Puna: Independent Media Institute
He ʻumikūmāono mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ʻAmelika iā Iraq, ʻike ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika he kaua kūʻokoʻa ia e pili ana i ka wahaheʻe e pili ana i nā "mea kaua luku nui." Akā, ke hoʻoweliweli nei ko mākou aupuni e huki iā mākou i ke kaua ma Iran me kahi "wahaheʻe nui" e pili ana i kahi papahana mea kaua nuklea ʻole, e pili ana i ka naʻauao politika mai nā hui CIA like i ulana i kahi pūnaewele o ka wahaheʻe e hōʻoia i ka US. ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana iā Iraq i ka makahiki 2003.
I ka makahiki 2002-3, ua hoʻomau hou nā luna o ka US a me nā pūʻulu pāpāʻāina ʻo Iraq i kahi mea kaua o nā mea luku nui i hoʻoweliweli nui i ka honua. Ua hana ka CIA i nā reams o ka ʻike wahaheʻe e kākoʻo i ka neʻe ʻana i ke kaua, a ua koho ʻo cherry i nā moʻolelo hoʻopunipuni hoʻopunipuni loa no ke Kākauʻolelo o ka Mokuʻāina. ʻO Colin Powell e hōʻike aku i ka UN Security Council ma Pepeluali 5, 2003. Ma Dekemaba 2002, ʻo Alan Foley, ke poʻo o ka CIA's Weapons Intelligence, Nonproliferation and Arms Control Center (WINPAC), hai i kona limahana, "Inā makemake ka pelekikena e hele i ke kaua, ʻo kā mākou hana i ka ʻike i ka naʻauao e ʻae ai iā ia e hana pēlā."
Ua kōkua ʻo Paul Pillar, he luna CIA ʻo ia ka National Intelligence Officer for the Near East and South Asia, e hoʻomākaukau i kahi 25-ʻaoʻao palapala i hāʻawi ʻia i nā lālā o ka ʻAhaʻōlelo ma ke ʻano he "summary" o kahi National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) ma Iraq. Akā ua kākau ʻia ka palapala i mau mahina ma mua o ka NIE ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e hōʻuluʻulu a loaʻa i nā koi maikaʻi ʻole i loaʻa ma kahi o ka NIE, e like me ka ʻike ʻana o ka CIA i nā kahua kikoʻī 550 ma Iraq kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā mea kaua a me nā mea ola. Heluhelu ka hapa nui o nā lālā i kēia hōʻuluʻulu hoʻopunipuni, ʻaʻole ka NIE maoli, a koho makapō no ke kaua. E like me Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Pillar ma hope i PBS's Ka mua, "ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻoikaika i ka hihia o ka hele ʻana i ke kaua me ka lehulehu ʻAmelika. He mea pono anei i ka hui naauao ke hoopuka i na pepa no ia mea? ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo pēlā, a ke mihi nei au i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kuleana i kēlā. "
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo WINPAC i ka makahiki 2001 e pani i ka CIA's Nonproliferation Center a i ʻole NPC (1991-2001), kahi i hōʻiliʻili ai nā limahana o 100 CIA i nā hōʻike hōʻike no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kaua nuklea, kemika a me nā mea ola ola e kākoʻo i ke kaua ʻike US, nā hoʻopaʻi a me nā kulekele hoʻololi aupuni. kūʻē iā Iraq, Iran, North Korea, Libya a me nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika.
Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo WINPAC i ka satelite, nā mākaʻikaʻi uila a me nā pūnaewele kiu honua o ʻAmelika e hana i nā mea e hānai ai i nā keʻena e like me ka United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM); ka United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC); ka Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW); a me ka International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻole ʻana o nā mea kaua nuklea, kemika a me nā mea ola. Ua mālama nā mea a ka CIA i nā mea nānā a me nā mea loiloi o kēia mau keʻena me kahi kahawai pau ʻole o nā palapala, nā kiʻi kiʻi satellite a me nā koi a nā pio no kahi kokoke i 30 mau makahiki. Akā, ʻoiai ua luku ʻo Iraq i kāna mau mea kaua āpau i ka makahiki 1991, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā lākou nā hōʻike hōʻoia i hana ʻo Iraq a i Iran paha i nā hana e loaʻa ai nā mea kaua nuklea, kemika a i ʻole nā mea ola.
Ua haʻi aku ʻo UNMOVIC a me ka IAEA i ka UN Security Council ma 2002-3 ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i kahi hōʻike e kākoʻo ai i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopiʻi a US no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kaua ma Iraq. Ua hōʻike ka Luna Hoʻokele Nui o IAEA Mohamed ElBaradei i ka CIA Kālā puaʻa Niger palapala e like me ka hoʻopunipuni i loko o kahi mea o nā hola. Ua hoʻokō ʻo ElBaradei i ke kūʻokoʻa a me ke kūlike ʻole o kāna ʻoihana i ka mahalo o ka honua, a ua hāʻawi pū ʻia ʻo ia a me kāna ʻoihana i ka No ka Nobel Peace Prize ma 2005.
