Wani abu yana faruwa a Spain. Jam'iyyar da ba ta wanzu shekara guda da ta wuce, Podemos, mai tsarin jam'iyyar hagu, za ta samu isassun kuri'u don samun rinjaye a majalisar dokokin Spain idan aka gudanar da zabe a yau. A halin da ake ciki, shugabannin kungiyar G-20 dake halartar taronsu na shekara-shekara a kasar Australia suna taya shugaban gwamnatin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya-Neoliberal na kasar Spain, Mr. Mariano Rajoy, murnar manufofin da gwamnatinsa ta sanya. (Na yi amfani da kalmar “an ɗora” domin babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan manufofin da aka rubuta a cikin shirinta na zaɓe.) Waɗannan sun haɗa da: (1) mafi girman rage kashe kudaden jama'a (rasar da jihar jin daɗin da ba ta da kuɗaɗe ta Spain) da aka taɓa gani tun lokacin da aka kafa dimokiradiyya a Spain a cikin 1978 da (2) da mafi tsananin gyare-gyaren aiki, wadanda suka tabarbare yanayin kasuwar aiki. Albashi ya ragu da kashi 10% tun lokacin da aka fara babban koma bayan tattalin arziki a shekarar 2007, kuma rashin aikin yi ya kai wani tarihi na 26% (52% a tsakanin matasa). Yawan adadin abin da ƙungiyoyin kwadagon suka ayyana a matsayin "aikin banza" (aiki na wucin gadi, aiki mai wuyar gaske) ya karu, ya zama mafi yawan sabbin kwangila a cikin kasuwar aiki (fiye da 52% na duk kwangilar), kuma 66% na marasa aikin yi ba sa aiki. suna da kowane nau'i na inshorar rashin aikin yi ko taimakon jama'a.
Wadannan matakan sun haifar da babbar matsala na rashin bukatar cikin gida, babban dalilin da ya haifar da koma bayan tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci. A baya-bayan nan ne aka samu karancin ci gaba, musamman saboda raguwar farashin man fetur, da rage darajar kudin Yuro, da kuma alkawarin da babban bankin Turai (ECB) ya yi na sayen lamuni na jama'a. Gwamnatin Spain ba ta da wata alaka da ko daya daga cikin wadannan al'amura, ko da yake ta yi iƙirarin a yanzu cewa ɗan gajeren murmurewa ya samo asali ne daga manufofinta na neman sassaucin ra'ayi.
Ƙungiyoyin Tarayyar Turai (EU) (Majalisar Turai, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, da ECB) da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya ne suka inganta waɗannan manufofin neoliberal. An gudanar da su a Spain tare da goyon baya da ƙarfafawa na kudi, manyan kasuwancin kasuwanci, da kayan aikin su na siyasa, Popular Party (PP), yanzu a cikin gwamnati. Da alama cewa hannun dama a Spain yana samun abin da yake so koyaushe: rage yawan albashi da raunana kariya ta zamantakewa tare da rushe jihar jin dadi. Wadancan manufofin sune manyan kasashen duniya na G-20 da suka hadu a Ostiraliya suka gabatar a matsayin abin koyi ga dukkan kasashen da za su yi koyi da su, suna daukar Spain a matsayin kasa abin koyi.
