The Nicest Guys Mungathe Kuwaganizira
Mufilimu yawo, The Corporation, Mark Achbar, Jennifer Abbott ndi Joel Bakan akufotokoza momwe pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800 bungweli linalengezedwa kuti ndi "munthu wopeka" m'malamulo ndikupatsidwa ufulu wovomerezeka mofanana ndi anthu enieni. Ndiye 'munthu' ndi kampani yanji?
Opanga mafilimuwo adawunika 'umunthu' wamakampani pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira za World Health Organisation ndi zida zowunikira za akatswiri azamisala ndi akatswiri azamisala:
"Mfundo zogwirira ntchito za bungweli zimapatsa gulu kukhala lodana kwambiri ndi anthu 'umunthu': Ndilodzikonda, lokonda chikhalidwe, lopanda chidwi komanso lachinyengo; limaphwanya miyezo ya chikhalidwe ndi malamulo kuti lipeze njira yake; silimavutika ndi liwongo, komabe. Ikhoza kutsanzira makhalidwe aumunthu a chifundo, chisamaliro ndi kudzipereka ... Pomaliza kusanthula mfundoyi, kufufuza kosokoneza kumaperekedwa: mawonekedwe a chikhalidwe cha laissez-faire capitalism amakwaniritsa njira zodziwira matenda a 'psychopath.'"(http https://www.thecorporation.com)
Ife, ndithudi, tikukhala m'gulu lolamulidwa ndi ma psychopaths awa. Zofalitsa zathu sizimalamulidwa + ndi iwo, monganso nthawi zina zimanenedwa; imapangidwa ndi iwo.
Choncho, nโzosadabwitsa kuti makampani ofalitsa nkhani amayankha mopanda umunthu ndiponso mopanda chifundo ngakhale pamavuto aakulu kwambiri. Koma kodi zoulutsira nkhani sizipangidwa ndi atolankhani abwino, ophunzira, olankhula bwino? Inde, mwamtheradi, koma Noam Chomsky akunena mfundo yofunika:
"Mukayang'ana bungwe, monga momwe mumayang'ana mwiniwake wa kapolo, mumafuna kusiyanitsa pakati pa bungwe ndi munthu payekha. Choncho ukapolo, mwachitsanzo, kapena mitundu ina yankhanza, mwachibadwa ndi yowopsya. Koma anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito Akhoza kukhala anyamata abwino kwambiri omwe mungawaganizire - achifundo, ochezeka, abwino kwa ana awo, ngakhale abwino kwa akapolo awo, osamala za anthu ena. Bungweli ndi loyipa kwambiri. Ndipo zomwezo ndi zoona kuno." (Ibid)
Ndipo momwemonso ndi momwe amayankhira atolankhani pakuwukira kwa US-UK ku Iraq.
Pa Okutobala 29, magazini yodziwika bwino yasayansi, The Lancet, idasindikiza lipoti la Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health: 'Kufa kusanachitike komanso pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa Iraq mu 2003: kafukufuku wam'magulu'. (http://www.thelancet.com/journal/vol364/iss9445/early_online_publication)
Olembawo akuyerekeza kuti anthu wamba 100,000 ochulukirapo aku Iraqi adamwalira kuposa zomwe zikanayembekezereka kuti kuwukiraku sikunachitike. Amalemba kuti:
"Maperesenti makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu anayi aimfa akuti adachitika chifukwa cha zochita za mabungwe a Coalition ndipo 95 peresenti yaimfayi idachitika chifukwa chakumenyedwa kwa ndege ndi zida zankhondo." (Press Release, 'Imfa Zaku Iraq Zikuwonjezeka Kwambiri Pambuyo pa Kuukira,' October 28, 2004, http://www.jhsph.edu/Press_Room/Press_Releases/PR_2004/Burnham_Iraq.html)
Ambiri mwa omwe anaphedwa ndi magulu ankhondo a "mgwirizano" anali amayi ndi ana.
Lipotilo lidakumana ndi mayankho otsika, okayikakayika, kapena chete pawailesi yakanema. Panalibe mantha, kapena mkwiyo. Palibe atsogoleri omwe adalembedwa kuti, kuphatikiza pazachivomerezo, mabodza komanso chinyengo cha anthu, boma lathu ndilomwe lidapha anthu wamba 100,000.
