Kuwomberedwa kwakukulu pafakitale ya Kraft Foods ku Argentina kudadzetsa zionetsero m'dziko lonselo, ndipo kunayambitsa gulu latsopano la ogwira ntchito. Mu Ogasiti, Kraft adathamangitsa antchito a 160 atanyanyala kuti afune njira zoyenera zaumoyo pafakitale ya kampaniyo ku Buenos Aires pa nthawi ya mliri wa chimfine cha nkhumba ku Argentina. Ambiri mwa ogwira ntchito omwe adachotsedwa ntchito anali mamembala a bungwe lokangalika; pafupifupi nthumwi zonse za mgwirizano wa fakitale zinachotsedwa ntchito.
Ogwira ntchito ku Kraft adayankha polanda mbewuyo. Iwo adayimitsa ntchito kwa masiku 40, ndipo ambiri mwa ogwira ntchito 3,000 omwe adachita nawo sitalaka. Kampani yochokera ku United States yadzudzula ogwira ntchito ochita ziwonetsero chifukwa choletsa ogwira ntchito kuchoka pafakitale, koma bungweli likuti amamanga msasa mkati mwa fakitaleyo mwamtendere kuti awawuze ntchito. Pa Sep. 25, apolisi anaukira ogwira ntchitowo ndikuwachotsa mwaukali kuti Kraft ayambenso ntchito za zomera.
Fakitale imaoneka ngati ndende osati fakitale. Waya wamingaminga umadutsa zipata, alonda amayenda mozungulira ndi agalu oukira, ndipo apolisi amalondera pamahatchi. Mamembala a Union aletsedwa kulowa.
"Pali apolisi mkati mwa fakitale. Oyang'anira akupita ku mizere ndikukakamiza anthu kuti azigwira ntchito. Kunja kwa fakitale, pali apolisi ozungulira fakitale, "anatero Carlos Mores, nthumwi ya bungwe lothamangitsidwa ku Kraft.
Kraft: Mfumu ya Consolidation
Mbiri ya Kraft yadzaza ndi kugula, kugula, kuphatikiza, komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu pamsika. Kampaniyo inayamba mu 1903 pamene James L. Kraft anatsegula wogulitsa tchizi ku Chicago, Illinois. Mu 1913, Kraft anatsegula chomera chake choyamba kupanga tchizi. Kudzinenera kutchuka kwa Kraft kunadza kupyolera mu kugwirizanitsa ndi kutsatira mawu a Andrew Carnegie: "Ikani mazira anu onse mudengu limodzi ndiyeno yang'anani dengulo, musamwaza kuwombera kwanu. Zopambana zazikulu za moyo zimapangidwa ndi kuika maganizo."
Pofika Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, chimphona cha tchizi chinali kutumiza mapaundi 4 miliyoni a tchizi chake chopangidwa ndi pasteurized ku Britain sabata iliyonse. Kudzikhazikitsa pa malaya achitetezo ankhondo-mafakitale, malire ake otsatirawa anali khitchini yamakono ya amayi aku America, yolimbikitsidwa kuphika zakudya zosavuta, zokometsera, zofulumira komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Kraft adakula kukhala imodzi mwamakampani akuluakulu azakudya padziko lonse lapansi atagula Nabisco Brands mu 2000. Posakhalitsa, Marlboro Man adagula Kraft mu 1992. Altria (dzina latsopano la fodya ndi chimphona chazakudya Phillip Morris) pofika chaka cha 2000 adakonza zosintha. Kuwongolera kwa Kraft Foods, yomwe tsopano ndi kampani yachiwiri yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi, pambuyo pa Nestle.
Kampaniyo imapanga m'maiko opitilira 70, ndikugawa m'maiko opitilira 150. M'mayiko ambiri, monga Argentina, mtsogoleri wokonza zakudya amagula mwakachetechete malonda akumaloko ndikugulitsa mtunduwo ndi dzina lomwelo. Kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu zamsika m'makampani onse azakudya kwakhala kokulirakulira, ndipo msika waku Argentina ndiwonso. Mwala waukulu kwambiri wa Kraft ku Argentina ndi mtundu wa cookie wa Terrabusi.
Mu 1994 zakudya za Nabisco zidagula Terrabusi, wopanga ma cookie / cracker. Panthawiyo, fakitaleyo inali ndi anthu 8,000. Pofika 2009, chiwerengerochi chinachepa ndi theka kufika pa antchito 4,000 okha. Kampaniyo idatseka pafupifupi 50% ya msika wa ma cookie a dzikolo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mbewu ya Kraft m'dera la anthu ogwira ntchito ku Pacheco ikhale imodzi yofunika kwambiri kunja kwa United States.
