda zitseko zotsekedwa. Sindinaganizepo kuti tingabwerere ndi chikwangwanicho n’kuwauza kuti “Aparación con vida ya! - Kuti tibwerere bwino, Tsopano!"
M'lingaliro limeneli Lopez anabedwa kuti abwezere Etchecolatz. Gulu la Etchecolatz lomwe limagwirizana ndi apolisi akuchigawo lidalanda Lopez kuti apange mantha komanso kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi zida zogwirira anthu ambiri. Ndikuganiza kuti adamubera ndikumupha kenako ndikubisa mtembo wake. Pambuyo pake ndawala yachiwopsezo chakupha ya dziko inayambika.
Boma lili ndi udindo wochita zomwe Lopez adasowa. Bwanji osayang'ana m'magulu okhudzana ndi Echecolatz? Kodi nchifukwa ninji anthu onse opondereza pakali pano omwe akumangidwa akukumana ndi milandu akumazengedwa pamalo amodzi? Ayenera kufalikira m'ndende m'dziko lonselo. Anthu amenewa anapha anthu masauzande ambiri; sakuyenera kuikidwa m'ndende zanthawi zonse? Ayenera kukhala m’ndende zotetezedwa kwambiri, osakhala pa ukaidi wosachoka panyumba kapena m’ndende limodzi ndi anzawo ankhondo.
MT: Patricia, umafunika chiyani kuti ukhale pamtendere komanso kuti ukhale ngati chilungamo chachitika?
PI: Milandu yolimbana ndi omwe kale anali mgulu lankhondo lankhanza layimitsidwa. Chifukwa cha kubedwa kwa Lopez, mazana akuwopseza oweruza ndi omenyera ufulu, mboni zambiri zasiya milandu. Ndilibenso tsiku lozengedwa mlandu wanga. Akundiuza kuti chaka china mlandu udzayamba. Izi zikutanthauza chaka china chosalangidwa. Chaka chinanso chokhala mboni yomwe moyo wake uli pachiwopsezo. Ndi liti pamene ndingakhale ndi mtendere? Pamene oponderezawa ali ndi chilango cholimba ndikuikidwa m'ndende. Pamene iwo deactivated mmene ndingathere. Chonde, musawaike pamodzi m'ndende imodzi kuti athe kupempha chigamulo chachifupi kapena kukambirana ndi mboni ina yobedwa.
Mlandu wotsutsana ndi omwe kale anali asitikali aku junta ndi nsonga chabe. Chomwe ndingafune ndikuti milandu yomwe ikuyitanitsa asitikali akale kuti atsogolere kufunafuna chowonadi, kuyang'ana pansi ndikufotokozera zomwe zidachitika komanso chifukwa chake. Chifukwa chiyani boma lidasankha kulanda, kuzunza, kupha ndi kubisa matupi a nzika 30,000? Tiyenera kumvetsa zimene zinachitika. Iwo anapha otsutsa ndipo adapanga chikhalidwe cha mantha kuti apereke chitsanzo chatsopano cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe. Zomwe anthu aku Argentina akufunikira tsopano ndi chilungamo.
Marie Trigona ndi mtolankhani wochokera ku Argentina. Iye akhoza kufikiridwa pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa]