I was recently asked to do a short essay on “Engaging the State” for the innovative new Left Turn Magazine. My submission appears below…
Kulowetsa Boma - Lero ndi Mawa
Wolemba Michael Albert
Kuti agwirizane ndi boma ayenera kuyankha mafunso awiri ofunika kwambiri. Kodi tsopano tikufuna chiyani? Tidzafuna chiyani pambuyo pake?
Pakali pano, tikufuna kusintha kwa miyoyo ya anthu kuyambira kuletsa nkhondo ndi kudalirana kwa makampani, kupititsa patsogolo malamulo a chisankho, kupambana ndi kuvomereza, kugawanso ndalama, kuwongolera bajeti ya boma, ndi kupambana kwa malamulo abwino a ntchito.
Kuti tipambane izi, tidzayenera kupanga mayendedwe omwe amakweza ndalama zokwanira zamagulu kotero kuti osankhika asakhalenso ndi mwayi wina koma kugonjera zomwe tikufuna. Koma kupambana zigoli zazifupi sikuyenera kukhala cholinga chathu chokha. Tisamenyeretu kupindula pang'ono lero kuti tipite kwathu mawa. Tiyenera kumenyera kuti tipindule pang'ono lero kuti tipitirire kupindula zambiri mawa.
Pankhani ya ndale, m'tsogolomu tikufuna kukwaniritsa malamulo a chikhalidwe, kuweruza mikangano, ndi kukhazikitsa mapulojekiti ogwirizana ndi mfundo zofunika.
Stephen Shalom, mwa ena, adagwira ntchito yofotokoza masomphenya a ndale mu ndale yogwirizana, kapena parpolity mwachidule. Akunena kuti ndale zabwino ziyenera kubweretsa mgwirizano osati zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndipo ziyenera kuyamikira ndikupanga zosiyana m'malo mosankha zosankha. Chilungamo ndi chinthu china chapakati pa ndale Shalom akugogomezera, kuthana ndi kugawidwa kwa ufulu ndi maudindo, kuphatikizapo kukonzanso kuphwanya kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso kudzilamulira ndi mtengo wake wachinayi wotsogolera. Aliyense wochita sewero mdera akuyenera kukhudza zisankho molingana ndi momwe zimakhudzidwira nazo.
Pamalamulo Shalom amalimbikitsa "makhonsolo okhala ndi zisa" pomwe "makhonsolo apamwamba adzaphatikiza wamkulu aliyense mdera. Chiŵerengero cha mamembala m’makhonsolo akuluakulu ameneŵa [mwinamwake] angakhale pakati pa 25 ndi 50.”
Everyone is in one of these basic political units situated where people live. Some folks are elected to higher level councils as well since “each primary-level council will choose a delegate to a second-level council” where “each second-level council [would again] be composed of 25-50 delegates.” And this would proceed again, for another layer, and another, “until there is one single top-level council for the entire society.”
Nthumwi za ku khonsolo iliyonse yapamwamba “zikanaimbidwa mlandu woyesa kusonyeza malingaliro enieni a bungwe limene anachokerako.” Kumbali ina, “sanauzidwe kuti ‘umu ndi mmene muyenera kuvota,’ chifukwa akanakhala kuti anali pabwalo lalikulu limene anali kupitako silikanakhala bungwe lokambirana.”
Shalom suggests that “the number of members on each council should be determined on the basis of a society-wide decision … to [be] small enough to guarantee that people can be involved in deliberative … face-to-face discussions; but big enough so that (1) there is adequate diversity included; and (2) the number of layers of councils … is minimized.”
M'makhonsolo okambirana ndi aboma kuvotera pazikhalidwe ndi magulu agulu kumachitika. Pakapita nthawi komanso kufunikira kwa zinthu zinazake, makonsolo amadzipangira okha zisankho. Kuphatikizika kwenikweni kwa mavoti m'munsi ndi makhonsolo apamwamba komanso njira zowonetsera, kukangana, ndi kuwerengera malingaliro omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kudziwongolera zidzachokera m'machitidwe. Koma mwatsatanetsatane, mu ndale zabwino Shalom akuti nthambi yamalamulo idzamangidwa pamasom'pamaso ndi makhonsolo omwe ali ndi malingaliro omasuka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotumizirana zidziwitso, kukangana, ndi kuwerengera zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupereka mwayi kwa onse omwe azidzilamulira okha pazosankha zomwe zimawakhudza. .