Kukayikira ndikoyenera, ndithudi, koma sipanakhale kutsutsana komwe kumalola olemba lipotilo kuyankha zovuta. Atolankhani akuwoneka kuti alibe chidwi chofuna kudziwa ngati kungochotsa kwa boma lipotili kungakhale chinyengo chinanso chonyozeka. M'malo mwake akhala okondwa kungopitirira. Ndipo kungopitirirabe poyankha kuphedwa kwa anthu ambiri osalakwa pamlingo uwu ndi chizindikiro cha psychopathy yamakampani. Monga Chomsky amanenera, m'maudindo awo, atolankhani amakampani ndi zimphona.
Panthawi yolemba (November 2), lipoti la Lancet silinatchulidwe nkomwe ndi Observer, Telegraph, Sunday Telegraph, Financial Times, Star, Sun ndi ena ambiri. The Express idapereka mawu 71 ku lipotilo, koma m'kope lake la Lancashire. Tidafunsa mkonzi wa Observer, Roger Alton, chifukwa chomwe pepala lake silinatchule lipotilo. Iye anayankha:
"Wokondedwa Mr Edwards,
Zikomo chifukwa cha ndemanga yanu. Ziwerengerozi zidafotokozedwa bwino m'sabatayi, komanso ndimapeza njira yokayikitsaโฆ" (Imelo ku Media Lens, Novembara 1, 2004)
M'malo mwake, ziwerengerozi zidafotokozedwa m'nkhani ziwiri zazifupi za Guardian (October 29 ndi October 30). Yachiwiri mwa izi, yomwe inali ndi mutu wakuti, 'No 10 ikulimbana ndi imfa ya anthu wamba', inayang'ana kwambiri pa kudzudzula kwa boma pa lipotilo popanda kulola olemba kuyankha. Kenako Guardian anaisiya nkhaniyo.
The Independent inafalitsanso nkhani ziลตiri pa October 29 ndi 30. Koma zimenezi kenaka zinatsatiridwa ndi nkhani ziลตiri za mutuwo zokwana mawu 1,200 mu Independent on Sunday.
David Aaronovitch wa Guardian anatiuza kuti:
"Ndili ndi kumverera (ndipo ndikhoza kukhala ndikulakwitsa) kuti lipotilo likhoza kukhala dud." (Imelo ku Media Lens, October 30, 2004)
Izi ndizomwe zafotokozedwa ndi The Sunday Times:
"Tony Blair, nayenso, ayenera kuti adakumbukiranso Basil Fawlty pomwe The Lancet idasindikiza kuyerekeza kuti ma Iraqi a 100,000 amwalira kuyambira chiyambi cha kuwukira kwa ogwirizana." (Michael Portillo, 'Mfumukazi sayenera kulola Germany kuchita ngati wozunzidwa,' The Sunday Times, October 31, 2004)
The Evening Standard idakwanitsa ziganizo ziwiri:
"Maimelo adabwera ngati kafukufuku watsopano mu The Lancet akuti anthu wamba 100,000 adamwalira kuyambira pomwe nkhondoyi idayamba. Mneneri wa Prime Minister ... (Paul Waugh, 'Blair "sanagwiritse ntchito chiopsezo kwa asilikali"', October 100,000, 29)
The Times mpaka pano yadziletsa ku lipoti limodzi la October 29. Izi, komabe, zikutsutsana ndi zomwe boma likukula komanso kampeni yonyoza anthu:
"Owerengera omwe adasanthula zomwe adawona adanena usiku watha kuti njira za asayansi zinali zolimba ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chikhoza kukhala chosasintha.
