Mutu XNUMX
Self Management Imatanthauza Parpolity
Uku ndi kulembedwa kwa mutu womwe ungachitike m'buku latsopano, Fanfare for the future. Chonde osazungulira. Yalembedwa pano kuti iwunikenso ndi anthu a HelpAlbert ZGroup, omwe amathandizirana ndi bukhuli.
Masiku ano akupanga mtsutso wakuti ndale zamasiku ano ndizochepa komanso zosafunika. Tsiku lililonse nyundo kunyumba kuzindikira. Dziko langa, US, mosakayikira lili ndi imodzi mwazandale zademokalase zomwe zikugwira ntchito pano. Komabe ngakhale panalibe kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa chuma chamakampani ndi mphamvu zomwe zikulamulira pazandale, ngakhale zowulutsa nkhani sizimakakamiza ndikusintha zidziwitso kusokoneza zomwe ndale zimakonda, ngakhale zipani ziwirizi sizinali mapiko awiri a chipani chimodzi, ngati panalibe mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopusa komanso yofananira bwino ngati koleji yamasankho, ngakhale zisankho sizinapambane zimatenga zochitika zonse zomwe opitilira theka la ovota amanyalanyazidwa zokhumba zawo, komanso ngakhale chisankho sichinalandidwe mosavuta. chinyengo chodziwikiratu, momveka bwino kuti demokalase yamakono ya zisankho ndi aphungu ikadali yosiyana kwambiri ndi dongosolo lomwe limalimbikitsa anthu kutenga nawo mbali, kubweretsa malingaliro ozindikira, ndikuthetsa mikangano mwachilungamo.
Ndiye tikufuna chiyani m'malo mwa ndale zamakono? Ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimaphatikizapo malamulo a malamulo kapena malamulo omwe amagawana nawo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapulogalamu omwe amagawana nawo, komanso kugawira zomwe anthu amatsutsana nazo kuphatikizapo kuphwanya malamulo ndi malamulo - ntchito yathu ndikudziwitsa zomwe timayendera (kusintha zomwe tazidziwitsa kale za ndale za moyo) ndipo, makamaka gulu la mabungwe omwe amatha kukwaniritsa izi.
Masomphenya abwino a ndale alibe panobe, osachepera mu nkhani ya mfundo za Zokonda, zafotokozedwa mokwanira ndi kufufuzidwa ndi kutsutsidwa mokwanira monga momwe chuma chogwirizanirana, chomwe tafotokozera mutu watha. Komabe, wolimbikitsa zandale komanso wasayansi wazandale ku US Stephen Shalom, mwa ena, wayambapo kufotokoza koyambirira kwa Parpolity yomwe ikupezeka pa intaneti kudzera pagawo la Participatory Society la ZNet pa. https://znetwork.org/znet/topics/parsoc. M'mutu uno, ndi zochepa zosinthika, timadalira kwambiri ntchito ya Shalom monga Parpolity yake ndi masomphenya a ndale omwe akufuna kupititsa patsogolo mfundo zofanana ndi parecon.
Mizu ya Anarchist
Katswiri wina wa ku France dzina lake Proudhon analemba kuti: โKulamuliridwa ndiko kuyangโaniridwa, kuyangโaniridwa, kuzonda, kutsogoleredwa, kuikidwa malamulo, kulamulidwa, kutsekeredwa mโnyumba, kuphunzitsidwa, kulalikidwa, kulamulidwa, kuyesedwa, kuyesedwa, kufufuzidwa, kulamulidwa, zonse ndi zolengedwa zimene zakhalapo. palibe ufulu, nzeru, kapena ukomaโฆ Kulamuliridwa kumatanthauza kuti pakuyenda kulikonse, kugwira ntchito, kapena kuchita zinthu, munthu amalembedwa, kulembetsa, kulembedwa, kulembedwa, kulembedwa, kulembedwa, kusindikizidwa, kuvomerezedwa, kuvomerezedwa, kulangizidwa, kuletsedwa, kusinthidwa, kukonzedwa, kukonzedwa. Boma litanthauza kupatsidwa msonkho, kuphunzitsidwa, kuwomboledwa, kudyeredwa masuku pamutu, kulamuliridwa, kulandidwa, kukakamizidwa, kubisidwa, kubedwa; zonse m'dzina lothandizira anthu onse komanso zabwino zonse. Pambuyo pa chizindikiro choyamba cha kukana kapena kudandaula, munthu amaponderezedwa, kulipiritsidwa chindapusa, kunyozedwa, kuzunzidwa, kuthamangitsidwa, kumenyedwa, kumenyedwa, kuponyedwa m'ndende, kuwomberedwa, kuwomberedwa ndi mfuti, kuweruzidwa, kuweruzidwa, kuthamangitsidwa, kuperekedwa nsembe, kugulitsidwa, kuperekedwa. kuphimba zonse, kunyozedwa, kunyozedwa, kukwiyitsidwa, ndi kunyozedwa. Limenelo ndi Boma. Umenewo ndiye chilungamo chake ndi makhalidwe ake!โ
Vuto lomwe limakhalapo kwa anthu okhwima omwe amayankha kulira uku ndi zina zambiri zofananira za anarchist ndikuti samalongosola momwe angapitirire kuwongolera momwe boma ndi boma. Safotokoza momwe nzika iliyonse komanso dera lililonse lingadzipangire momasuka zochita zake. Kodi timakhazikitsa bwanji malamulo ogawana nawo, kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu agulu, ndikuweruza mikangano kuphatikiza kuthana ndi kuswa malamulo? Kodi timalepheretsa bwanji kuti anthu asakhalenso ndi โkukangana kwa ma atomu ndi kunjenjemera,โ monga momwe Barbara Ehrenreich wadandaulira, ndipo mโmalo mwake timapanga gulu limene zochita za munthu aliyense pamodzi zimapindulitsa anthu ena onse?
Kufunika kwa Masomphenya a Ndale
Chigawenga chimodzi chokhala ndi chibonga chingasokoneze ngakhale msonkhano wachifundo kwambiri. Zigawenga zokhala ndi zibonga, m'mitundu yonse, kaya zidadzutsidwa ndi mowa, nsanje, kudzikuza, umbombo, matenda, kapenanso kusagwirizana ndi anthu, sizidzatha pagulu labwino.
Momwemonso, mkangano womwe ulibe njira zothetsera nthawi zambiri umakula ngakhale m'malo abwino kwambiri kukhala kulimbana komwe kumadutsa zomwe zimayambitsa, ngakhale mkangano womwe ukukula umachitika pakati pa Hatfields ndi McCoys, kumpoto ndi kum'mwera, kumidzi ndi m'matauni. madera, France ndi Germany, kapena Pakistan ndi India.