Dalilan Tarihi Na Wadannan Abubuwan
Na yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da dalilan da suka sa Spain, Portugal, Girka, da Ireland suke cikin babbar matsala. Ina mayar da masu karatu zuwa ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan labaran ("Babban Labour: Abubuwan da ba a bayyana ba na Crises," www.vnavarro.org, Sashen Tattalin Arziki). Bari in takaita a takaice. Duk waɗannan ƙasashe, waɗanda ake magana a kai a cikin littattafan tattalin arziƙin Anglo-Saxon a matsayin PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Girka, da Spain), suna da mulkin kama-karya na dama-dama (fascist ko fascistoid), ban da Ireland, wanda mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ke mulki. jam'iyyar kusa da Coci. Wadannan mulkin kama-karya sun kasance sakamakon juyin mulkin soja (a cikin yanayin Spain, wanda Hitler da Mussolini suka goyi bayan a 1936) akan gwamnatocin da aka zaba ta dimokiradiyya wadanda suka fara sauye-sauye masu ma'ana da suka shafi gata na oligarchy, watau, noma, kudi, da (a cikin shari'ar Catalonia da Basque Country a Spain) bourgeoisie masana'antu, ban da Cocin Katolika da Sojoji. Juyin mulkin Facist na Spain ya kafa ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin zalunci da aka taɓa yi a Yammacin Turai a cikin ƙarni na 20. Ga kowane kisan gillar siyasa da Mussolini ya yi, mulkin kama-karya na Franco yana da 10,000. Har yau, akwai sama da mutane 120,000 da aka kashe a lokacin mulkin kama-karya wadanda har yanzu ba a gano gawarwakinsu ba. Bayan Cambodia, Spain ce ta biyu mafi yawan mutanen da suka bace saboda dalilai na siyasa ba tare da gano gawarwakinsu ba. Mulkin kama-karya na Franco ya kasance mulkin kama-karya na aji akan yawan ma'aikata. Wannan mulkin kama-karya ne ke da alhakin babban rashin ci gaban tattalin arziki da al'adu a Spain. Lokacin da aka yi juyin mulkin soja a cikin 1936, Babban Samfuran Ƙasar Spain (GNP) kowane mutum ya yi kama da na Italiya. A cikin 1978, lokacin da mulkin kama-karya ya ƙare kuma aka kafa dimokiradiyya, GNP na Spain na kowane mutum shine kawai 62% na Italiya. Wannan shi ne tsadar tattalin arzikin samun mulkin kama-karya na farkisanci.
Juyin Mulki Daga Dictatorship Zuwa Dimokuradiyya
Lokacin da mai mulkin kama-karya ya mutu a shekara ta 1975, mulkin kama-karya ya dau shekaru 40. Na'urar na jihar, gamayyar sojojin fastoci da aka fi sani da El Movimiento Nacional da Opus Dei (wani bangare na cocin Katolika), da Sojoji da Cocin Katolika, sun so su ci gaba da mulkin kama karya a karkashin jagorancin Mataimakin Franco Admiral Carrero Blanco. Amma ETA ce ta kashe wannan Admiral, wanda hakan ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali a shugabancin mulkin kama-karya.
A halin yanzu, juriya na antifascist yana ƙaruwa sosai, tare da tashin hankali mai ƙarfi da fa'ida, wanda manyan ma'aikata ke jagoranta a manyan biranen Barcelona, Bilbao, da Madrid da kuma wasu yankuna na Spain kamar yankin ma'adinai a Asturias (Appalachia). Spain). A fili ma'aikata suna neman canji. Daga 1975 zuwa 1978, Spain tana da mafi yawan yawan yajin aikin (duk da cewa an hana su) a Yammacin Turai. Wannan tashin hankalin na ma'aikata ya girgiza kafa na Spain, wanda ya haɗa da manyan sassa na bourgeoisie na Spain waɗanda ba su la'akari da ci gaba da mulkin kama-karya a matsayin zaɓi mai dacewa ba. Suna so a haɗa su cikin EU, har ma da Tarayyar Turai, kuma mulkin kama-karya yana wakiltar cikas ga cimma wannan burin. Sarki Juan Carlos, wanda Franco ya nada, shi ne ke jagorantar bukatar sauye-sauyen jihohi da za su tabbatar da ci gaba da harkokin hada-hadar kudi da masana'antu na Spain a karkashin wata gwamnatin siyasa ta daban. Ya nada Adolfo Suarez, wanda ya kasance babban sakatare na Movimiento Nacional, a matsayin shugaban kasar, tare da ba da izinin kafa sauye-sauye a cikin kasar Spain. Waɗannan sauye-sauyen sun kasance da nufin haɗa jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (PSOE) cikin tsarin gwamnati da kuma mayar da jam'iyyar gurguzu (PCE) saniyar ware, wadda ita ce babbar ƙarfin gwagwarmayar adawa.
