Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta amince da 'yanci iri biyu. Akwai 'yancin ɗan ƙasa, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin barazana ga kyakkyawan tsari. Ya ba da izini (ta hanyar Dokar Laifin Tsara Tsara) 'yan sanda ko kotu su hana duk wata zanga-zangar jama'a. Yana gabatar da katunan shaida, ƙuntata shige da fice, neman tauye haƙƙin habeas corpus da kuma tsawaita odar halayen zamantakewa.
Sannan akwai ‘yancin kasuwanci. Duk da cewa Hukumar Kula da Harajin Cikin Gida da Kwastam da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin sun riga sun kasa magance masu kaucewa biyan haraji, Gordon Brown yana yanke ma'aikatansu 10,000. Tony Blair na kokarin rusa umarnin Turai na lokacin aiki, wanda ke hana kamfanoni yin aiki da ma'aikatansu har lahira. Matsanancin matakan da ke cikin jawabin Sarauniyar da ke hana dan kasar nan da nan ya biyo bayan alkawarin dakile harkokin kasuwanci. Gwamnati ta shirya don sarrafa mu, yayin da ta bar wakilai masu karfi - kamfanoni - 'yancin sarrafa kansu.
Kamar ’yan’uwa a Coriolanus, Tony Blair zai “warke kowace rana duk wani aiki mai kyau da aka kafa a kan mawadata, kuma ya ba da ƙarin ka’idoji na huda kowace rana, don ɗaure da kuma takura wa matalauta.” (1) Don kasuwanci ya sami ’yanci, dole ne a kiyaye mu. duba.
Wannan ba, a cewar babban firist na wannan addini, yadda ake nufi ya kasance. Adam Smith ya ɗauka cewa 'yancin kasuwa yana da kyawawa don dalili ɗaya: cewa yana inganta rayuwar mutane. Inda ya fahimci cewa yana da akasin haka, ya yi kira da a kame. Ya rubuta: “Waɗannan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na ’yancin ɗan adam, waɗanda za su iya yin haɗari ga tsaron dukan al’umma, kuma ya kamata su kasance, dokokin dukan gwamnatoci ne suka hana su.” (2) Gwamnatoci suna da “hakki na kiyayewa, gwargwadon iyawa, kowane memba na al’umma daga zalunci ko zaluncin kowane dan’uwanta”.(3).
Irin wannan gargaɗin ba shakka an yi watsi da su. Shekaru sittin bayan haka, John Clare ya yi nazari kan barnar da sabbin ’yanci suka yi. "Haka ya zo wurin - rugujewa shine jagoranta / Amma tafawa 'yanci ya ji daɗin gani / Ko da yake an kori ɗakin kwanciyar hankali a gefe / Kuma gidajen kurkukun gidan ya tashi a kan shafin." (4)
Amma sabanin da ya fi daukar hankali a makon da ya gabata shi ne bukatar Firayim Minista na girmamawa: ga kowa da kowa sai wadanda muke lalata rayuwarsu. Wataƙila ba za a ƙyale mu mu sa riguna masu rufa ba a wuraren jama'a, amma za mu kasance da 'yanci don kashe mutanen Kudancin Asiya.
Ko da yake Tony Blair ya yarda cewa sauyin yanayi zai canza rayuwar ɗan adam sosai,(5) babu wani sabon shawarwari da za a magance shi a cikin jawabin Sarauniyar. Alkaluman da ofishin kididdiga na kasa ya fitar a makon da ya gabata sun nuna cewa hayaki mai gurbata muhalli daga jiragen da mazauna Burtaniya ke fitarwa ya kusan ninka sau biyu a tsakanin shekarar 1990 zuwa 2003, yayin da hayakin motoci masu zaman kansu ya karu da kashi 14%. % na matakan 6 zuwa 80, amma tun kafin a kirga alkaluman sufurin jiragen sama, ya karu a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Shisshigin gwamnati ne kawai zai iya mayar da mu kan hanya, amma Blair ya riga ya cika shirinsa na majalisar dokoki: gudummawar da ya bayar wajen magance matsalar a yanzu, ga alama, za ta zama zance.
Ba wai kawai muna da ’yancin kashe wasu ba; 'yancin kasuwa ya tilasta mana yin haka. Tattalin arzikin yana da tsari sosai ta yadda ba za a iya yin abin da ya dace ba. Idan ba a yi amfani da ƙauyenku ta hanyar sufurin jama'a kuma babu inda za a iya yin keke, kuna da, duk maganar 'yancin tuƙi, babu zaɓi. Idan manyan kantunan sun rufe duk kananun kantuna, dole ne ku ba da kuɗin ku ga kamfani wanda hanyoyin sayayya da rarrabawa yayi kama da tsari don iyakar tasirin muhalli.
Don haka kasuwa ta ba mu kwarin guiwa amma doka ta bar mu mu yi mummunar barna da kowane gungun mutane ya taba yi wa wani. Akwai kyawawan dalilai da yawa na tsammanin cewa canjin yanayi, a cikin wannan karnin, zai jefa duniya cikin karancin abinci. Gilashin kankara na Himalayas, wanda ke ciyar da manyan koguna da ke shayar da ƙasar noma da ke raya Asiya, suna ɓacewa. Philippines.(7) Yankunan fari na kara fadada: ko a farkon shekarun 8 makiyaya da na yi aiki da su a gabashin Afirka suna korafin cewa an danne yanayin yunwa na shekaru 1990 zuwa hudu ko biyar.