Nchiyani chimaletsa kunyozeka kwa anthu kwa achifwamba? Nchiyani chimalepheretsa mikangano ikuchulukirachulukira? Nthawi zambiri, ngati tilibe zikhalidwe zomwe anthu amavomerezana nazo, anthu amayenera kuyambitsa ntchito zachitukuko mobwerezabwereza. Sititha kupindula ndi maudindo ndi machitidwe omwe tagwirizana kale. Timakambilana kosalekeza mpaka kulephera kukwaniritsa.
Muulamuliro wabwino kodi tidzadziwa maudindo omwe sitingathe kuwaphwanya, kapena kodi zonse zomwe tingachite zidzakwaniritsidwa tsiku lililonse latsopano? Poyamba, tikhoza kukhala ndi moyo wotukuka. M'malo mwake, tidzakhala ndi chipwirikiti chokha. Kuti tikhale ndi chipambano pa anthu, timafunika magulu a ndale. Maudindo opanda funso amachotsa zosankha zina, komanso amathandizira ena mosangalatsa. Ngati zosankha zomwe zili zovulaza kwambiri zili m'gulu loyamba, ndipo zonse zomwe tingafune kuchita popanda kuvulaza ena zomwe zimapindulitsa ife eni ndi ena, ndiye kuti malire ndi kuwongolera kwa maudindo a bungwe zidzatipindulira.
Kunena mosiyana, ngakhale zili zowona kuti ngakhale maudindo ndi maudindo omwe anthu onse amavomerezana, pamlingo wina, amachepetsa zosankha zathu, maudindo ogwirizana omwe timagwirizana nawo apangitsa kuti zosankha zonse zomwe tingasankhe zikhale zazikulu komanso zotheka kuposa maudindo awa analibe. Kukhala ndi nyali zofiira ndi zobiriwira pamphambano zimasokoneza njira zathu zoyendetsera galimoto, tiyenera kuyima panjira yofiira ndikukhala yobiriwira, poganiza kuti ndilo lamulo, komanso kumatipangitsa kukhala amoyo kuti tichite zonse zomwe tingasankhe, osatchulanso kulola kuyendetsa galimoto kudutsa mnjira popanda ngozi. ndi kuyimitsa kuyimitsa kuyimitsa. Nthawi zambiri, kukhala ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana okhazikitsidwa omwe tonsefe timawatsatira, kumatilola aliyense kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera komanso mosiyanasiyana kuposa tikanakhala kuti tinalibe dongosolo lotere, monga momwe zimachepetsera zosankha zathu nthawi zina. Ngati mabungwe athu achepetsa zosankha movomerezeka, mgwirizano ndi kumasuka kwa zochitika zomwe zikhalidwe za mabungwe zimatha kubweretsa zochulukirapo kuposa kuchotsera malire omwe amaika.
Ngati ndiphwanya maudindo ndi maudindo omwe ndidagwirizana kale, zitha kukhala zokayikitsa ndipo mwina zimasokoneza ziyembekezo za anthu ena, zochita, ndi zosankha. Sitikufuna kuti aliyense akhale womasuka kupha. Sitikufuna kuti aliyense akhale womasuka kuyendetsa magetsi ofiira. Tikufuna ufulu umene kuchitapo kanthu kumathandizira ufulu wowonjezereka ndi njira zosangalalira nawo. Sitikufuna ufulu umene kuchita zinthu mwanzeru kumalepheretsa ufulu wowonjezereka ndiponso njira zopezera ufuluwo. Tikufuna kuthawa ziletso zosafunikira, koma tikufuna kuchita izi mogwirizana ndi ena omwe ali ndi ufulu womwe tili nawo komanso kusunga maudindo omwe tagwirizana kale.
Choncho tifunika kukhazikitsa mabungwe omwe amatilola kuti tikwaniritse ntchito za ndale mogwirizana ndi mfundo zathu, mgwirizano, kusiyana, kufanana komwe kuli chilungamo kapena mu ndale chilungamo chomwe chili kugawa koyenera kwa zolemetsa ndi zopindulitsa - maudindo ndipo, pakufunika, zoletsa. , mphotho zochotsera zovulaza komanso zikafunika zilango zomwe zidachitika kale - komanso kudziwongolera. Funso la masomphenya a ndale ndilakuti: ndi mabungwe ati?
Kulephera Masomphenya a Ndale
Yankho limodzi lolephera limachokera ku lingaliro lotchedwa Marxism Leninism. Monga momwe mbiri yatsimikizirira, "kupondereza kwa olamulira," ngakhale atafunidwa pazifukwa zomveka, kumamasulira mosasunthika muulamuliro wa chipani, wa politburo, ndipo poyipa kwambiri ngakhale wolamulira wankhanza wa megalomaniacal. zakhala zikufanana ndi moyo wofunikira wa ndale udzakhala chilema choyipa kwambiri pa mbiri ya ndale ya "Kumanzere." Kuletsa onse kupatula chipani chimodzi cha "vanguard" cholamulidwa ndi "demokalase pakati" kumasokoneza ngakhale demokalase kuchepera kudzikonda.
Democratic centralism imalepheretsa kutenga nawo mbali mwadongosolo, imalimbikitsa kutengeka kwa anthu, imalimbikitsa mantha, ndipo imabala ulamuliro waulamuliro, ndipo imachita zonsezi ngakhale motsutsana ndi zofuna zabwino za Leninists ambiri. Kuletsa kutsutsa kwakunja nthawi zonse ndikupondereza kapena kuwongolera kusagwirizana kwamkati mwa kusamutsa mamembala pakati pa nthambi zikayamba kutsutsa sikuyambitsa demokalase. Ngakhale zolimbikitsa za Leninists zingakhale zabwino, machitidwe a Leninist samatsogolera ku chikhalidwe chabwinoko.
"Demokalase" yachisankho yachizungu ndi yankho lina ku funso la masomphenya a ndale, ndipo ngakhale kuti ndizomveka bwino pazandale kuposa dziko la Leninist la chipani chimodzi ndi ulamuliro wopondereza, komabe zili kutali kwambiri ndi demokalase yogawana nawo. Kugawidwa kosagwirizana kwambiri kwachuma kumadzaza masewerawa masewera amakhadi andale asanayambe. Nzika zimasankha kuchokera kwa omwe adasankhidwiratu omwe amawunikiridwa kuti akuyenerana ndi akuluakulu amgulu la anthu. Ndipo ngakhale titachotsa umwini wazinthu zopindulitsa kuti tigonjetse mavuto okhudzana ndi ndalama mkati mwa demokalase yaku Western, demokalase yotenga nawo mbali imafuna zambiri kuposa kuvotera woyimira kuti achite zandale zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zofuna za anthu ambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasemphana ndi zomwe anthu amakonda. . Zolakwika zonena za anarchists ena ndikuti polity per se ndi yopondereza. Chilichonse chikuyenera kukhala chotsatira. Komabe, zonena zolondola za ma anarchists ochulukirachulukira ndikuti chikhalidwe chomwe chilipo pamwamba pa anthu, chokakamiza anthu, osawonetsa chidziwitso, kutenga nawo mbali, kufuna kwa anthu, ndichopondereza, sichiyankhidwa ndi mabungwe andale akumadzulo omwe, m'malo mwake. , ndi zitsanzo za vuto.