Mayiko aku US adapeza phindu mu 2008, kutenga ndalama zokwana $42 biliyoni. "Kraft ndi kampani imodzi yomwe yakwanitsa kuchita bwino ngakhale kuti chuma chikuyenda bwino, chifukwa Hei, anthu ayenera kudya," ikudzitamandira kanema wa pa intaneti wa Kraft. Pokhala ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya zakudya, ogula ambiri adatembenukira ku chakudya chochuluka, chokonzedwa bwino, kuthandiza masheya a Kraft kukwera kwambiri pa Sep. 18, 2008 pa $ 34 gawo.
Zochita Zotsutsana ndi Mgwirizano
Panthawi ya chimfine cha nkhumba ku Argentina mu Julayi, unduna wa zaumoyo udapereka malangizo pantchito. Izi zinaphatikizapo kupereka sopo woletsa mabakiteriya, gel osakaniza mowa, ndi matawulo a mapepala kuti akhale aukhondo komanso kupereka tchuthi kwa amayi apakati omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo otsekedwa, omwe amadziwika kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kachilomboka.
"Mkanganowu udayamba pa mliri wa H1N1," akutero Fernando, wogwira ntchito yemwe adachotsedwa ntchito ku Kraft. "Tinkafuna kukonza zinthu monga mapepala opukutira, mapepala akuchimbudzi, gel osakaniza mowa, ndi njira zina zathanzi. Chifukwa tidapanga zofuna zathu, adachotsa antchito 160."
Kuphatikiza apo, kampaniyo idakana kupatsa amayi apakati ndi amayi omwe ali ndi ana tchuthi choyembekezera. Unduna wa Zantchito udapempha kuti a Kraft Foods azisamala zaumoyo, popeza masukulu, malo aboma, ndi malo antchito zidatsekedwa mdziko lonselo kuti kachilombo ka H1N1 zisafalikire, koma bungweli linakana. Kuphatikiza apo, kampaniyo idatseka malo osamalira ana omwe amapatsa azimayi ma pesos 200 (madola 70) kuti apezere okha chisamaliro cha ana. Utumiki wa Labor kapena Food and Beverage Union sunalowererepo, koma undunawu udafotokoza kuti Kraft ndi "kampani yolimba" pokhudzana ndi mikangano yantchito.
Panthawiyi, kampaniyo inabweretsa apolisi kuti azilondera fakitale. Malinga ndi oyimira mabungwewo, kampaniyo idafika mpaka pobweretsa mabwanamkubwa kuti afunse mafunso ogwira ntchito pomwe apolisi analipo, koma popanda maloya a ogwira ntchito. Ogwira ntchitowo adaganiza zosiya kugwira ntchito, kuwonetsa mashifiti awo kenako ndikumanga msasa mkati mwafakitale.
Kampani yaku US idadzudzula ogwira ntchito ochita ziwonetsero kuti amaletsa ogwira ntchito kulowa mufakitale ndikuwopseza mamenejala, koma bungweli likuti akuchita ziwonetsero mwamtendere kuti anene zomwe akufuna. Ogwira ntchito atamenya adapita kumaofesi oyang'anira fakitale, Kraft adaganiza zochotsa anthu 160 omwe anali mkati mwa fakitale.
Kampeni ya mwezi wathunthu inatsatira, yofuna kuti ogwira ntchitowo alembedwenso ntchito komanso kuti kuzunzidwa kwa mabungwe omenyera ufulu kuimitsidwe. Ogwira ntchito adatseka njira zingapo ndikuyimitsa ntchito kwa masiku opitilira 40. Kuzungulira dziko lonselo, ophunzira, omenyera mgwirizano, ogwira ntchito osagwira ntchito, ndi magulu omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe adakonza zochita mogwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito ku Terrabusi wakale, lero Kraft Foods, Inc.
Kwa Kraft Foods, ogwirizana ndi ziwonetsero zimayipitsa mbiri ya kampaniyo. Malinga ndi a Sara Jones ochokera ku kampeni ya Say No to Kraft ku United States, likulu la Kraft lakhala likutsatira mosamalitsa zomwe zikuchitika ku Argentina. "Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe tikupanga kampeni yogwirizana kuchokera kuno ku Chicago ndi chifukwa chakuti likulu lili ku Illinois ndipo tikudziwa bwino kuti akuyang'anira 'ntchito'yi. Pa mawebusaiti operekedwa ku nkhani zolimbana ndi vutoli tawona ma adilesi a IP a makompyuta 17 omwe alumikizidwa kuchokera ku EDS/Kraft Glenview, IL."