"Ananena kuti ntchitoyi ikutsutsa malingaliro a akuluakulu a boma la US omwe anthu wamba sangathe kuchita." (Sam Lister, 'Ofufuza amati anthu wamba 100,000 aku Iraq amwalira pankhondo,' The Times, October 29, 2004)
Mphamvu Zasayansi - Zambiri Zathu Zakhala Zabwerera Ndi Kutsogolo
Kamvekedwe ka mayankho adakhazikitsidwa pa Channel 4 News (October 29, 19:00), ndi mtolankhani wa sayansi Tom Clarke, yemwe adakhala masekondi 53 a lipoti lake lachiwiri la 2 mphindi 15 kutsutsa njira ya lipoti la Lancet:
"Lero, Downing Street idakana lipotilo ponena kuti ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera, yomwe amawona kuti ndi yosayenera, m'malo mowerengera mwatsatanetsatane thupi." (Tom Clarke, tsamba la Channel 4, October 29, 2004)
Clarke anagogomezera kuchuluka kwa zomwe lipotilo linanena ponena za imfa ya wamba kuposa zomwe zinayerekeza m'mbuyomu:
"Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Iraq wati anthu wamba 3000 afa, koma awerengera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha.
"Chiwerengero china - choposa 16 000 chiyambireni nkhondoyi - imachokera ku polojekiti yotchedwa Iraqbodycount. Kuyerekezera kwawo kumachokera ku imfa zomwe zanenedwa. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa amabwera ndi chiwerengero chosiyana kwambiri: pafupifupi 100,000 owonjezera imfa zachiwembu kuyambira nkhondo inayamba - mwinamwake zambiri. "
Clarke anawonjezera kuti:
"Koma popanda matupi, kodi tingadalire chiwerengero cha thupi? Kuposa chiwerengero cha anthu ophedwa ku Fallujah kunasokoneza kwambiri phunziroli kuti chiwerengero cha dziko lonse chikhale choposa 100 zikwi kotero kuti mabanja omwe anafunsidwa kumeneko adachotsedwa pa chiwerengero chomaliza.
"Kudalirika kwa zoyankhulana kuyeneranso kufunsidwa, ngakhale mabanja anayi mwa asanu adatha kutulutsa satifiketi yakufa."
Chodabwitsa, Clarke adanena kuti Fallujah "adasokoneza kwambiri phunziroli". Ndipo komabe, monga momwe iye mwini adanenera, "mabanja omwe anafunsidwa kumeneko adachepetsedwa" - kotero Fallujah sanawononge + kwenikweni lipotilo. Koma adatinso kudalirika kwa zoyankhulana kuyeneranso + kufunsidwa - mwachitsanzo, kuti ili ndi vuto lina kuwonjezera pa kusokonekera komwe adangochepetsako.
Kenako Clarke ananena mawu ake ovuta kwambiri:
"Koma chofooka chachikulu cha phunziroli, ndi chomwe chinasonyezedwa ndi Downing Street pochotsa ziwerengero zamasiku ano, ndikuti amachulukitsa chitsanzo chaching'ono ku Iraq yonse. kafukufuku wochepa kwambiri."
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mtolankhani wa nkhani atha kutsutsa mwachisawawa njira ndi zomwe apeza pa kafukufuku amene wachitika mosamalitsa, yemwe anaunikanso mwamphamvu ndi anzawo m'magazini akuluakulu a sayansi padziko lonse.
Tidafunsa olemba lipotilo za kukwera kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha anthu wamba omwe amafa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zayerekeza m'mbuyomu, komanso za kuthekera kopanga kuchuluka kwa thupi lodalirika popanda matupi. Dr. Gilbert Burnham anayankha kuti:
"Mwachidule, tidagwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kuwerengera imfa. Choncho matupi safunikira kuwerengera imfa. Kunena zowona kupita kumudzi kuti akafufuze za imfa zapakhomo ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera imfa zonse. padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mwina ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera anthu ku UK, ngakhale sindine wowerengera anthu.
"Mulimonse, zambiri zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mu kafukufuku nthawi zonse zimatulutsa ziwerengero zambiri kuposa 'malipoti opanda pake' chifukwa zinthu zambiri sizimanenedwa. Uku ndiko kufotokozera kosavuta kwa kusiyana kwa iraqbodycount.net, ndi kafukufuku wathu.