Ngakhale kusankha oyimilira ndichinthu chomveka ndipo mwinanso gawo lofunikira la demokalase yotenga nawo mbali, kafukufuku wanthawi zonse komanso wokhazikika pamalingaliro ndi mfundo zofunika zandale m'magawo onse aboma limodzi ndi kuwulutsa kwathunthu kwa malingaliro opikisana atha kukhala chowonjezera chofunikira. kuvotera ofuna. Funso likubwera, komabe, kodi tingathe kulingalira njira zomwe zingalole ndikulimbikitsa kukambirana, kukambirana, ndi kupanga zisankho zomwe zimapatsa nzika zonse zoyenera kunena, kaya mwachindunji kapena kudzera mwa oyimilira, ndikusunga ufulu wofunikira pochita chilungamo.
ParPolity
Pambuyo povomereza mwamsanga kukana Leninism ndi demokalase ya nyumba yamalamulo, chinthu choyamba chofunika kuzindikira ndi chakuti moyo wandale sudzatha m'gulu lofunika. Izi zingawoneke ngati zowonekeratu kwa ambiri, koma pali ena omwe akuyandikira vuto la kulingalira za tsogolo labwino omwe amaphonya mfundo yofunikayi. Mapangidwe a moyo wa ndale adzasintha, inde, koma kufunika kwake kwa nzika kudzakulirakulira m'malo mochepa.
Ndale sizidzakhalanso magulu amwayi opititsa patsogolo ulamuliro wawo. Komanso madera omwe akuponderezedwa sadzakumana ndi zinthu zopanda chilungamo zomwe zingachitike monyoza kapena ngati otsutsa. Koma kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino sikutanthauza kukhala ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pa zosankha za anthu. Ngati tilingalira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi pali zochepa zomwe tingakambirane, koma tidzakhalanso tikugwira ntchito mwachinyengo - osatinso yokongola kwambiri. Malingaliro a Homogenized si chithunzi choyenera chopangira mikhalidwe yomasuka.
Ngakhale kuti cholinga cha kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu chimanena kuti malingaliro opikisana ayenera kutsatiridwa mofanana pamene kuli kotheka, nthawi zambiri pulogalamu imodzi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mowonongera ena. Choncho vuto la kusankha kwa anthu silidzatha. Zoposa zonse, popeza chitaganya chofunidwa chidzayatsa zikhumbo zathu zotenga nawo mbali, mkangano wa anthu abwino nthawi zina umatentha m'malo mozizira.
A Stephen Shalom poyesa kuganiza za parpolity akufotokoza zitsanzo za nkhani zomwe zingayambitse mikangano ndi mikangano:
โPali nkhani zoลตerengeka chabe zimene zidzapitiriza kutivutitsa: ufulu wa zinyama (kodi kudya nyama kuyenera kukhala koletsedwa?), zithunzi zolaula (kodi nโzopondereza akazi mwachibadwa kapena kusonyeza kudziimira paokha?), uhule (mโchitaganya chopanda anthu opanda ungwiro?) kugwiritsa ntchito chuma ndi kotheka kuti wina 'asankhe' kukhala wogonana?), Zachilengedwe zakuya (kodi tikuyenera kuchitira chilengedwe osati ngati chinthu choti tipulumutsidwe kuti chipitilize kutichirikiza mtsogolo, koma monga chinthu chamtengo wapatali chopanda phindu lililonse laumunthu?), kulembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zinenero zambiri, ufulu wa ana, kugawira chithandizo chamankhwala chodula kapena chosowa, monga kuika mtima, kupanga, kuberekera mwana, kulira, kusukulu za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi ufulu wachipembedzo pamene zipembedzo zikuphwanya mfundo zina zofunika kwambiri za chikhalidwe cha anthu, monga kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi."
Ngati mndandandawo sunamveke bwino, Shalom akupitiliza:
"Pamwamba pa izi, pali nkhani zomwe nthawi zambiri zimathandizidwa ndi Kumanzere, koma osati konsekonse, ndipo zomwe ndingaganizire kupitiliza kukangana pakati pa anthu abwino: mwachitsanzo, momwe tiyenera kuzindikira ufulu wochotsa mimba kapena ndondomeko zosankhidwa. kwa mamembala amagulu omwe anali oponderezedwa kale. Ndiyeno pali nkhani zomwe zingabwere chifukwa chakuti dziko lonse lapansi silingakhale 'gulu labwino' nthawi imodzi ... kodi tidzathana bwanji ndi mfundo za maiko akunja, malonda, kapena kusamuka?"
Kenako Shalom akufotokoza mwachidule,
โMwachidule, ngakhale mโchitaganya chimene chinathetsa vuto la kudyera masuku pamutu ndi kuthetsa mikangano ya mafuko, kalasi, ndi jenda, mikangano yambiriโmikangano yaikulu yambiriโidzakhalabe. Chifukwa chake, gulu lililonse labwino liyenera kuthana ndi nkhani za ndale ndipo lidzafunika dongosolo la ndale, ndale.โ
Zolinga zokulirapo, ngati sizikhala njira zokhazikitsira chikhalidwe chatsopano, zamveka bwino komanso kutchulidwa. Demokalase yeniyeni imatsimikizira kuti anthu onse ali ndi mwayi wotengapo mbali mwaphindu komanso wolimbikitsa pakupanga ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe cha anthu. Gulu lomwe limapatula mbali zazikulu zopangira zisankho zofunika kutsogozedwa ndi boma, kapena dongosolo laulamuliro lomwe limangopereka mwayi kwa anthu onse kuti avomereze zisankho zomwe gulu la anthu osankhika likuchitaโฆsikuyenera kunena kuti demokalase. Koma funso lofunika kwambiri ndilakuti, ndi magalimoto ati omwe angakwanitse komanso kutsimikizira anthu mwayi wademokalase?
Pomaliza, mikangano yandale iyenera kuthetsedwa powerengera zomwe anthu amakonda. Mwachiwonekere kuvota kudzadziwitsidwa bwino momwe ovota ali ndi mwayi wodziwa zambiri. Mkhalidwe umodzi wa demokalase yeniyeni, motero, ndikuti magulu omwe ali ndi malingaliro opikisana amatha kufotokoza bwino malingaliro awo. Ulamuliro wa demokalase wa moyo wa ndale uyenera kuphatikizirapo kubweretsa demokalase pakuyenda kwa zidziwitso ndi ndemanga (onani zokambitsirana za nkhani zotere mumutu 10 wa buku la Kuzindikira Chiyembekezo).