Kafin rushewa, Movimiento Nacional ya ɗora wasu sharuɗɗa. Na daya shi ne za a tsara dokar zabe ta yadda jam’iyyar gurguzu ba za ta iya samun babbar wakilcin ‘yan majalisa ba. An amince da dokar kuma daga baya aka gyara ta a lokacin mulkin dimokuradiyya, kodayake ta ci gaba da nuna wariya ga ma'aikata a cikin birane (inda yawancin kuri'un gurguzu suka kasance). Sakamakon haka, yayin da birni mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kamar Salamanca yana buƙatar kuri'u 32,000 don zaɓar memba na Majalisar Spain, Barcelona (birni mai alaƙa da hagu) yana buƙatar kuri'u 150,000. Sabuwar dokar zabe ta yi tasiri bangaranci, watau, dawwamar tsarin jam'iyyu biyu - jam'iyyar Neoliberal mai ra'ayin rikau (PP) da jam'iyyar gurguzu (PSOE) da ke kula da dukkan na'urorin gwamnati, karkashin mulkin PP.
Mallakar Dakarun Conservative a Jihar
Ta wannan hanyar, kafa na hannun dama yana da cikakken iko da dukkan rassan gwamnati da kuma dukkanin kafofin watsa labarai (latsa, rediyo, da talabijin). Sojojin dimokuradiyya (karkashin jagorancin jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci), duk da haka, sun bar ɓoye da/ko sun dawo daga gudun hijira. Don haka, canji ya faru a cikin yanayi mai wuyar gaske ga hagu. Babu daidaito tsakanin rundunonin dama da na hagu. Samfurin wannan rashin daidaituwa shine Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Sipaniya da cibiyoyin dimokiradiyya, waɗanda cibiyoyin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka rinjayi a fili. Ya karfafa tsarin mulki da ya kasance a lokacin mulkin kama-karya. Banki ya ci gaba da zama babban jigo a harkokin tattalin arzikin kasar. Kuma manyan masana'antu (wanda aka kafa da farko a Barcelona, Bilbao, da Madrid) waɗanda ke da ƙarfi a lokacin mulkin kama-karya sun ci gaba da kasancewa daidai da ƙarfi, tare da sabbin ƙarin abubuwa: sarrafa manyan masana'antun jama'a - daga makamashi zuwa sadarwa - waɗanda a yanzu manyan mutane ke sarrafa su. na jam’iyyun siyasa, musamman na jam’iyyar Partido Popular (PP), wadda ta nada abokan shugaban gwamnati da na jam’iyyar a kan manyan mukamai a wadannan sabbin sana’o’in da aka yi masu. Kamar yadda ake yi a Rasha, manyan kasuwancin da a da na’urorin jam’iyyar ke sarrafa su, yanzu haka mutane iri daya ne ke sarrafa su, a matsayin wani bangare na sabon tsarin mulki.
Babban magajin mulkin kama-karya na Spain ita ce jam'iyya mai mulki, PP, haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin bayan fascist (irin su Alliance Popular, tare da ra'ayin ra'ayi na dama), ƙungiyoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi ("masu sassaucin ra'ayi" a Turai yana nufin ainihin gaskiya-) rundunonin runduna masu wakiltar manyan ’yan kasuwa, masu adawa da aiki), da masu ra’ayin mazan jiya (kamar cibiyoyin dimokuradiyyar Kirista na kusa da Cocin Katolika). Har ila yau, PP tana da babban ɓangaren bayan fascist, chauvinist, da anti-migrant bangaren, wanda ya bayyana dalilin da yasa Spain ba ta da babban motsi na chauvinist, tun da wannan motsi ya riga ya kasance a cikin PP.
Tambayar Zamantakewa Da Ta Kasa
Wani babban abin da ya haifar da mulkin hannun dama na jihar shi ne talaucin jin dadin jama'a da kuma rashin kyawun yanayin kasuwannin kwadago. Rashin aikin yi ya kasance akai-akai a Spain, kuma kudaden jama'a na jama'a ga kowane mutum yana cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin EU-15 (ƙungiyar ƙasashe mafi arziki a cikin EU). Wadannan al'amura sun kara tsananta saboda rikicin.