Tuni, tare da rarar abinci, kimanin mutane miliyan 800 a duniya suna fama da tamowa ta dindindin. Tare da gibin abinci, wannan adadi zai iya tashi zuwa biliyoyin. Za mu dauki alhakin wannan. A lokacin da muka kai ƙarshen rayuwarmu, kowane ɗayanmu, duk mai kirki da tawali'u da kyakkyawar niyya, za mu kasance da alhakin daidai, dangane da wahalar ɗan adam, na matsakaicin matsakaicin ta'addanci. .
Canjin yanayi ya sake juyar da maganar tsakiyar Smith: cewa “ta hanyar biyan bukatun kansa [mutum] akai-akai yana inganta na al’umma fiye da lokacin da yake da niyya ya inganta ta.” (9) Yanzu za a yi amfani da bukatun al’ummar duniya da farko ta hanyar kamewa.
Duk abin da muke tsammani yana da kyau ya zama mara kyau. Aikin alheri ne don tafiya daurin auren dan uwanka. Yanzu kuma aikin zalunci ne. Yana da kyau a haskaka tituna da dare. Canjin yanayi ya gaya mana yana kashe mutane fiye da yadda yake ceto. Muna kashe mutane ta hanyoyin da ba su da laifi: kunna fitilu, yin wanka, tuƙi zuwa aiki, zuwa hutu. Canjin yanayi yana buƙatar jujjuya ka'idojin ɗabi'a, wanda ba mu da shiri don sa. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa babu wata gwamnati da ke son tunkarar mu da gaske. An bar shi ga Greenpeace, wanda ya mamaye masana'antar Range Rover a makon da ya gabata, don taƙaita ayyukan 'yancin kasuwa wanda Blair ya ƙi taɓawa.(10)
Kamar yadda Gordon Brown, mutumin da ke ba da kasuwa kyauta, ya ce, "abin da ba daidai ba na ɗabi'a ba zai iya zama daidai a tattalin arziki ba" (11) Dangane da albarkatun GDP, "cikakkiyar 'yanci" na Adam Smith yana da daidai a tattalin arziki. Ba wanda ya fahimci barazanar sauyin yanayi zai iya kasa ganin cewa su ma sun yi kuskure.
Masanin Tattalin Arziki ya yi jayayya a kwanan nan cewa mafi kyawun hanyoyin magance wannan matsala ita ce ta hanyar ’yancin kasuwa: wannan, ba shakka, ita ce maganin da ya rubuta game da dukkan cututtuka, tun kafin a bincika yanayin cutar.(12) Matsalar ita ce. Mutuwar mutane a Bangladesh ko Somaliya ba ta yi mana komai ba: ba mu da wani kuzarin kuɗi don rage su. Kasuwancin Carbon, a tsarinsa na yanzu, yana ba wa kamfanonin da ke gurbata muhalli da ke da alhakin matsalar. Yana tunatar da ni game da kwangilar da Degussa ya samu, kamfani wanda ya ba da Zyklon B ga ɗakunan iskar gas, don samar da murfin kariya don tunawa da Holocaust na Berlin: suna cin riba sau biyu daga mutuwar jama'a.
Za mu iya magance sauyin yanayi kawai tare da taimakon gwamnatoci, tare da hana ayyukan 'yancinmu na halitta. Ya zuwa yanzu, duk da haka, lokacin da aka fuskanci zaɓi tsakanin kayayyaki masu tsarki guda biyu - 'yancin kasuwa da rayuwar ɗan adam - wanda suka zaɓa don kiyaye shi shine 'yancin kasuwa.
References:
1. Coriolanus, Dokar 1, Scene 1.
2. Adam Smith, 1776. The Wealth of Nations, Littafi II, Babi na II. Penguin Classics, London.
3. Adam Smith, 1776. The Wealth of Nations, Littafi na IV, Babi na IX.
4. John Clare, wani lokaci bayan 1821. Fallen Elm. Daga John Clare, Zaɓaɓɓen Waƙa, 1990. Penguin, London.
5. Jawabin kan sauyin yanayi, 14 ga Satumba, 2004. http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page6333.asp
6. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D5690.xls
7. Asusun Duniya na Duniya ya buga wani rahoto da ke taƙaita abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin Himalayas. http://www.panda.org/downloads/climate_change/himalayaglaciersreport2005.pdf
8. Fred Pearce, 29th Yuni 2004. Shinkafa tana raguwa saboda dare mai laushi. Sabon Masanin Kimiyya.
9. Adam Smith, 1776. The Wealth of Nations, Littafi IV, Babi na II.
10. Paul Brown da Mark Milner, 17th Mayu 2005. Zanga-zangar ta dakatar da samar da Range Rover. The Guardian.
11. Gordon Brown, 8th Disamba 2004. Paparoma Paul VI memorial lacca, CAFOD, London.
12. Masanin Tattalin Arziki, 23 ga Afrilu 2005. Ceto Muhalli.
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