Demokalase yotenga mbali imafuna kuti anthu asamangotengera njira zoulutsira nkhani zosinthidwa komanso kuti anthu azitha kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabungwe andale omwe ali ndi nkhani imodzi kuti adziwitse malingaliro awo, komanso, mwinanso, kuchuluka kwa zipani zandale zomwe zimakhala ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Palibe chifukwa choganizira, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuti kukhala ndi chuma chabwino kapena chibale kapena chikhalidwe kapena gulu lonse kumatanthauza kuti anthu sangagwirizane pazinthu zazikulu m'njira zamaganizo. Kusakhalapo kwa magulu, jenda, ndi utsogoleri wamitundu sikutanthauza kusakhalapo kwa kusiyana konse ndi mikangano.
Ngati tilingalira mwachidule mbiri ya moyo wa ndale mkati mwa kumanzere ndi zotsatira za kuyesa kuletsa zipani, magulu, kapena mtundu uliwonse wa ndale womwe anthu akufuna kuwagwiritsa ntchito, ziyenera kuonekeratu kuti kuletsa ndi zinthu za kuponderezana ndi ulamuliro wankhanza. .
Koma kodi tingapereke zambiri mwa masomphenya a ndale kusiyana ndi kufotokoza kwakukulu ndi kofala kwa zinthu zomwe zingatheke zandale zofunika?
Makhalidwe
Kutsatira njira yomweyi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mutu wapitawu pazachuma, titha kuyamba ndi zikhalidwe, ndipo, kupulumutsa nthawi yochuluka, zikhalidwe zazachuma za parecon sizimangopanga malingaliro abwino azachuma, komanso kuwongolera pang'ono kumapanganso nzeru zandale.
Zowonadi, ndale iyenera kubweretsa mgwirizano osati kudana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndipo iyenera kuyamikira ndikupanga zosiyana m'malo mokhala ndi zotsatira zofanana. Mfundo ziwiri zachuma izi zimasamutsa mosavuta komanso mwachindunji mu ndale.
Pazachuma, chilungamo chimayang'anira kugawa kwa mphotho. Kwa ndale, analogue ya chilungamo ndi chilungamo chomwe chimakhudza kugawidwa kwa ufulu ndi maudindo, kuphatikizapo kufunikira kokonzanso kuphwanya mapangano a anthu. Chifukwa chake ndi tweak yaying'ono iyi, kusamutsidwa kwachuma, komwe kumatchedwa chilungamo.
Kudzilamulira nokha ndikofunika kwambiri pazandale kuposa chuma, poyambira komanso m'malingaliro ake, motero ndicholinga choyenera ndale. Ndale zitsogolere anthu omwe ali ndi chikoka pa zisankho molingana ndi momwe zisankhozo zimakhudzira miyoyo yawo.
Chifukwa chake kubwereka ndikusintha kuchokera ku parecon, chifukwa cha ndale tili ndi zomwe zimatsogolera mgwirizano, kusiyanasiyana, chilungamo, komanso kudziwongolera. Kuwonjezera apo, kukwaniritsa mfundozi kumatanthauza kukwaniritsa mfundo zina zomwe zadziwika bwino pa ndale, kuphatikizapo ufulu ndi kulolerana, makamaka kutenga nawo mbali zomwe ndizofunikira pa zolinga zonse zinayi.
Mipingo
M'malingaliro ogawana nawo andale ofunikira, monga tafotokozera m'gawo loyamba, pali nkhani za malamulo, chigamulo, ndi kukhazikitsa pamodzi. Pamalamulo, kufuna kudzilamulira, Shalom amalimbikitsa "makhonsolo okhala ndi zisa" pomwe "makhonsolo apamwamba adzaphatikiza wamkulu aliyense pagulu" komanso pomwe Shalom akuwonetsa, "chiwerengero cha mamembala m'makhonsolo apamwamba awa [mwina] chingakhale kwinakwake. pakati pa 25-50.
Motero aliyense mโgulu la anthu ali mโgulu limodzi la zigawo zikuluzikulu za ndale. Anthu ena amasankhidwa ku makhonsolo apamwamba, popeza m'masomphenya a Shalom, "khonsolo ya pulaimale iliyonse idzasankha nthumwi ku khonsolo yachigawo chachiwiri" komwe "konsolo iliyonse yachigawo chilichonse [idzapangidwanso] ndi 20- Nthumwi 50.โ Ndipo izi zitha kupitiliranso, gawo lina, ndi lina, "mpaka patakhala bungwe limodzi lapamwamba la anthu onse." Nthumwi za ku khonsolo iliyonse yapamwamba โzikanaimbidwa mlandu woyesa kusonyeza malingaliro enieni a bungwe limene anachokerako.โ Kumbali ina, โsanauzidwe kuti โumu ndi mmene muyenera kuvota,โ chifukwa ngati atatero, ndiye kuti bungwe lapamwamba limene anali kupitako silikanakhala bungwe lokambirana.โ
Shalom akupereka lingaliro lakuti โchiลตerengero cha mamembala pa khonsolo iliyonse chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa pamaziko a chigamulo cha anthu onse, ndipo mwina kuunikanso malinga ndi zimene wakumana nazo, kuti akwaniritse mfundo zotsatirazi: zingโonozingโono zokwanira kutsimikizira kuti anthu atha kutenga nawo mbali. m'mabungwe okambirana, pomwe onse atha kutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana zapamaso; koma zazikulu mokwanira kotero kuti (1) pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana ophatikizidwa; ndipo (2) chiwerengero cha magulu a makhonsolo ofunikira kuti asamalire anthu onse chikuchepa.โ
Shalom akufotokoza momvekera bwino, mwinamwake mosiyana ndi malingaliro a anthu ambiri, kuti โbwalo lalikulu la 25, lokhala ndi zigawo 5, polingalira kuti theka la chiลตerengero cha anthu ndi la achikulire, lingathe kuloลตa gulu la anthu 19 miliyoni; khonsolo yokwana 40, idzafunikanso zigawo zisanu kuti zizikhala anthu 5 miliyoni; khonsolo ya anthu 200 ikhoza kukhala ndi anthu 50 miliyoni pofika gawo lachisanu. Ndi gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi, ngakhale bungwe la anthu 625 litha kukhala ndi anthu pafupifupi theka la biliyoniโ motero akuwonetsa kuti makhonsolo ake osanjikizana amakhala osinthika komanso momwe angathere.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani m'makhonsolo andale omwe akufuna?