Wani sakamako kuma shi ne ci gaba da hangen nesa na Spain, wanda aka gada daga mulkin kama-karya da kuma gwamnatocin da suka gabata na masarautu, wadanda suka musanta yawansu. Madadin haka, Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Spain ya amince da wata al'umma guda ɗaya kawai, al'ummar Sipaniya, ta musanta buƙatun tarihi na jam'iyyun hagu - gurguzu da gurguzu - waɗanda suka ga Catalonia, Basque Country, da Galicia a matsayin sauran ƙasashe a cikin Spain. Bangarorin biyu sun yi, a lokacin sirrin, sun yi kira ga ‘yancin cin gashin kai ga kasashe daban-daban na Spain. Sai dai an ajiye wannan bukatar a gefe, a lokacin da aka yi juyin mulki saboda adawar Sarkin da Sojoji. Tun daga 1978, lokacin da aka kafa sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulki kuma aka fara mulkin dimokuradiyya, jam'iyyar gurguzu (PSOE) ta amince da hangen nesa na Spain.
Turai, daga mafarki zuwa mafarki mai ban tsoro: Haɗin Spain a cikin Yuro
A lokacin mulkin kama-karya, Turai ta kasance mafarki ga dakarun dimokuradiyya masu adawa da mulkin Fascist, suna gwagwarmaya da gwamnatin farkisanci a cikin mawuyacin hali. Daga nan aka gano tsarin dimokuradiyya da walwalar jama'a tare da Turai, kuma ana ganin su ne makasudin cimma lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya. Turai ita ce abin da sojojin Demokraɗiyya na Spain ke so koyaushe. Turai ita ce mafarkin da za a tabbata daga baya. Ya zama, duk da haka, mafarki mai ban tsoro. Me yasa?
Zane na Yuro shine farkon mafarkin. An ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar buƙatun kuɗi don ba da babban babban iko ga tsarin tafiyar da kuɗin Euro. Ba kwatsam ba ne cewa ECB tana cikin jiki a gaban Bundesbank, Babban Bankin Jamus, a Frankfurt. Babban bankin Bundesbank shine mai magana da yawun babban bankin Jamus, cibiyar tsarin hada-hadar kudi ta Turai.
ECB, duk da haka, ba babban banki ba ne: Wuri ne na bankuna, da farko na Jamus. ECB tana buga kuɗi amma ba ta taimaka wa jihohi: Ba ta siyan bashin jama'a na jihohi, yana sa su dogara ga kasuwannin kuɗi (watau bankuna masu zaman kansu). ECB tana ba da rancen kuɗi ga bankuna masu zaman kansu a cikin ƙananan kuɗin ruwa. Kuma bankuna suna sayen bashin jama'a akan riba mai yawa. Kisa ne ga bankuna masu zaman kansu! Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da ke haifar da babban ci gaban bashin jama'ar Spain (wanda, bankunan Jamus ke da kashi 20% na duk bashin jama'a da bankunan ketare ke bi, wanda shine kashi 50% na duk bashin jama'ar Spain). Saboda haka, abu na biyu a cikin kasafin kudin Spain, bayan tsaro na zamantakewa, shine biyan bashin bukatun jama'a. Jamus tana da Yuro miliyan 700,000 da ta ba PIGS rance (200,000 zuwa Spain). Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa EU ta ba da rancen Euro miliyan 100,000 ga Spain (el Rescate Bancario) tare da fahimtar cewa dole ne Spain ta biya bashin zuwa bankunan Jamus. A halin yanzu, bashin jama'a a Spain yana ƙaruwa zuwa matakin da ba za a iya biya ba.
Amma akwai wani dalilin da ya sa kudin Euro ya cutar da kasar Spain. Sharuɗɗan Maastricht sun nuna cewa gibin jama'a na jihar ba zai iya wuce 3% na GNP ba. Tun da yake 6%, dole ne a yanke shi. Kuma an yanke shi, ba ta hanyar ƙara haraji ko gyara zamba ba (Haɗin kuɗin harajin Spain yana cikin mafi girma a cikin Tarayyar Turai, tare da kaucewa Yuro miliyan 80,000, 80% na banki ne ke yin su, manyan arziƙi, da manyan kamfanoni waɗanda tallace-tallacen su ya kasance. fiye da Euro miliyan 150 a shekara, wanda ke wakiltar 0.12% na duk kamfanoni) amma ta hanyar rage yawan kudaden jama'a (musamman, kudaden zamantakewa na jama'a). Shigar Mutanen Espanya a cikin Yankin Yuro ya faru ne a farashin raunana yanayin jin daɗin Mutanen Espanya, wanda manyan azuzuwan ke amfani da su.
Me ya sa ake Yankewa?