Kaawale mai nā mea hoʻopukapuka pololei a me ka hana pono ʻole i nā hōʻike mai nā hui pio e like me Ahmad Chalabi's Ke Kūkāʻāina ʻIlā Iraqi (INC) a me ka Iranian Mojahedin-e Khalq (MEK), ka hapa nui o nā mea a ka CIA a me nā mea kōkua i hāʻawi aku i nā ʻoihana UN i pili i ka ʻenehana hoʻohana pālua, i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā papahana mea pāpā pāpā ʻia akā loaʻa nā hoʻohana kūpono ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hana nui a ka IAEA hana ma ʻIrana e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o kēlā me kēia mea no ka hana maluhia a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kaua ma mua o ka papahana kaua mea kaua. Akā e like me ʻIraka, ʻo ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka hōʻoia ʻole, hōʻike ʻole paʻa ʻole o kahi papahana mea kaua nukleila i lilo i mea kaua politika e hoʻohuli i ka pāpāho a me ka lehulehu e pono ana kekahi mea paʻa ma hope o ka uahi a me nā aniani.
No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 1990, ka CIA "hoomaka ke keakea nā leka uila mai ke Kulanui ʻo Sharif ma Tehran" a me Iran's Physics Research Center e pili ana i "kauoha no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe apo, ka fluoride a me ka fluoride-handling equipment, ka mīkini kaulike, ka spectrometer mass a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, "hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka uranium. No nā makahiki he 17 e hiki mai ana, ua manaʻo ka CIA's NPC a me WINPAC i kēia mau telex e like me kekahi o kā lākou hōʻike ikaika loa o kahi papahana mea kaua nuklea huna ma Iran, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia e nā luna nui o ʻAmelika. ʻAʻole a hiki i ka makahiki 2007-8 i ʻimi hope ai ke aupuni Iranian i kēia mau mea āpau ma ke Kulanui ʻo Sharif, a ua hiki i nā mea nānā IAEA ke nānā. e kipa aku i ke kulanui a hōʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka noiʻi a me ka aʻo ʻana, e like me kā Iran i haʻi ai iā lākou.
Ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ʻAmelika iā Iraq i ka makahiki 2003, ua hoʻomau ka hana a ka IAEA ma Iran, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia alakaʻi i hāʻawi ʻia e CIA a me kāna mau hoa pili i hōʻike ʻia he mea hana ʻole, hewa ʻole a i ʻole ka manaʻo. I ka makahiki 2007, ua paʻi nā keʻena naʻauao o ʻAmelika i kahi National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) hou ma Iran, kahi i ʻae ai lākou ʻaʻohe papahana nuklea ikaika o Iran. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka 2007 NIE He ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi ia i ka pale ʻana i ke kaua US ma Iran. E like me kā George W. Bush i kākau ai ma kāna mau memo, "… Ma hope o ka NIE, pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke wehewehe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūʻali koa e luku i nā wahi nukelea o kahi ʻāina i ʻōlelo ʻia e ke kaiāulu ʻike ʻaʻohe o lākou papahana nukelea hana."
Akā ʻoiai ka nele o ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole o ka hōʻike, hōʻole ka CIA e hoʻololi i ka "loiloi" mai kāna 2001 a me 2005 NIE i loaʻa paha iā Iran kahi papahana mea kaua nukelea ma mua o ka makahiki 2003. Ua wehe kēia i ka puka no ka hoʻomau o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi WMD, nā nānā. a me nā hoʻopaʻi e like me nā mea kaua politika ikaika i ke aupuni o ka US hoʻololi i ke kulekele iā ʻIrana.
Ma 2007, UNMOVIC i paʻi a Hoʻohui a i ʻole ka hōʻike hope loa e pili ana i nā haʻawina i aʻo ʻia mai ka pilikia ma ʻIraka. ʻO kekahi haʻawina nui, ʻo ia, "ʻO ke kūʻokoʻa piha kahi mea e pono ai no kahi ʻoihana nānā UN," i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ai ke kaʻina hana, "no ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā papa ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao i nānā ʻia i kahi kūlana mau o ka nāwaliwali." ʻO kekahi haʻawina nui ʻē aʻe, "ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole kahi meaʻai no ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i nā pilikia a me nā loiloi pau ʻole."