Malamulo amakhazikitsidwa, kutanthauza kuti kuvota pazikhalidwe ndi magulu amagulu kumachitika. Makhonsolo amakambirana komanso agulu. Lingaliro ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito kuti athe kuyerekeza momwe angathere mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera komanso mogwirizana ndi kufunikira kwa zinthu zinazake, kudzipangira zisankho. Nthawi zina makhonsolo apamwamba amavota ndikusankha. Nthawi zina amachita dala ndi kupereka malipoti ndipo makhonsolo apansi amavota ndikusankha. Kuphatikizika kwenikweni kapena kuphatikizika kwa mavoti m'munsi ndi kuvota m'makhonsolo apamwamba, ndi njira zowonetsera, kukangana, ndi kuwerengera malingaliro, ndi momwe mamembala amasankhidwira ndendende, zonsezi, mwa zina zambiri, madigiri a za ndale zomwe sitiyenera kuzifotokoza muzokambirana mwachidule komanso mwachidule ngati izi. Shalom wayamba kuganizira za nkhaniyi, ndipo mosakayikira zambiri ziyenera kuchitidwa, kuphatikizapo, ndithudi, kuphunzira kuchokera ku zochitika zamtsogolo. Pazofuna kukambirana zaulamuliro wofunika, ndikwanira kunena kuti nthambi yoyenerera yamalamulo iphatikiza ndikugwiritsa ntchito makhonsolo a maso ndi maso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotseguka zotumizira zidziwitso, kukangana, ndi mavoti omwe cholinga chake ndi kupereka onse omwe adziyang'anira okha. pa zisankho zomwe zimawakhudza.
Zokambirana za Shalom za udindo osati kungowerengera mavoti okha komanso kupereka nthawi, mphamvu, ndi ndalama pazovuta za ndale monga gawo la ndondomeko yotsimikizira kudzilamulira, komanso machitidwe oyimira ndi kulingalira, zonse ndizophunzitsa kwambiri, monga ndi zofufuza zomwe zilipo kale za njira zovota monga kutha kuvota pompopompo, ndi njira zopangira zisankho monga kuvomerezana, koma apanso, zonse zapitilira zomwe tikufunika kuziphatikiza pano, kusiyapo mfundo zomveka.
Tiyerekeze kuti tikusankha pakati pa munthu m'modzi lamulo lalikulu la mavoti ambiri ndi mgwirizano, tinene, pazisankho pamlingo wina, pamitundu ina. Kapena tikusankha udindo wa oyimilira ndi maudindo awo. Kapena tikukonza njira zotsutsana ndi kuwunika, njira zovota, kuwerengera, ndikuwunikanso. Kodi timafika bwanji pakukonda njira imodzi poyerekeza ndi ina - kachiwiri, osati konsekonse, koma pamagulu enaake ndi mitundu ina ya chisankho, kuzindikira njira zoyamikiridwa ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zosiyana? Yankho ndiloti tikuyesera kuti tikwaniritse kudzilamulira, kuthandizira kufika paziwerengero zanzeru, kuteteza ndi kutsata zosiyana, kusunga malingaliro ndi machitidwe ogwirizana, ndipo, potsiriza, komanso, kuchita zinthu popanda kuchedwa. Ndipo bwanji ngati zina za zolinga zimenezi zimakonda kulolera, ngati zikutsatiridwa mokwanira, kufunafuna zina? Chabwino, ndiye chisokonezo cha ndale ndi makhalidwe ambiri - ndi pamene anthu oganiza bwino sangagwirizane osati chifukwa chowona zenizeni mosiyana, kapena kuwerengera molakwika pamene ena ali olondola, koma chifukwa cha kukhala ndi zofunikira zosiyana kapena malingaliro okhudzana ndi zovuta zovuta. Chinyengo cha kapangidwe ka malamulo ndi njira ndi kukhala ndi dongosolo lomwe limalola kusankha komwe aliyense amavomereza kuti zisankho zimafikiridwa mwachilungamo kwa onse ndipo ndizabwino kwambiri kapena nthawi iliyonse yomwe ingawunikidwe. Ndipo izi ndi zomwe dongosolo la makhonsolo lotsogozedwa ndi kudzipereka pakudzilamulira, mgwirizano, ndi kusiyanasiyana, likufuna kukwaniritsa.
Nanga bwanji za ntchito zogawana?
Kumbali imodzi, kukhala ndi chuma chotenga nawo mbali, chomwe takambirana kale, chimasamalira zambiri zomwe timadziwa ngati ntchito zazikulu mu ndale zamasiku ano ndipo, potero, zimathandizira kuzindikira zomwe zatsala zandale. Ganizirani za kutumiza makalata, kufufuza ndi kuyesa kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda, kapena kupereka chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Zonse izi zikuphatikizapo kupanga ndi kugawa mbali zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe a zachuma omwe atenga nawo mbali, kuphatikizapo malo ogwirira ntchito, malipiro chifukwa cha khama ndi kudzipereka, ndi kupanga zisankho zogawana nawo. Khonsolo ya ogwira ntchito yotumiza makalata pazifukwa izi sizingakhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi bungwe la ogwira ntchito yopangira njinga, komanso likulu la khonsolo ya ogwira ntchito yolimbana ndi matenda silingakhale losiyana kwambiri pankhani yazachuma ndi chipatala wamba, chimodzimodzinso bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency ndi kafukufuku wanthawi zonse.
Koma mwanjira ina zitsanzo zitatuzi ndizosiyana ndi anzawo a parecon. Post Office, CDC, ndi EPA imagwira ntchito movomerezeka ndi ndale ndikuchita ntchito zomwe ndale zimalamula. Makamaka pankhani ya CDC ndi EPA, mabungwe akuluakulu amagwira ntchito ndi ndale zomwe zimawalola kuti azifufuza ndi kulamula ena pomwe magulu azachuma sangakhale ndi ufulu ndi udindo wotere.
Izi ndichifukwa choti nthambi yayikulu ikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito zomwe zalamulidwa ndi ndale zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiridwa molingana ndi mayendedwe achuma chotenga nawo mbali pokhudzana ndi malo ogwira ntchito ndi zotulukapo, koma ndi ndale zomwe zimafotokoza zolinga zawo komanso mwina. kupereka mphamvu zapadera. Ngati zikuthandizira kumvetsetsa kuphana kumeneku pakati pa ndale ndi chuma ndikofanana kapena kufananiza ndi kuphatikizika kwa chikhalidwe ndi chuma komwe kumawonekera pamene mipingo ikugwira ntchito pazachuma chifukwa cha zolowa zawo ndipo mwina zina mwazotuluka, koma kutero ndi tanthauzo lachikhalidwe/chipembedzo. Kusintha kwachuma kukhala ndi parecon m'malo mwa capitalism ndi gawo la zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndale kapena chikhalidwe kapena banja kapena mbali ina ya anthu ikhale yatsopano mumtundu watsopano, koma mtima wakusintha kwawo ndikusintha kwamalingaliro awo amkati.