Rage albashi da kuma yawan mutanen da ke karbar albashi, da kuma rage kudaden gwamnati, na nufin an samu raguwar bukatu a cikin gida da yawa, sakamakon haka, ci gaban tattalin arziki. Rage albashin na nufin karuwar basussukan iyalai da kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu. Bashi ya karu da yawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa harkar banki kuma ta ƙaru sosai (Spain tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassan banki a Turai, gwargwadon girman ninki uku kamar na Amurka). Amma ƙarancin riba na tattalin arzikin mai albarka yana nufin haɓakar jarin banki a cikin hasashe, yana haifar da kumfa mai yawa, mafi mahimmancin kumfa na gidaje.
Lokacin da kumfa ke faruwa, an sami jin daɗi a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin siyasa. Ba wani sai shugaban gurguzu mai mulki, José Luis R. Zapatero, ya ji cewa, a lokacin da ake samun irin wannan ci gaba, ya kamata a rage haraji. Taken sa shine "Rage haraji ya zama makasudin hagu!" Ya rage haraji da yawa, musamman kan babban jari da kuma manyan kudaden shiga. Ya sanar da takensa a cikin 2005. Ya zartar da dokar sake fasalin haraji tare da rage haraji a cikin 2006. Kuma a cikin 2007, lokacin da kumfa ya fashe, wani babban rami ya bayyana a cikin kudaden shiga na jihohi: Yuro miliyan 27,000. A cewar masana tattalin arziki na ofishin kididdiga na Ma'aikatar Kudi, kashi 70% na wannan rami ya faru ne saboda raguwar haraji kuma kawai kashi 30% na raguwar ayyukan tattalin arziki a farkon babban koma bayan tattalin arziki.
Ta haka ne aka fara yanke hukuncin, bisa hujjar karya cewa kasar na bukatar fuskantar matakan tsuke bakin aljihu saboda tana kashe kudade da yawa. A zahiri, lokacin da rikicin ya fara, jihar Sipaniya tana kan kari. A hakikanin gaskiya, kashe kudaden jama'a na Spain ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, fiye da yadda matakin ci gaban tattalin arzikinta zai buƙaci. Ragewar yana nuna yanayin ajin waɗancan ayyukan. Zapatero mai ra'ayin gurguzu ya daskarar da kudaden fansho na jama'a don ceton Yuro miliyan 1,500, lokacin da zai iya samun ƙarin kuɗi da yawa, miliyan 2,500, ta hanyar dawo da harajin kadarorin da ya soke, ko kuma ya mayar da rage harajin gado (miliyan 2,300), ko kuma sauya harajin da aka rage. Mutanen da ke samun Yuro 120,000 a shekara (miliyan 2,200). Rajoy mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ya fadada wadannan raguwa daga baya, wanda ya yanke miliyan 6,000 daga Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Kasa, yana mai jaddada, kamar yadda Zapatero ya fada a baya, cewa "babu wasu zabi," jumlar da aka fi amfani da ita a cikin labarin hukuma. Akwai madadin, duk da haka. Zai iya canza rage harajin da aka yi wa manyan kamfanoni da ya amince da shi, ya sami miliyan 5,500. Masana tattalin arziki Vicenç Navarro, Juan Torres, da Alberto Garzón sun rubuta littafi Akwai Alternatives (Hay Alternativas: Propuestas para Crear Empleo y Bienestar Social en España). Littafin ya nuna, tare da bayyanannun lambobi masu gamsarwa, cewa akwai wasu hanyoyi. Littafin ya zama babban mai siyarwa a Spain kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai ya fusata motsi.
The Indignados Movement
Wadannan rage kashe kudade na jama'a da kuma sauye-sauyen kasuwannin kwadago guda uku da gwamnatin gurguzu (PSOE) ta fara aiwatarwa, daga baya kuma ta gwamnatin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta masu sassaucin ra'ayi (PP), sun fusata mutane, tunda babu daya daga cikin wadannan matakan da ke da wani buri mai farin jini. Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan manufofin da aka ambata a cikin shirin zaɓe na jam'iyyun gwamnati. Cibiyoyin wakilan dimokiradiyya da ake zaton sun yi aiki a madadin kudi da manyan ma'aikata, wadanda ke cimma manufofin da suke so a koyaushe - raguwar albashi da rushewar kariyar zamantakewa - da kuma gabatar da waɗannan manufofi a matsayin kawai wanda zai yiwu, tun da "a can. ba su da zabi." Majalisar Turai, Hukumar Turai, da ECB (da IMF) ne suka inganta wannan saƙon. Wannan shi ne yadda Mafarkin Turawa ya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro.