Nanga bwanji za ntchito zazikulu? Ganizirani za kutumiza makalata, kapena kufufuza ndi kuyesa kuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda, kapena kuganizira ntchito zoteteza chilengedwe.
Zonsezi zimaphatikizapo kupanga ndi kugawa zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe azachuma, kuphatikiza, m'magulu abwino, ntchito zofananira kuti zithetse kugawikana kwamagulu, kulipira chifukwa cha khama komanso kudzipereka kuti apeze malipiro oyenera, komanso kupanga zisankho zogawana kuti akwaniritse kudziwongolera. Positi ofesi yotumiza makalata ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi fakitale yopangira njinga, komanso malo owongolera matenda ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi chipatala chodziwika bwino, momwemonso bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency ndi bungwe lofufuza.
Koma m’lingaliro lina mabungwe andale atatuwa ndi osiyana ndi anzawo a zachuma. Post Office, CDC, ndi EPA imagwira ntchito movomerezeka ndi apolisi kuti azigwira ntchito zomwe andale amalamula. Mabungwe awiri omalizawa ali ndi ulamuliro pandale kuti afufuze ndikuwongolera ena pomwe magulu azachuma alibe ufulu ndi udindo wotere.
Chifukwa chake nthambi yayikulu imakhazikitsa ntchito zolamulidwa ndi ndale zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiridwa ndi makonda achuma chabwino, ngakhale ndi ndale zomwe zimafotokozera zolinga zawo ndikupereka mphamvu zowonjezera.
Mwachiwonekere njira zomwe nthambi yoyang'anira idzalamulira ndikukhazikitsa zolinga zake zingakhale mavoti a khonsolo ya nthambi zamalamulo, komanso mabungwe ngati CDC, ndi zina zotero.
Nanga bwalo lamilandu? Monga momwe Shalom akunenera, “Nthawi zambiri makhoti amayang’anizana ndi mitundu itatu ya nkhaŵa: kubwereza makhoti (kodi malamulowo ali olungama?), chilungamo chaupandu (kodi pali anthu enaake amene anaswa malamulowo?), ndi chiweruzo cha anthu (motani mmene mikangano pakati pa anthu imathetsedwa?).”
Chodetsa nkhawa choyamba, Shalom amapereka makhothi mochulukirapo kapena mochepera monga momwe khothi lalikulu limagwirira ntchito pano, ndi magulu am'makhonsolo omwe amaweruza mikangano pazisankho za khonsolo. Kodi iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri kapena ndiyokhayo ndipo ingagwire ntchito mogwirizana ndi kudziwongolera nokha? Sindikudziwa. Ndithudi, m’pofunika kuganiziridwa mosamala kwambiri.
Pachiweruzo chachiwiri ndi chachitatu, kuphatikizapo milandu yachigawenga komanso kuweruza anthu, Shalom akupereka dongosolo lamilandu modzichepetsa kusiyana ndi zomwe tili nazo tsopano kuphatikizapo apolisi omwe ali ndi ntchito zoyenerera, malipiro chifukwa cha khama ndi kudzipereka, ndi zina zotero.
Pankhani ya kukhala ndi apolisi-zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwa anthu ambiri kuposa nkhani za makhothi, ndi zina zotero.-Sindikuwona vuto lililonse lomwe silingatheke. Padzakhala umbanda pakati pa anthu abwino, nthawi zina zachiwawa komanso zoipa kwambiri, ndipo kufufuza ndi kulanda olakwa kudzakhala nkhani zazikulu zomwe zimafuna luso lapadera. Zikuwoneka kuti anthu ena adzachita ntchito yotereyi ndi malamulo apadera kuti awonetsetse kuti azichita bwino komanso mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, monga momwe anthu ena amathera nthawi yawo ya ntchito akuwulutsa ndege kapena kugwira ntchito zina zovuta ndi zovuta ndi malamulo apadera oyang'anira. zochita zawo chifukwa anachita bwino.