Mwachionekere njira yoti nthambi yoyang'anira ntchito ipereke udindo pazandale ndikukhazikitsa njira zokhazikika zowayang'anira ingakhale kukambirana ndi mavoti a nthambi yazamalamulo, mbali ina, ndi mapulani azachuma mbali inayo, komanso kukhazikitsa mabungwe omwe ali ndi mphamvu. ndi malamulo awo ogwirira ntchito monga CDC ndi mabungwe ena andale.
Komano kodi udindo wa oweruza ungakhale wotani pa nkhani ya parpolity?
Monga momwe Shalom akunenera, โNthawi zambiri makhoti amayangโanizana ndi mitundu itatu ya nkhaลตa: kubwereza makhoti (kodi malamulowo ali olungama?), chilungamo chaupandu (kodi pali anthu enaake amene anaswa malamulowo?), ndi chiweruzo cha anthu (motani mmene mikangano pakati pa anthu imathetsedwa?).โ
Choyamba, Shalom amapereka makhothi omwe angagwire ntchito mocheperapo monga momwe Khothi Lalikulu limachitira pano, ndi magulu akuluakulu omwe amaweruza mikangano yomwe imabwera pazisankho za khonsolo. Kodi iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yomwe tingaganizire, ndipo ingakonzedwenso kapena kusinthidwa kuti ipititse patsogolo kudzilamulira? Sindikudziwa. Ndithudi, mโpofunika kuganiziridwa mosamala kwambiri.
Pankhani zaupandu komanso kuweruza anthu, a Shalom akufuna kuti pakhale khothi losiyana kwambiri ndi lomwe tili nalo pano, kuphatikiza apolisi omwe angakhale ndi malo ogwirira ntchito komanso amalipidwa chifukwa cha khama komanso kudzipereka.
Pankhani ya kukhala ndi apolisi komanso ogwira nawo ntchito m'madera ofunikira - zomwe ndizovuta kwa anthu ambiri kuposa nkhani za makhothi - ndikugwirizana ndi Shalom ndipo sindikuwona njira ina iliyonse kapena vuto lililonse lomwe silingathetse. Padzakhala umbanda pakati pa anthu abwino, nthawi zina zachiwawa komanso nthawi zina zoipa kwambiri, ndipo kufufuza ndi kulanda zigawenga zidzakhala nkhani zazikulu zomwe zimafuna luso lapadera. Zikuwoneka zodziwikiratu kuti anthu ena adzachita ntchito yotereyi, ndi malamulo apadera ndi mawonekedwe kuti awonetsetse kuti azichita bwino komanso mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu - monga momwe anthu ena amathera nthawi yawo yantchito akuwulutsa ndege kapena kuchiza odwala kapena kuchita zina. ntchito zovuta ndi zovuta zomwe zimafuna luso lapadera ndipo zimakhala ndi malamulo apadera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuchitika bwino komanso zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Lingaliro losiyana loti upolisi ungakhale wosafunikira m'dongosolo laumunthu silowona. Ndithudi, mโchitaganya chabwino zifukwa zambiri za upandu zidzathetsedwa ndipo zaupandu mwachiwonekere zikanakhala zocheperapo, koma zimenezo sizikutanthauza kuti sipadzakhala upandu nkomwe. Ndipo lingaliro lakuti apolisi adzafunika koma akhoza kuchitidwa mwaufulu kwathunthu sapanga nzeru kuposa kunena kuti ndege zowuluka kapena kuchita opaleshoni ya ubongo zidzafunika koma zikhoza kuchitika mwaufulu. Zimalephera kuzindikira kuti apolisi, makamaka apolisi ofunikira, monga ndege zowuluka kapena kuchita opaleshoni, amaphatikizapo luso lapadera ndi chidziwitso. Imalephera kuzindikira kufunikira kwa maphunziro komanso kusamalanso malamulo apadera kuti apewe kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika udindo wa apolisi (kapena zoyendera kapena zamankhwala).
Kupitilira pazotsatira za kapangidwe ka malo ogwirira ntchito komanso kupanga zisankho pazolimbikitsa apolisi, kodi pangakhale nthawi yapadera yogwira ntchito yapolisi? Kodi pangakhale njira zowonetsetsa kuti anthu aziyang'anira malamulo okhudza momwe apolisi amagwirira ntchito ndikuwunika? Kodi njira zosiyanasiyana za anthu abwino zodziwira kulakwa kapena kusalakwa ndi kupereka chilango ndi kukonzanso zidzakhudza ntchito za apolisi mosiyana kwambiri ndi njira zakale zomwe amalowetsamo? Mayankho onse ndi otheka kuti inde, mwina inde, komanso, tsatanetsataneyo ndi wopitilira momwe tingathere pano.
Sikuti apolisi ndi mbali ya makhothi, ndikuwoneka kuti ndi gawo la makhothi, mbali ya oyimira milandu, ndi gawo la oweruza milandu lomwe lingakhale lovuta kwambiri kuwongolera bwino anthu.
Kumbali imodzi, monga momwe Shalom amanenera, chitsanzo cha advocate chomwe maloya amagwira ntchito m'malo mwa makasitomala mosasamala kanthu za kulakwa kapena kusalakwa kumakhala komveka. Sitikufuna kuti anthu azidzitchinjiriza kuti amene amachita bwino apindule kwambiri ndi amene sali bwino. Chifukwa chake timafunikira maloya ophunzitsidwa bwino ndi ozenga milandu opezeka kwa onse omwe amatsutsana.
Tikufunanso olimbikitsawa kuti ayesetse, ndithudi. Koma nthawi yomweyo, lamulo loti ozenga milandu ndi maloya achitetezo ayesetse kupeza zigamulo zabwino mosasamala kanthu kuti akudziwa kuti ndi wolakwa kapena wosalakwa wa woimbidwa mlandu komanso mwanjira ina iliyonse yomwe angachite - chifukwa njira imeneyo ipereka mwayi waukulu zotulukapo zowona - zimandichititsa kukhulupirira, mwanjira zina, monga lamulo loti aliyense m'zachuma azifunafuna kudzikonda payekha ngati njira yabwino yopindulira anthu onse ndikulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Komabe, momwe mungasinthire kapena kusintha kuphatikiza kwa makhothi, oweruza, oweruza, ndi kuyimira mwankhanza ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, kusiyapo nkhani zamalipiro atsopano ndi matanthauzidwe a ntchito zomwe zatsopano zachuma zikuwonetsa ndipo zomwe zingakhale zopindulitsa kwambiri pakuchepetsa. zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zotsatira zake, ndilibe malingaliro abwino.
Mkhalidwe wa masomphenya a ndale kumanzere, kwa madera, mayiko, kapena mayiko, kaya ndi ntchito zamalamulo, akuluakulu, kapena oweruza, akadali ochepa komanso osakwanira, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndipo akuyenera kukonzedwanso kuti atsimikizire kulengeza kwamtsogolo. Komabe, pali malangizo ambiri, ndipo ndizotheka, mwachitsanzo, kulingalira za ubale wa chuma chomwe chilipo komanso chiyembekezo chandale.