Dangane da wannan mummunan mafarki, da ya fusata motsi ya bayyana da sauri ya bazu ko'ina cikin kasar. Taken ta, irin su “Su, ’yan siyasa, ba sa wakiltarmu” sun shahara sosai. Sakamakon haka, cibiyoyin gwamnati sun fara rasa haƙƙin haƙƙinsu cikin sauri. Jihar ta mayar da martani da muguwar danniya. Hakan bai hana ba ya fusata, duk da haka. Yawancin shugabanninsu matasa ne— rikicin ya shafa.
The ya fusata Kungiyar ta bukaci mika mulki karo na biyu, inda ta yi kira da a kawo karshen mulkin 1978 (tsarin siyasa da aka kafa a shekarar 1978 lokacin da mulkin kama-karya ya kare) da kuma kafa sabon tsarin dimokuradiyya, yana mai bayyana bukatar sauya cibiyoyin wakilcin da ake da su da sabbi, wanda ya kara da su. sauran nau'o'in shiga dimokuradiyya kamar kuri'ar raba gardama da/ko manyan taruka. Manufar ita ce a kafa ingantacciyar tsarin dimokuradiyya tare da tsare-tsare na nau'ikan shigar da 'yan kasa kai tsaye kamar kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a, da nau'ikan shiga kai tsaye kamar dimokuradiyyar wakilai, da ke bukatar jam'iyyun siyasa wadanda suka fi dimokuradiyya fiye da yadda suke a yau.
Wannan motsi ya yi tasiri mai yawa, kuma motsin da ya fara (babban bayyanar a Plaza del Sol) zanga-zangar ce ta nuna adawa da taken "Babu wasu hanyoyi." Hasali ma, shugabancin kungiyar ya fusata ya nuna littafin Hay Alternativas a gaban 'yan sandan da ke kokarin shawo kan zanga-zangar. Hoton dubban mutane da ke nuna littafin an rarraba a cikin ƙungiyoyi kuma an buga su a cikin jaridu. Babban takensu shi ne tambayar da'awar cewa "babu wasu hanyoyi," yana nuna cewa akwai wasu hanyoyi, da kuma nuna shakku game da sahihancin jihar, wanda ke aiwatar da manufofin da ba su da wata manufa ta jama'a.
Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Siyasa: Podemos
Irin wannan yunkuri yana so ya wuce yunkurin zanga-zangar ne kawai don a dauka a matsayin lamiri na kasa. The ya fusata ya san cewa dole ne su sa baki a fagen siyasa, kuma haka Podemos ya bayyana. An zabo shugabannin Podemos daga daidaikun mutanen da suka taka rawar gani a cikin ya fusata motsi. Wasu ƙananan malamai ne a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa da zamantakewa a cikin babbar jami'ar jama'a a Spain, Complutense. Mutane da yawa sun taka rawa a cikin ƙungiyoyin matasa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Spain. Ba tare da la’akari da inda suka fito ba, duk sun ji cewa tushen matsalar ita ce mulkin jihar da wasu gungun ‘yan siyasa ke yi, musamman a manyan jam’iyyu—jam’iyyar masu sassaucin ra’ayi (PP) da na gurguzu (PSOE)—— wadanda ke da alaka ta kut-da-kut da manyan kamfanonin hada-hadar kudi da na banki wadanda suka lalata cibiyoyin gwamnati. Sun yi kira da a kafa kasa ta dimokuradiyya da Turai ta dimokuradiyya, “Turai na mutane, ba Turai na masu banki ba. "
Sun gabatar da kansu a zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai kuma babban abin mamaki shi ne cewa sun sami kuri'a mafi girma fiye da yadda suke tsammani. Sai dai babban abin da ya fi daukar hankali shi ne cewa, dukkanin zabukan sun nuna gagarumin ci gaba na goyon bayansu na zaben, ta yadda a zaben da ya gabata, ya bayyana cewa za su iya zama jam’iyya mai mulki, lamarin da ba su taba jin zai yiwu ba, sannan da sauri. Sakon Podemos, "Ku kada kuri'ar adawa da 'yan adawa: Ku jefar da su duka.” ya yi nasara sosai. A bayyane yake cewa yawancin jama'a sun koshi da harkokin siyasa da kafofin watsa labarai.