The 2005 ʻO ke Komikina ʻo Robb-Silberman no ka hiki ʻole o ka ʻike naʻauao o ʻAmelika i Iraq i nā hopena like loa, e like me kēlā, "… aole Loaʻa i nā polokalamu WMD ikaika ma mua o ka koi ʻana i ka hōʻoia hōʻoia o ko lākou ola ʻana. ʻOiai ʻo U.S. pili ʻO ke kūlana ʻo Iraq ke kuleana e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia i pāpā i nā papahana mea kaua, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka Community Intelligence Community. … Ma ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka ukana hōʻike kiʻekiʻe loa, ua hoʻohuli maoli nā mea loiloi i ke kaʻina hana analytical no ka hōʻoia ʻana i kā lākou kuhiakau mua—ua loaʻa iā Iraq nā polokalamu WMD ikaika.
I kāna hana ma Iran, ua hoʻomau ka CIA i ka hōʻiliʻili hewa a me nā hana i hōʻike ʻia e ka UNMOVIC Compendium a me ka hōʻike Robb-Silberman e pili ana iā ʻIraka. Ke hoʻomau nei ke kaomi e hana i ka ʻike politika i kākoʻo i nā kūlana kulekele o US no ka mea ʻo ia ka kuleana kīnā ke pāʻani nei nā ʻoihana ʻikepili a US i ke kulekele US, kiu i ma na aupuni e ae, hāmeʻa ʻōleʻa, hoʻoololei nā ʻāina a me ka hana ʻana i ka ʻike politika a me ka mea i hana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā kaua no ke kaua.
Hāʻawi ka ʻoihana naʻauao aupuni kūpono i ka nānā ʻana i ka naʻauao kūpono e hiki ai i nā mea hana kulekele ke hoʻohana i kumu no nā hoʻoholo kulekele kūpono. Akā, e like me ka UNMOVIC Compendium i hōʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole pono ke aupuni US i ka hana ʻino i ka manaʻo o ka naʻauao a me ka mana o nā hui honua e like me ka IAEA e "kākoʻo nā papahana ʻē aʻe," ʻo ia hoʻi kona makemake e hoʻololi i ke aupuni ma nā ʻāina a puni ka honua.
Ua loaʻa i ka US "mea hana'ē aʻe" ma Iran kahi hoa waiwai i ka wā i haʻalele ai ʻo Mohamed ElBaradei mai ka IAEA ma 2009, a ua pani ʻia e Yukiya Amano mai Iapana. A ʻOihana kelepona o ka moku'āina mai Iulai 10, 2009, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e WikiLeaks ua wehewehe ʻo Mr. Amano ma ke ʻano he "hoa ikaika" i ka US ma muli o "ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hui ʻana ma waena o kāna mau mea nui a me kā mākou papahana ponoʻī ma ka IAEA." Ua manaʻo ka memo e hoʻāʻo ʻo ʻAmelika e "hoʻohālikelike i ka noʻonoʻo o Amano ma mua o ka hui ʻana o kāna papahana me ka IAEA Secretariat bureaucracy." ʻO Geoffrey Pyatt ka mea kākau o ka memo, ka mea i loaʻa ma hope o ka kaulana o ka honua ma ke ʻano he ʻelele US i Ukraine i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi leaked. puʻuwai leo ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka kudala 2014 ma Ukraine me ke Kākau'ōlelo kōkua o Victoria Nuland.
Ua hoʻopau ke aupuni Obama i kāna wā mua e hahai ana i kahi kū ʻole "Pālua-ala" hoʻokokoke i ʻO ʻIrana, kahi i hoʻohiolo ʻia ai kāna diplomacy e ka mea nui i hāʻawi ʻia i kāna ala like o ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻi o UN. I ka manawa i hōʻike aku ai ʻo Brazil a me Turkey iā ʻIrana i ke kuhi o kahi hana nukelea a ka US i noi ai, ua ʻae koke ʻo ʻIraka iā ia. Akā ua hōʻole ka US i ka mea i hoʻomaka ma ke ʻano he noi a US no ka mea, i kēlā manawa, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ia i kāna mau hana e hoʻohuli i ka UN Security Council e kau i ka hoʻopaʻi koʻikoʻi ma luna o Iran.
Ma ke ʻano he luna ʻoihana mokuʻāina kiʻekiʻe haʻiʻia ka mea kākau ʻo Trita Parsi, ʻo ka pilikia maoli ʻo ka US "ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe i ka 'ʻae' no ka pane." Ma ke kau ʻelua wale nō o Obama, ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o John Kerry iā Hillary Clinton ma ke ʻano he kākau ʻōlelo no ka mokuʻāina, ua lawe ʻo ʻAmelika i ka "ʻae" no ka pane, e alakaʻi ana i ka Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) ma waena o Iran, ka US a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā mana nui ma 2015. No laila,ʻaʻole i kākoʻoʻia e ka US ka mea i lawe mai iā Iran i ka papaʻaina, akā,ʻo ka hāʻuleʻole o nā hoʻopaʻi i lawe mai i ka US i ka papaʻaina.