Zoonadi, m’chitaganya chabwino zifukwa zambiri zaupandu zatha ndipo mwachiwonekere upandu udzakhala wocheperapo kuposa tsopano, koma zimenezo sizikutanthauza kuti sipadzakhala upandu nkomwe. Ndipo lingaliro lakuti ntchito yaupolisi ingakhoze kuchitidwa ndi antchito odzifunira ilibe nzeru kuposa kunena kuti ndege zowuluka zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi antchito ongodzipereka. Imanyalanyaza kuti upolisi wofunikira umakhudza maluso apadera ofunikira maphunziro kuti apewe kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika udindo wa apolisi. Ndipo imawonjezera kuopsa kwa apolisi omwe ali ndi ntchito yapadera, kuiwala kuti ali ndi chuma chabwino ali ndi ntchito zabwino, malipiro ochita khama ndi kudzipereka, ndi njira zodzipangira okha zisankho, komanso zolepheretsa zamagulu onse pamodzi kuchepetsa mwayi wochuluka, kukweza, kapena kuphwanya malamulo, monga momwe oyendetsa ndege amachitira, kapena madokotala, ndi zina zotero.
Si gawo la apolisi, chifukwa chake, koma makhothi ndi oyimira milandu ndi oweruza ndi gawo la masomphenya omwe ndimadzipeza kuti sindikudziwa.
Kumbali imodzi chitsanzo cha oyimira milandu chalamulo chimamveka. Sitikufuna kuti anthu azidzitchinjiriza kuti amene amachita bwino apindule kwambiri ndi amene sali. Tikufuna maloya ophunzitsidwa bwino ndi ozenga milandu omwe akupezeka kwa onse omwe amatsutsana. Tikufunanso kuti olimbikitsa awa ayesetse. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo lamulo loti ozenga milandu ndi oimira milandu akuyenera kufunafuna chigamulo chabwino mosasamala kanthu kuti amadziwa kulakwa kapena kusalakwa kwa woimbidwa mlanduyo ndipo mwa njira iliyonse yomwe angapereke chifukwa izi zidzapereka mwayi waukulu wa zotsatira zoona. zimandichititsa chidwi ngati lamulo loti wochita zachuma aliyense azifunafuna kudzikonda payekha chifukwa izi zidzabweretsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Koma ponena za momwe ndingasinthire kuphatikiza kwa makhothi, oweruza, oweruza, ndi kuimira mwaukali, ndiribe malingaliro abwino.
Monga momwe masomphenya a ndale alipo, mwina kukonzedwa bwino kwa parpolity monga momwe Shalom anafotokozera, zikuyenera kukhala ndi tanthauzo lanji pazandale zamasiku ano, kutanthauza kuchita nawo boma?
The main implication will bear on two dimensions of activism—(1) what we demand and (2) how we organize ourselves.
Pazimene timafuna, kukhala ndi masomphenya andale kudzatiuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe tingafune pakalipano. Ndiye kuti, tiyenera kuyesetsa kupambana kusintha kwa ndale zomwe zikuwonetsa ndikupita ku masomphenya athu andale. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuthamangitsidwa kuvota, kuwonjezereka kwa ma TV ndi mikangano, kukhazikitsa mapologalamu kuphatikizapo kuyang'anira kayendetsedwe ka boma, ndi kusintha kwa makhoti omwe sindikudziwa momwe ndingachitire.
Pankhani yokonzekera, pamene mayendedwe akumenyera kusintha, njira ziwiri zazikuluzikulu ziyenera kudziwitsa zolinga. Choyamba, tiyenera kuyesetsa kupeza kusintha kwa moyo wa anthu. Chachiwiri, komabe, tiyenera kuyesetsa kupambana kupatsa mphamvu anthu kuti apeze phindu lochulukirapo komanso kulimbikitsa anthu kutero.
Pa mbali zonse ziwiri, masomphenya a ndale ayenera kutithandiza kuzindikira kusintha kwamasiku ano komwe kungapindulitse, kupatsa mphamvu, ndi kulimbikitsa anthu, kulinga ku tsogolo la ndale lomwe tikufuna.