Parpolity ndi Economy
Milton Friedman, wa mbali yakumanja yakumanja ya University of Chicago yochokera ku Chicago, katswiri wazachuma yemwe adapambana mphoto ya Nobel, akuti "zowoneka ngati njira yopezera ufulu wandale, makonzedwe azachuma ndi ofunikira chifukwa chakukhudzidwa kwake pakukhazikika kapena kufalikira kwa mphamvu. โ Ndipo izi ndi zoona mokwanira. Ndipo zowonadi mabungwe azachuma ndiwofunikiranso momwe amatiphunzitsira kuti titenge nawo mbali pazosankha ngati ofanana kapena kukhala odekha ngati omvera, komanso momwe amatithandizira kuti tipeze luso la chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zizolowezi zotenga nawo mbali ndikupanga zisankho, kapena, m'malo mwake, chifukwa cha momwe amachepetsera maluso ndi zizolowezi zimenezo.
Friedman anawonjezera kuti, โmtundu wa bungwe lazachuma limene limapereka ufulu wachuma mwachindunji, ndiko kuti, ukapitalizimu wopikisana, umalimbikitsanso ufulu wa ndale zadziko chifukwa chakuti umalekanitsa mphamvu yazachuma ndi mphamvu zandale ndipo mwa njira imeneyi umatheketsa wina kutsutsa winawo.
Izi, komabe, mosiyana ndi zomwe Friedman adaziwona kale, ndi amodzi mwamawu opusa kwambiri omwe amapezeka pazandale kapena zachuma. Motsutsana ndi lingaliro la Friedman, chowonadi nchakuti chuma cha chikapitalist chimatulutsa malo akuluakulu amphamvu zokhazikika m'mabungwe ake ndi zigawo zawo zolamulira. Zimapanganso ofooka atomu, osakhazikika, komanso osalumikizana ndi ogwira ntchito ndi ogula. Kuphatikiza apo, limapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zomasulira mphamvu zamabizinesi kukhala zandale ndi mabungwe omwe amayang'anira kuyankhulana, zambiri, ndi ndalama zoyendetsera zisankho, komanso kugula mwachindunji akuluakulu andale. Pomaliza, chuma cha capitalist chimatsimikiziranso kuti kudzipatula ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito kumalimbikitsidwanso ndi kusokoneza media komanso kupatukana komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu podziwa kuti zotsatira zandale zidakonzedweratu.
Chotsatira cha zonsezi ndi chakuti makampani okopa alendo ndi akuluakulu ena amasankha ndondomeko za ndale ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zisankho zisankhe pakati pa ofuna kusankha omwe amasiyana makamaka momwe angasungire mwayi wapamwamba ndi ubwino wake. Anthu ambiri satenga nawo mbali pazachisankho ndipo mwa omwe atenga nawo mbali, ambiri alibe njira ina koma kukondera mobwerezabwereza choyipa chaching'ono.
Parpolity, kapena dongosolo lililonse labwino la ndale lomwe magulu angalimbikitse, adzafuna m'malo mwa capitalism chuma chomwe sichikweza ena ku maudindo apamwamba kuposa ena. Idzafunika chuma kuti chilowetse anthu onse m'malo otengapo mbali, kudziwongolera, kuyanjana, ndi mgwirizano kuti nzika zonse zikwaniritse zofunikira za gulu ndikusangalala ndi zomwe angathe.
Parpolity idzafunika ndikuthandizira kutulutsa nzika zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zofanana, zomwe zimakonda kutenga nawo mbali, komanso omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi mgwirizano - ndipo zomwezo zikhoza kunenedwa pa zosowa za parecon motsutsana ndi ndale.
Momwemonso ndondomeko yabwino idzafunika ndikuthandizira kutulutsa nzika zophunzitsidwa bwino kuti zitsogolere ndi kupindula poyendetsa zinthu zawo mogwirizana ndi thanzi labwino komanso kulemekeza zosowa ndi zotulukapo zosiyanasiyana - zomwe ndi zoona kwa aparecon.
Parecon ndi parpolity ndi, mwa mapangidwe, olandilidwa ogwirizana nawo m'magulu ochezera. Iwo ali ndi lingaliro lomwelo lofuna kupeza zotsatira zoyenera m'malo ogwirizana komanso osiyanasiyana, mothandizidwa ndi omwe akhudzidwa.
Ngati tiganiza za parpolity ndi parecon aliyense ngati mtundu wa chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe amatenga komanso kutumiza anthu atakhudza kuzindikira kwawo, zizolowezi, magawo akukwaniritsidwa, maluso, chidziwitso, luso, ndi zomwe amakonda, mwa kuyankhula kwina timaganiza za iwo ngati magawo awiri amtundu wa anthu omwe ali ndi mabungwe omwe amakhudza zosankha za anthu ndi zolengedwa, ndipo mosiyana, tikuwona kuti aliyense amafunikira ndikutulutsa zomwe mnzake amapereka ndi zosowa.
Ndipo ndithudi, chifukwa cha zofunikira zofanana zomwe aliyense amapereka kwa wina, ndizomveka kuti gulu ndi parecon zingagwirizane kuti zikhale "chuma cha ndale" chosawerengeka chomwe chimapereka mgwirizano, kusiyana, chilungamo / chilungamo, ndi kudzilamulira.
Zowonjezera: Njira za Parpolity ndi Ndale Masiku Ano
Cholinga chachikulu cha Parpolity pa ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu chikugwirizana ndi mbali ziwiri za kulimbikitsana - zomwe timafuna ndi momwe timadzipangira tokha. Pamene zokambirana zathu zazikulu za ndondomeko zikubwera mu gawo lotsatira la bukhuli, pano tiyeni titenge kamphindi kuti tipeze zizindikiro, chifukwa zingathandizenso kumveketsa bwino zomwe zanenedwa kale.
Kukhala ndi masomphenya andale kudzatiuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe tingafune pakadali pano. Ndiko kuti, titha kuyesa kupambana kusintha kwa maboma ndi ndale zomwe zikuwonetsa ndikusunthira kumalingaliro aparpolity. Izi zitha kuphatikizira njira zovota zomwe zangotsala pang'ono kutha, kuonjezeredwa kwa ma TV ndi mkangano, njira zatsopano zopangira mapologalamu akuluakulu osankhidwa ndi anthu, komanso kusintha kosamveka bwino pamaweruzo.
Pamene magulu akumenyera zofuna zotere pakali pano, njira ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimachokera ku masomphenya a ndale ziyenera kudziwitsa ntchito yawo. Choyamba, ayenera kuyesetsa kupeza kusintha kwa moyo wa anthu. Chachiwiri, ayenera kuyesetsa kusintha kuti anthu apindule kwambiri komanso kuti aziphunzitsa komanso kulimbikitsa anthu kuti azichita zimenezi.