"Kafukufuku winanso atha kupeza zomwe zimayambitsa imfa zokhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu monga amayi omwe amamwalira pobereka, ana omwe amafa ndi matenda opatsirana, okalamba omwe sangathe kufika pamtundu wa insulini, zomwe thupi silingathe kuchita - chifukwa amasonkhanitsa zambiri m'nyuzipepala. nkhani za imfa (nthawi zambiri zachiwawa) Kodi munthu anganene ziwerengero za dziko potengera chitsanzo?
"Yankho ndiloti inde (maziko a njira zonse za kalembera), malinga ngati chitsanzocho ndi cha dziko lonse, mabanja amasankhidwa mwachisawawa, ndipo kusamala kwakukulu kumatengedwa kuti athetse tsankho. Zonsezi ndi zomwe tinachita. Tsopano kulondola kwa zotsatira ndi makamaka zimatengera kukula kwachitsanzo.Kukula kwachitsanzo kumapangitsanso zotsatira zake kukhala zolondola kwambiri.Tidawerengera izi mosamala, ndipo tinali ndi mphamvu zowerengera zomwe tidachita.Kupanga zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu kungapangitse kuti chiwerengerocho chikhale cholondola kwambiri (kanthawi kochepa ka chidaliro) koma zikanabweretsa zoopsa kwa oyesa kafukufuku zomwe sitinkafuna kuzitenga, popeza zinali zazitali zokwanira kale.
"Deta yathu yakhala ikubwera pakati pa owunikira ambiri ku Lancet komanso kuno kusukulu (mpando wa Biostatistics Dept), kotero tili ndi mphamvu zasayansi kunena zomwe tanena motsimikiza kwambiri. Ndikukayika kuti pepala lililonse la Lancet lapeza ngati kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa monga izi! " (Dr. Gilbert Burnham, imelo kwa David Edwards, October 30, 2004)
Tom Clarke waku Channel 4 adawonanso:
"Tanthauzo la anthu wamba silikudziwika bwino. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe amafa mwankhanza anali achichepere omwe mwina - kapena ayi - anali zigawenga."
Mlembi wamkulu wa lipotilo, Dr. Les Roberts, adayankha izi:
"Funso la anthu wamba ndiloyenera. Pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya anthu anali amuna akuluakulu. > 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe anafa pangozi ya galimoto anali amuna akuluakulu. Zikuoneka kuti iwo anafa kwambiri kuposa magulu ena a anthu chifukwa iwo anali kunja ndi pafupifupi 46 peresenti. Mwa anthu omwe akuti anaphedwa ndi magulu ankhondo anali amuna achikulire.Choncho, ena a iwo anali ankhondo, ena mwina sanaliโฆmwina anali atangotuluka kumene ndipo pafupifupi anali ochulukirachulukira kukhala m'malo omwe akufunafuna. Azimayi ndi ana omwe anaphedwa ndi magulu ankhondo anali amayi ndi ana kuti asonyeze kuti ngati panali cholinga, sichinali cholunjika kwambiri. koma sitikunena kuti aliyense mwa anthu pafupifupi 100,000 anali wamba." (Imelo kwa David Edwards, October 100,000, 31)
Clarke adamaliza lipoti lake la Channel 4 ndi mawu achipongwe:
"Poganizira momwe chitetezo chikukulirakulira, pakhala nthawi yayitali tisanakhale ndi chithunzi cholondola chakuwonongeka kwa anthu wamba ku Iraq, ngati kulibe."
Izi zikuwonetsa kuti njira zolakwika zidatanthawuza kuti lipoti la Lancet likhoza kutayidwa ngati likulephera kupereka "chithunzi cholondola cha kutayika kwa anthu wamba ku Iraq". Zinkatanthauza kuti ochita kafukufuku, gulu la Lancet lowunika anzawo, ndi akonzi a Lancet, adapanga ntchito yosadalirika.
Kubwereza kuyankha kwa olemba lipotilo: "Tili ndi mphamvu zasayansi kunena zomwe tanena motsimikiza kwambiri. Ndikukayika kuti pepala lililonse la Lancet lakhala likuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa monga ilili!