Koma tanthauzo lalikulu lachiwiri la masomphenya a ndale pazochitika zapano ndi zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Ngati tikufuna kuti ndale zam'tsogolo zikhale ndi katundu wina, ndithudi tiyenera kuyesa ndikuphatikiza zinthuzo muzoyesayesa zathu zamakono, momwe tingathere.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, magulu athu ayenera kuphatikiza mgwirizano, kusiyana, chilungamo, ndi kudzilamulira tokha. Mikhalidwe yomwe timagwira ntchito masiku ano ndi yovuta ndipo mosiyana ndi anthu amtsogolo, ndithudi. Komabe, tanthauzo la masomphenya a ndale ndikuti tiyenera kupanga magulu motengera momwe anthu amayambira udzu komanso kutenga nawo mbali, ngakhalenso pamagulu odzilamulira okha kuti apange zisankho, momwe tingathere.
Pamene masomphenya a ndale akukhala omveka bwino, zotsatira zake za momwe angakhazikitsire ndondomeko zogawana nawo, kuweruza mikangano ya kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kakhale komveka bwino ndipo, pakapita nthawi, kungathe kuphatikizidwa muzoyesayesa zathu.
Ndiroleni ndipereke phunziro limodzi lokha. Kawirikawiri, mayendedwe amasiku ano amagawika m'mayesero amodzi omwe amabwera ndikupita ndi zochitika. Koma ngati gulu likufuna kupanga gulu latsopano, ndiye kuti siliyenera kukhala lokhazikika monga momwe mayendedwe athu alili - koma liyenera kuphatikiza kusiyana ndi kuthana nazo ngati kuli kofunikira, ndipo potero likhale lamphamvu kwambiri.
Tiyerekeze kuti m'malo mopanga migwirizano yomwe idakonzedwa motsatira mndandanda wa zochapira wamba zomwe mwagwirizana, gulu lonse la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kanapangidwa. Izi zitha kukhala mgwirizano wa mabungwe onse, mapulojekiti, magulu, ndi mamembala awo, ndipo mwinanso mamembala aliyense payekhapayekha, omwe amatsatira zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri komanso zikhalidwe komanso zikhalidwe zamabungwe, kuphatikiza ndikuphatikiza zosiyana zambiri.
Kusunthaku kungatenge utsogoleri wake pazinthu zina zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri kuchokera kwa omwe akuchita nawo gawoli - kuchokera ku gulu la amayi pankhani ya jenda, kuchokera kumagulu akuda ndi a Latino okhudza mtundu, kuchokera ku gulu lodana ndi nkhondo lamtendere, kuchokera kuntchito. ndi mayendedwe azachuma pankhani zachuma, ndi zina zotero. Zonse zikanakhala chiwerengero chonse cha magulu ake onse, zotsutsana ndi zonse (monga momwe gulu liliri).
Kusuntha uku kukanakhala gulu latsopano mu mluza. Mabungwe ake amkati ndi ntchito zake zitha kuphatikiza bungwe la khonsolo ndi kudziwongolera. Kwa projekiti yamtunduwu, kuchita ndi boma sikungatanthauze kuthetsa ndale pa se imodzi, kapena kulanda ndale zomwe zilipo. Zingatanthauze kupanga ndale zatsopano, mwa zina mwa kusintha zomwe zili ndi zina pomanga maziko a zomwe zidzakhale.
Njira ya ndale yotereyi, pamodzi ndi zachuma, zaubale, chikhalidwe, zachilengedwe, ndi chikhalidwe cha mayiko omwe ali ofanana ndi zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano ndi cholinga cha tsogolo lofunika, m'malingaliro mwanga, angapindule zonse zomwe zikuchitika mwamsanga komanso kusintha kwanthawi yaitali kwa kusintha kwa nyengo. njira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Izi zikulozera mbali zina zofunika, ndikukhulupirira, za njira yabwino yolumikizirana ndi boma, komanso zachuma, chikhalidwe, jenda, chilengedwe, ndi ubale wapadziko lonse lapansi.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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