Omenyera ufulu wakumudzi kwawo kwa Kraft ku Illinois adayamba kampeniyi mogwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito aku Argentina kutsatira kuwomberedwa ndipo atsogolera kampeni yolimbana ndi mtsogoleri wazakudya, zogulitsa m'nyumba 98% zaku America.
M’kati mwa mavuto azachuma padziko lonse, kutha kwa ntchito kungawononge kwenikweni banja. Panthawi yomwe Kraft adanenanso kuti apeza phindu, akuganiza zochotsa antchito. Kraft adavomereza kuti adachotsa antchitowa chifukwa chochita nawo ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi kampaniyo. Komabe, ambiri mwa nthumwizo akuti kuwonjezera pa kuyeretsa omenyera ufulu wamakampani, Kraft adakonza zosintha masinthidwe pochepetsa kusintha konse ndikuwonjezera maola ena kwa ena.
"Kampani ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mashifiti a maola 12, koma ikufunika kuchepetsa antchito. Choyamba anayenera kuchotsa gulu lonse la ogwira ntchito mkati mwa fakitale - nthumwi zathu zosankhidwa ndi bungwe lamkati pafakitale," anatero Fernando.
Zizindikiro zimalozera ku lingaliro lokonzekera kuthamangitsa ogwira ntchito, pomwe Kraft adagwiritsa ntchito zionetserozo ngati chowiringula chochotsa antchito 160 mwaunyinji ndikuchotsa zolimbikitsa mabungwe. Mu zoyankhulana zomwe zidasindikizidwa mu Tsamba/12 Nduna ya Zantchito Carlos Tomada adati mkangano pafakitale ya Kraft inali "mkangano pomwe kampaniyo idaganiza zobwezera antchito ake."
Chiyembekezo cha Kraft ku Banana Republic
Pambuyo pa zokambirana zomwe sizinalephereke pakati pa Utumiki wa Labor, Kraft, ndi nthumwi za mgwirizanowu kumapeto kwa Sep. 25, apolisi adazungulira nyumbayo ndikuukira otsutsa. Iwo anamanga anthu 60 ndi kuvulaza 12, apolisi anawombera utsi wokhetsa misozi ndi zipolopolo za raba, kumenya ena ndi kuukira ochita ziwonetsero atakwera pamahatchi. "Kraft ndi dziko la North America lomwe lili ndi ndalama zothandizira kuponderezana komanso kulipira chindapusa ku Unduna wa Zantchito akaphwanya malamulo a ntchito ku Argentina," akutero Fernando. Bungweli laphwanya nthawi ya Obligatory Conciliation yomwe unduna wa zantchito udalamula kuti izikakamiza kuti anthu onse omwe adachotsedwa ntchito azilemba ntchito kwakanthawi mpaka mbali zonse za mkanganowo zigwirizane. Kraft adapempha ofesi ya kazembe wa US kuti atenge nawo mbali pankhondo yomwe ikukwera mtengo kwambiri.
Chiyambireni kunyalanyazidwa, kampaniyo yangobwezeretsanso kupanga kwanthawi zonse pamizere yake isanu mwa 36 yazogulitsa. Pakuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito kwa masiku a 40, mizere yopanga zidayimitsidwa, kuphatikiza mzere wa Oreo, kutseka mapaipi ndi zonona zoyera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makeke. Mankhokwe a fakitale apeza nsikidzi zowononga ufa. Mtsogoleri wa Kraft wa Corporate Affairs Pedro Lopez Matheu adanena kuti kampaniyo yawona "kutaya kwakukulu," poyerekeza ndi malonda a 2008 ku Argentina omwe akukwera madola 370 miliyoni.
Panthawi yothamangitsidwa, apolisi anatsekera ochita ziwonetsero mkati mwa fakitale muzochitika zomwe zimakumbukira pamene mabungwe amazunzidwa, kutsekeredwa, ndi kusowa mkati mwa fakitale ya Ford panthawi ya ulamuliro wankhanza wa dziko la 1976-1983. Loya woona za ufulu wachibadwidwe a Maria del Carmen Verdu akuti Kraft akuphwanya malamulo aku Argentina chifukwa adagwiritsa ntchito chomerachi ngati malo osungira anthu. "M'malo moti apite nawo kupolisi, akaidi amatsekeredwa mkati mwa fakitale, zomwe zinali zisanachitikepo m'mbuyomu pomwe maloya sakanatha kulowa m'malo omwe akaidiwo adatsekeredwa."