Pa mbali zonse ziwiri, popenda mbali za masomphenya a ndale, tiyenera kuzindikira kusintha kwamasiku ano komwe kungapindulitse, kupatsa mphamvu, ndi kulimbikitsa anthu, komanso kukulitsa chikhumbo cha tsogolo la ndale lomwe tikufuna.
Koma tanthauzo lowonjezera la masomphenya a ndale pazochitika zomwe zikuchitika pano zikugwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Ngati tikufuna kuti ndale za mโtsogolo zikhale ndi mbali zina ndi katundu, ndithudi tiyenera kuyesetsa momwe tingathere kuphatikizira mbalizo ndi zinthuzo mโntchito zathu zamakono.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, magulu athu akuyenera, mwadongosolo ndi machitidwe awo amkati, kukweza mgwirizano, kusiyana, chilungamo, ndi kudzilamulira. Mikhalidwe yomwe timagwira ntchito masiku ano ndi yoponderezedwa m'njira zosiyana ndi za anthu amtsogolo. Tiyenera kulimbana ndi zigawenga zopondereza pozungulira ife. Komabe tanthauzo lalikulu la masomphenya a ndale ndilakuti posachedwapa komanso momwe tingathere tiyenera kuyesetsa kupanga magulu ogwirizana ndi magulu a anthu komanso kutenga nawo mbali komanso ngakhale magulu omwe ali ndi zisa kuti apange zisankho za bungwe.
Pamene masomphenya a ndale akukhala okakamiza kwambiri ndipo amagawidwa ndi anthu ambiri, njira zabwino zothetsera mikangano ya kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kapabubu ka kapanibumwemwemwemwemwe kapa kapame kapanganidwelingalingalinga hatirepange ndikwaniritsidwe kukhazikitsira ndondomeko zogawana zogawana, zoyendera zamalamulo, malamulo a kayendetsedwe ka malamulo, ndikufika pazosankha zamagulu, ziyenera kumveka bwino ndipo, pakapita nthawi, kukhala kosavuta kuphatikizira mkati mwathu. khama.
Ndiroleni ndipereke phunziro limodzi lokha. Nthawi zambiri, mayendedwe amasiku ano amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri. Amapangidwa molingana ndi nkhani imodzi ndipo amakhala ndi gulu lomwe limamenyera malipiro kapena chisamaliro chaumoyo kapena ufulu wa amayi wosankha, kapena cholinga china chilichonse. Kapena ndi migwirizano yopangidwa ndi mabungwe ambiri otere omwe amalumikizana kuti alimbikitse zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa momveka bwino. Zomwe mayendedwe athu amafuna kuti apindule mwapadera nthawi zambiri sizomwe zimakhala zotakata komanso zosiyana siyana za anthu omwe amalemekeza malingaliro osiyanasiyana omwe amagwirira ntchito limodzi mogwira mtima ngakhale pokondwerera kusiyana kwawo.
Kugawikana kwa kayendetsedwe kathu kukhala zoyesayesa za nkhani imodzi kapena migwirizano yomwe imakwirira kusiyana ndi zomwe zimabwera ndi kupita ndi zochitika zimangofanana pang'ono ndi anthu abwino kapena ndale. Sikuti m'tsogolomu sipadzakhala anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa imodzi kapena mabungwe omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kapena migwirizano yomwe imabwera ndi kutuluka m'mafashoni. Ndikuti chitaganya chabwino pachokha sichidzalekanitsa anthu ndi magulu m'madandaulo ang'onoang'ono. M'malo mwake, lidzakhala gulu lokhala ndi malingaliro ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana momwe tonsefe timalemekeza ndikuphatikiza zodetsa nkhawa za wina ndi mnzake muzoyesayesa zathu zonse zosunga mgwirizano.
Ngati gulu liyenera kukhala chizindikiro cha sukulu ya anthu atsopano, siliyenera kukhala la atomized ndi lopapatiza. M'malo mwake, iyenera kuphatikiza zosiyana, kuthana nazo, ndipo potero zidzipangitsa kukhala zamphamvu pang'onopang'ono.
Tiyerekeze kuti m'malo mongopanga migwirizano yomwe idapangidwa mozungulira mndandanda wopapatiza wa zomwe adagwirizana, mayendedwe ophatikizika, tinene, kapena mwina titha kuwatcha kuti gulu lachisinthiko, adapangidwanso. Izi zikhoza kukhala mgwirizano wa mabungwe onse, mapulojekiti, magulu ndi mamembala awo, ndipo mwinanso mamembala aliyense payekha, onse omwe amatsatira zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, zofunikira, ndi zikhalidwe za bungwe kuphatikizapo ndikuphatikiza zosiyana zambiri.
Gulu latsopanoli litenga utsogoleri wake pazambiri zomwe limayang'ana kwambiri kuchokera kwa mamembala ake omwe amayang'ana kwambiri - motero kuchokera kugulu la amayi pankhani ya jenda, kuchokera kumagulu akuda ndi a Latino okhudza mtundu, kuchokera ku gulu lodana ndi nkhondo lamtendere. nkhani zantchito ndi ogula pazachuma. M'malo moti dongosolo lonse limasuliridwe ndi gawo laling'ono lazofunikira zonse zamagulu onse omwe adagawana nawo, dongosolo lonselo lidzakhala chiwopsezo chazofunikira zonse zamagulu ake onse, zotsutsana ndi zonse, monga gulu. ndi. Kachitidwe katsopanoka kameneka kangakhaledi gulu latsopano la mluza. Mabungwe ake amkati ndi ntchito zake zitha kuwonetsa zokhumba zathu za gulu latsopano lomwe tikufuna, kuphatikiza kuphatikiza njira za bungwe la khonsolo, njira za zisankho, njira zolankhulirana, ndi zina zotero, za masomphenya athu andale.
Ngakhale kuti zambiri zikuyenera kunenedwa za izi, ndipo zidzanenedwa pambuyo pake m'buku lino, pakadali pano, chovuta kwambiri ndi chakuti pamene vuto la kulingalira bwino za ndale likupitirirabe, ndipo sitingathe kudziwa motsimikiza mpaka pano. Tikuyang'ananso zomwe tikuyenera kulimbikitsa ndale, komabe zikuwoneka kuti tingakhale ndi chidaliro chomveka kuti chuma chotenga nawo mbali chimabweretsa anthu ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ingathandizire chilungamo chandale ndikulemekeza zomwe anthu amafunikira, komanso kuchita zinthu mwachilungamo kumabweretsa anthu ndi mikhalidwe. zomwe zidzathandizira kumasulidwa kwachuma ndikulemekeza mosavuta zofunika zachuma. Nanga bwanji za ubale?
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