Matsalarsu ita ce jam’iyyar ba ta da tsari. Wannan ya haifar da buƙatar gaggawa don haɓaka ƙungiya, bisa tsarin tsari mai kama da taro a cikin tsarin da jagoranci ya haɓaka. Don shirya shirin, sun tambayi masanin tattalin arziki Vicenç Navarro da Juan Torres (marubuta na littafin. Hay Alternativas littafi) don shirya jigon shirin tattalin arzikin da ya kamata gwamnatin Podemos ta aiwatar. Wannan jita-jita zai zama tushen cikakken tattaunawa a cikin Jam'iyyar. Take Democratizar la Economía para Salir de la Crisis Mejorando la Equidad, el Bienestar y la Calidad de Vida: Una Propuesta de Debate para Solucionar los Problemas de la Economía Española (Bukatar Dimokaradiyyar Tattalin Arziki Domin kawo karshen Rikicin da Inganta Adalci, Lafiya da Ingantacciyar Rayuwa: Shawarar Fara Muhawara don warware Matsalolin Tattalin Arzikin Mutanen Espanya.) ya bayyana manufar takardar. Podemos ne ya rarraba shi sosai, a ƙarƙashin sabon take Un Proyecto Económico para la Gente (Aikin Tattalin Arziki Ga Jama'a). Ya yi tasiri mai yawa.
Gabatar da shawarwarin da Pablo Iglesias da mawallafin da suka rubuta ya zama babban taron ranar a Spain. Kiyayyar kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun da na tattalin arziki, da haziƙai da masu magana da yawun manyan jam'iyyun gwamnati (PP da PSOE) sun zama masu tsananin adawa da wannan takarda da mawallafanta. Kuma a Turai, shugaban bankin Bundesbank, babban bankin Jamus, ya nuna cewa shawarwarin da aka gabatar a cikin takardar za su yi matukar illa ga tattalin arzikin Spain da na Turai. Ba a taɓa samun wata takarda da ta haifar da irin wannan martani na ƙiyayya daga cibiyoyin kuɗi, tattalin arziki, siyasa, da kafofin watsa labarai ba. Koyaya, ya haifar da ingantaccen martani mai inganci a matakin titi a Spain kuma ya ba da gudummawa sosai don canza yanayin muhawarar tattalin arziki, saboda ya kalubalanci akidar neoliberal.
Takardun tattalin arziki ba kasafin kudin gwamnatin Podemos na gaba ba ne, amma dabarun dabarun da za a bi. Binciken musabbabin rikicin ya mayar da hankali ne kan babban ci gaban rashin daidaito da ke haifar da rikicin kudi, tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ya sanya a tsakiyar binciken rikici na babban birnin kasar (a karkashin jagorancin babban kudi) da aiki. Hakan ya haifar da koma baya ga buƙatun cikin gida sakamakon raguwar albashi, ƙaruwar rashin aikin yi, da rage kashe kuɗin jama'a. Don haka, shawarwarin sun yi niyya ne don dawo da haɓakar haɓakar rashin daidaito ta hanyar haɓaka buƙatun cikin gida (ta hanyar albashi da haɓaka ayyukan yi) da kuma faɗaɗa kashe kuɗin jama'a da saka hannun jari (musamman, abubuwan more rayuwa). Har ila yau, ta jaddada bukatar fadada harkokin bankin jama'a, a matsayin hanyar bayar da lamuni ga iyalai da kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu. Har ila yau, ya ba da shawarar rage makon aiki zuwa sa'o'i 35 da rage shekarun yin ritaya daga 67 zuwa 65, sauya manufofin da PP da PSOE suka amince da su. Tasirin shirin zai karfafa aiki a farashin jari. Har ila yau, ya nuna matukar bukatar gyara rashin daidaiton jinsi a matsayin wata hanya ta kara yawan aiki. Har ila yau, ta ba da shawarar yadda za a iya samar da dukkan shawarwarin, inda aka nemi a yi sauye-sauye masu yawa a manufofin kasafin kudin kasar da kuma rage zamba ta haraji.