Nkhani ya atolankhani ya October 29 Downing Street inati:
"Atafunsidwa ngati Prime Minister akuda nkhawa ndi kafukufuku yemwe wafalitsidwa masiku ano wosonyeza kuti anthu wamba 100,000 a ku Iraq amwalira chifukwa cha nkhondo ya ku Iraq, a PMOS [Mneneri wa Prime Minister] adati ndikofunikira kuyang'anira ziwerengerozo mosamala chifukwa kulipo. Zinali zodetsa nkhawa komanso zokayikitsa za njira yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito.Choyamba, kafukufukuyu adawoneka kuti adachokera ku njira yowonjezerapo m'malo mongowerengera mwatsatanetsatane thupi. Ngati dera lililonse linali lofanana.Kutengera kuchuluka kwa mikangano, sizinali choncho.Chachiwiri, kafukufukuyu akuwoneka kuti akuganiza kuti kuphulitsa mabomba kunachitika ku Iraq konse.Komanso izi sizinali zoona. makamaka pamadera monga Fallujah. Chifukwa chake, sitinakhulupirire kuti extrapolation inali njira yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito. (http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page6535.asp)
Tinafunsanso mafunso awa ndi olemba malipoti. Dr. Roberts anayankha kuti:
"Mfundo 1 ndi yowona ndipo sikulakwa kwa ife. Tikanakhala ndi chithunzi cholondola kwambiri tikadapanga chitsanzo cha 'stratified', ndi ena omwe ali m'madera achiwawa komanso ena omwe ali m'madera otsika kwambiri. Koma, zimenezo Zikadakhudzanso kuyendera nyumba zambiri ndikuyika ofunsa mafunso pachiwopsezo chokulirapo.Chachiwiri, sitikudziwa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe ali m'malo omwe ali ndi ziwawa, ndiye izi zikanakhudza malingaliro akulu omwe angatsutsidwe.
"Zitsanzo zambiri zimatengedwa ndi lingaliro lakuti masango onse ndi 'osinthika' pofuna kufufuza. Kusiyana pakati pawo kumaganiziridwa pakutanthauzira kwa deta.
"Mfundo yachiwiri, ikuganiza kuti kuphulika kwa mabomba kukuchitika mofanana ku Iraq. Palibe lingaliro lodziwika bwino. Pali lingaliro lakuti anthu onse ku Iraq anali ndi mwayi wofanana wa kufa (ndipo ngati sitinatero, sichingakhale chitsanzo choyimira). Zimachitika, kuti malo amodzi omwe ali ndi mabomba ambiri, Falluja, ndipo tinasiya izi kuchokera ku chiwerengero chathu cha 100,000 ... .
"Potsirizira pake, panali magulu a 7 kumpoto kwa Kurdish popanda imfa zachiwawa. Mwa madera 26 omwe anasankhidwa mwachisawawa adayendera kumwera, dera lomwe linagonjetsedwa, 5 adanena za imfa ya Coalition air-strikes. Izi, ndikukayikira kuti zochitika zoterezi. zafalikira kwambiri kuposa momwe ndemangayo ikuwonetsera. " (Imelo kwa David Edwards, Novembala 1, 2004)
Pafupifupi palibe mwazomwe zatchulidwazi zomwe zakhala zikukambidwa kulikonse mu atolankhani aku UK. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ofufuza a Johns Hopkins, akonzi a Lancet, ndi gulu lowunikira anzawo a Lancet, mwachibadwa adayesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti njira yomwe ikukhudzidwayo ingathe kupirira kuwunika kwakukulu kwa lipoti lamtunduwu lomwe liyenera kutulutsa. Zotsatira zawo zikuwonetsa kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba 100,000. Ofalitsa nkhani alibe chidwi.
Part 2 itsatira posachedwaโฆ
ZOCHITIKA ZOTSATIRA
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Lembani kwa mkonzi wa Observer, Roger Alton Imelo: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
Lembelani Imelo kwa mkonzi wa Observer, Peter Beaumont: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
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Afunseni chifukwa chomwe alepherera + kutchula + lipoti la Lancet la anthu 100,000 omwe afa mopitirira muyeso chifukwa cha nkhondo ya US-UK ku Iraq.
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Tom Clarke, Science Reporter, Channel 4 News Imelo: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
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