Atsogoleri abizinesi a Industrial Union of Argentina (IUA) akukakamira boma kuti liwumitse ziwonetsero zomwe zikukula. Iwo akuwopa kuti zionetserozi zitha kusokoneza mapulani awo ochotsa ntchito anthu ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mavuto azachuma ngati chowiringula. UIA ikunena kuti kuyambira 2008 pakhala anthu opitilira 220,000 omwe achotsedwa ntchito ku Argentina.
"Kuno ku Argentina mavuto azachuma akuipiraipira. Makampani ambiri akuyenera 'kukonzanso' ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito kuti asunge phindu," akutero Carlos Mores, nthumwi ina ya bungwe lothamangitsidwa ku Kraft yomwe idawona kuukira kwa apolisi pa Sep. 25. "Kraft Foods. , ndi mayiko ena omwe ali ndi thandizo la UIA, akufuna kusintha anthu ogwira ntchito. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake boma likulola kuti ogwira ntchito aziponderezedwa mwankhanza, m'ziwonetsero zomwe sitinawonepo kuyambira nthawi ya ulamuliro wankhanza. mavuto azachuma."
Pophwanya lonjezo lake loletsa kuwombera, pa Sep. 26 Kraft adayimitsa antchito ena 100 omwe akuwakayikira kuti achita nawo ziwonetsero. Pa Sep. 28, antchito ndi othandizira masauzande ambiri adaguba ku Buenos Aires kukapempha kuti antchitowo alembedwenso. Mlandu wa Kraft udakhala chizindikiro cha nkhondo yayikulu yoti ndani angalipire mavuto azachuma - ogwira ntchito kapena makampani omwe adapeza phindu asanagwe.
"Pamene mkangano udayamba pazaumoyo wa chimfine cha nkhumba, Kraft anali kale ndi ndondomeko yothamangitsira nthumwi za mgwirizanowu kuti athe kuchepetsa, ndikuwonjezera umphawi ndi kusowa kwa ntchito m'dera lonselo," adatero Nora Cortinas, wa bungwe loona za ufulu wa anthu Amayi. a Plaza de Mayo paulendo waukulu wothandizira ogwira ntchito ku Kraft.
Pamapeto pake, Kraft adavomera kuti ayang'anenso kuchotsedwa ntchito "pazochitika ndi zochitika." Chokhacho chomwe kampaniyo idapereka chinali kwa antchito 50, ponena kuti ogwira ntchito omwe adachotsedwawo ndi owopsa kwa kampaniyo, malinga ndi a Kraft a Lopez Matheu. Nthumwi za bungweli zakana izi pazokambirana zaposachedwa ku Unduna wa Zantchito.
Kazembe wa US sanalowererepo mwachindunji. Komabe, idapereka mawu omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chobisika cha kuchepa kwa ndalama zakunja. "Ambassy yakhala ikutsatira mkanganowu chifukwa cha chidwi chathu cholimbikitsa ndalama za US ku Argentina, zomwe zathandiza kupanga ntchito kwa antchito oposa 150,000 aku Argentina."
"Mkati ndi kunja, chomeracho chakhala chankhondo," akutero Mores. Kuphwanya malamulo akampani ku Argentina kwakhala kuletsa nthumwi zamabungwe kulowa mufakitale. Malinga ndi lamuloli, makampani amayenera kulola ngakhale nthumwi zoimitsidwa kuti zikwaniritse udindo wawo mkati mwafakitale. Unduna wa zantchito wanenanso za ufulu wa nthumwiwo kuti akwaniritse udindo wawo, koma apolisi akuchigawo komanso waya wamingaminga omwe akuteteza fakitaleyo apangitsa kuti izi zitheke.
Kraft's Anti-Union Practices Padziko Lonse Lapansi
"Kraft ali ndi mbiri yochotsa ogwira ntchito ndi okonza mabungwe omwe sali pansi pa ulamuliro wawo," akutero Jones, kuchokera ku kampeni yonyanyala Kraft ku United States. Bungwe la Food Union ku Colombia, Sinaltrainal, lanena za kuzunzidwa kwa mamembala amgwirizano pamafakitale a Kraft mdzikolo.