Me yasa Nasarar Podemos?
Amsa wannan tambayar yana da sauƙi. Akwai babban fushi ga abin da Podemos ya kira "da casta," simintin gyare-gyare. Hakan ya hada da jiga-jigan masu mulki a fagen siyasa wadanda suka kulla alaka da manyan kamfanoni na kudi da wadanda ba na kudi ba wadanda suka mamaye cibiyoyin siyasa da kafafen yada labarai na kasar. Kira ga "fitar da su duka” yana tada goyon baya na gaba ɗaya a tsakanin yawancin mutanen Spain.
Bugu da ƙari, Podemos yana amfani da yaren da mutane ke da alaƙa da shi, sake fasalin gwagwarmayar aji a matsayin rikici tsakanin waɗanda ke saman da kowa da kowa, labarin da ke tattara goyon baya na juyawa. Dalili na uku na faffadan rokonsa shi ne, Podemos ya yi kira ga cibiyar dimokuradiyya a cikin dabarunsa, ta sake fasalin dimokuradiyya ta hada da nau'ikan dimokuradiyya daban-daban kamar kuri'ar raba gardama (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin 'yancin yanke shawara, el derecho a decidir) tare da tsarin dimokuradiyya kai tsaye ko wakilci. Saboda wannan sadaukar da kai ga dimokuradiyya ne ya sa ta amince da 'yancin kai ga al'ummomi daban-daban da ke cikin Spain, tare da karya hangen nesa na Spain a matsayin kasa maras tushe. Wannan fahimtar Spain a matsayin jam'iyyar jama'a ya kasance bukatar tarihi na dukkanin jam'iyyun hagu (ciki har da PSOE), wanda aka yi watsi da shi a lokacin juyin juya halin da jam'iyyar gurguzu ta yi saboda Sarki (wanda Franco ya nada) da Sojoji. Babban buƙatun da jama'ar Catalan suka yi na haƙƙin ƴancin kai (kada a ruɗe da kiran neman 'yancin kai: 82% na Catalan sun goyi bayan na farko, 33% na goyon bayan na biyu) ya haifar da tashin hankali mai girma tare da gwamnatin tsakiya kuma a yau. ba shi da farin jini sosai. Podemos ya zama jam'iyya ta farko a Catalonia, ta hanyar goyon bayan jama'a, bisa ga kuri'un da aka yi (idan an yi zaben majalisar dokokin Spain).
Nasarar Podemos ta zama babbar barazana ga kafa Mutanen Espanya (da kuma Turai). A yau, cibiyoyin kuɗi, tattalin arziƙi, siyasa, da kafofin watsa labaru na Spain suna kan tsaro da firgita, bayan sun zartar da dokokin da ke ƙarfafa danniya. Shugabannin manyan bankunan Spain ba su da daɗi musamman. Mista Botín, shugaban babban bankin Santander, ya nuna kwanaki hudu kafin rasuwarsa (makonni kadan da suka gabata) cewa ya damu matuka, wanda ke nuni da cewa Podemos da Catalonia suna matukar barazana ga Spain. Shi, ba shakka, yana nufin Spain ɗinsa. Kuma yayi gaskiya. Gaba a bude take. Kamar yadda Gramsci ya nuna sau ɗaya, ƙarshen lokaci ne ba tare da cikakken ra'ayi na abin da na gaba zai kasance ba. Turai, Spain, da Catalonia suna kawo ƙarshen zamani. Wannan a fili yake. Abin da har yanzu ba a sani ba shi ne abin da zai biyo baya. Za mu gani.
Barcelona, 28 ga Disamba, 2014.
Vicente (Vicenç a cikin Catalan) Navarro, Farfesa ne a Harkokin Jama'a da zamantakewa a Jami'ar John Hopkins Amurka da Jami'ar Pompeu Fabra Catalonia, Spain. Shi ne kuma Darakta na Cibiyar Siyasa ta JHU-UPF a Barcelona, Spain. Ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da Turai da Spain da littafinsa Bienestar Insuficiente, Democracia Incompleta: Sobre Lo Que No Se Habla En Nuestro País ya sami lambar yabo ta Anagrama (daidai da lambar yabo ta Pulitzer a Spain).
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