ʻO 2015, ua hoʻopau ka IAEA i kāna hana ma luna "Nā hihia kūʻokoʻa" e pili ana i nā hana nuklea i hala a Iran. Ma kēlā me kēia hihia kūikawā o ka noiʻi hoʻohana ʻelua a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻenehana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka IAEA kahi hōʻoia e pili ana lākou i nā mea kaua nuklea ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka pūʻali koa a i ʻole ka hoʻohana kīwila. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Amano a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka US, ʻo ka IAEA "e loiloi [d]" "ua hana ʻia nā ʻano hana e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mea pahū nuklea ma Iran ma mua o ka hopena o 2003," akā "ʻaʻole i hana kēia mau hana. ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hiki a me nā noiʻi ʻepekema, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau mākaukau ʻenehana kūpono a me nā hiki.
He kākoʻo ākea ka JCPOA ma Wakinekona. Akā ʻo ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa kālaiʻāina ʻo US no ka JCPOA ʻaʻole i nānā pono i nā hopena maoli o ka hana a ka IAEA ma Iran, ka hana hoʻopunipuni a ka CIA i loko o ia mea a me ka nui o ka CIA i hoʻohuli ai i nā manaʻo pilikino, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā manaʻo mua, nā hoʻopunipuni, ka hoʻopunipuni. a me ka palaho e "nā papahana ʻē aʻe" i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoponopono ʻia i mea e pale ai i ka hana hou ʻana o ka WMD fiasco ma Iraka.
Ke ʻōlelo nei ka poʻe kālai'āina e kākoʻo ana i ka JCPOA i kēia manawa ua hoʻōki ʻo Iran mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea kaua nuklea, aʻo ka poʻe e kūʻē nei i ka JCPOA e ʻōlelo ana e ʻae ia iā Iran e loaʻa iā lākou. Ua hewa lāua ʻelua no ka mea, e like me ka IAEA i hoʻopau ai a ʻoiai ʻo Pelekikena Bush i ʻae, ʻaʻohe Iran i kahi papahana nuklea ikaika. ʻO ka mea ʻino loa i hiki i ka IAEA ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia paha ua hana ʻo Iran i kekahi noiʻi e pili ana i nā mea kaua nuklea i kekahi manawa ma mua o 2003-akā, a laila, ʻaʻole paha.
Ua kākau ʻo Mohamed ElBaradei i kāna memoir, ʻO ka makahiki o ka hoʻopunipuni:ʻO ke Kauka Nuclear Drum in Times Treachers, ʻo ia, inā i alakaʻi ʻo Iran i nā noiʻi nīnū kaua ʻole i ka ʻoihana kaua, ua maopopo ka manawa i ka wā o ka Kaua Iran-Iraq, i pau i ka makahiki 1988, i ka manawa a US a me kona mau hoa ua kōkua iā Iraq e luku aku i 100,000 mau Iranians me nā mea kaua kemika. Inā pololei nā kānalua a ElBaradei, ʻo ka pilikia o ʻIrani mai ia manawa ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻae i kēlā hana i nā makahiki 1980 me ka kū ʻole ʻana i ka hilinaʻi nui a me ka inaina mai ka US a me kāna mau mea kōkua, a ke makaʻu nei i kahi hopena like me ʻIraka.
Me ka hopohopo ʻole e pili ana i nā hana a ʻIrani i nā makahiki 1980, ua hōʻeha ka hana a ka US iā ʻIraka i ka i nā haʻawina koʻikoʻi loa Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā luna o US a me UN e aʻo mai ka fiasco ma luna o ʻIraka. Ua hoʻohana ka CIA i kāna mau manaʻo kānalua ʻole e pili ana i nā mea kaua nukelea i ʻIrani ma ke ʻano he mau ʻōlelo kākoʻo e "kākoʻo i nā papahana ʻē aʻe" a "mālama i ka ʻaoʻao i nānā ʻia i kahi kūlana mau o ka nāwaliwali," e like me ka Hoʻohui like UNMOVIC ua ʻōlelo lūlū ʻole hou e hana hou i kekahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Ma Iran e like me Iraq, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia i ka rula kū ʻole i ka hewa kīʻaha, ma lalo o nā tausani o nā keiki e make nei mai nā maʻi i hiki ke pale ʻia a me ka hōʻemi kino ʻole, a me nā hoʻoweliweli o kekahi kaua US ʻē aʻe ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka Hikina Waena a me ka honua i kahi haunaele ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka CIA i ʻenekia kūʻē iā ʻIraka.
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