Kraft adatseka mafakitale asanu ku South America atapeza mtundu wa Nabisco. Kuyambira 2003, kampaniyo yachotsa antchito mazanamazana, ndikudula antchito ndi 37%. Kuwombera sikunali kokwanira kulepheretsa ntchito zamagulu, kampaniyo yakhala ikuwopseza mwachindunji, monga momwe zinalili ndi gulu la antchito 30 omwe adatsekeredwa m'chipinda chodyeramo ndikuuzidwa kuti asaine makalata ozindikira. Ogwira ntchito atazindikira kuti adatsekeredwa mkati, adakana kusaina ndipo adachita ziwonetsero pamaso pa fakitale yaku Colombia. Mofanana ndi nkhani ya ku Argentina, ku Colombia Kraft adagwiritsanso ntchito apolisi kuchotsa mwamphamvu ogwira ntchito otsutsa m'mafakitale.
"Oyang'anira mafakitale omwe adadutsa pakampaniyi m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi akhala akutukuka pantchito, akukwera m'maudindo osiyanasiyana ndikufunafuna kukwezedwa pantchito potsatira mosamalitsa malamulo odana ndi mgwirizano wakampani komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokakamiza ogwira ntchito," watero bungwe la Sinaltrainal mu Colombia.
Kampeni yonyanyala ku US ikuti Kraft adatengapo gawo pachigamulo chaposachedwa cha Honduran. "Kraft Foods ikugwirizana ndi kulanda ku Honduras," akutero Jones. "Kraft Foods Company ndi membala wa Honduran American Chamber of Commerce-AMCHAM Honduras, yomwe ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kulanda boma ku Honduras ndipo yanena kuti ikuthandiza Micheletti." Kraft adalumikizana ndi CitiBank ndi Wal-Mart, omwenso ndi mamembala a AMCHAM, polankhula poyera pothandizira "purezidenti watsopano wa Honduras, Roberto Micheletti."
Bungwe la National Business Council la Honduran, lomwe AMCHAM ndi membala wake, lidatulutsa nkhani pa tsiku lomwe gulu lankhondo la Honduran lidalanda Purezidenti wosankhidwa mwa demokalase, Manuel Zelaya, ndikumukakamiza kukwera ndege yopita ku Costa Rica. "Kuchoka kwa Purezidenti Zelaya kumabwera chifukwa cha kuphwanya mwadongosolo, ndi boma lomwe analitsogolera, la malamulo ndi malamulo a Honduran ... , malamulo a dziko, ndi kukhazikika kwa mabungwe zinatheka,” ikutero nyuzipepalayo.
Mkangano wa Kraft ku Argentina ukhoza kukhala udzu womwe umathyola ngamila. Zayambitsa kale zionetsero zazikulu ngati dandaulo lotsutsa kuwombera kwina m'dziko lonselo. Ambiri anena kuti ngati Kraft asiya kuwomberedwa, ndiye kuwala kobiriwira kuti makampani aku Argentina atsatire. Magulu ena kuphatikiza bungwe la ophunzira aku yunivesite ya FUBA, gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe Amayi aku Plaza de Mayo Linea Fundadora, Ogwira ntchito zapansi panthaka, ogwira ntchito m'chipatala m'dziko lonselo, misonkhano yachigawo, ndi mabungwe akumenyera kuyimilira m'malo awo m'dziko lonselo kuti athetse kuponderezana. za ntchito za mgwirizano ndi kuwombera. Kuyankha kwakukulu kwa nzika kukuwonetsa mkwiyo womwe wakula motsutsana ndi mabungwe akunja omwe amaphwanya ulamuliro wa dziko pophwanya malamulo a ntchito, ndi mabungwe osalabadira ndi maboma osafuna kuteteza antchito.
Kraft mwina adakumana ndi masewera ake ku Argentina. Dzikoli lili ndi miyambo yayitali yokonzekera ntchito komanso mayendedwe amphamvu komanso achangu. Mavuto omwe alipo tsopano awonjezera zofuna za njira yatsopano yachuma yodalira ndalama zakunja ndi makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuyenda monga njira yolamulira ogwira ntchito m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
Marie Trigona ndi mtolankhani wochokera ku Argentina ndipo amalembera nthawi zonse ku America Program (www.americaspolicy.org). Atha kufikiridwa pa mtrigona(a)msn.com.
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