Ɗauki Dokar Tarayya Babu Ɗan Bar Baya (NCLB) na 2001. Ƙara magajinsa, Race to Top Fund (RTT-TF), wani ɓangare na Dokar Farfaɗo da Sake Zuba Jari ta Amirka (ARRA) na 2009. Ƙarƙashin NCLB da RTTTF, almajiri. maki akan daidaitattun gwaje-gwaje shine matakin tsakiya a sake fasalin makarantar K-12 na jama'a. Shuwagabannin makarantun gwamnati da malamai tare da daliban da suka kasa auna matakin koyo bisa makin jarabawa suna fuskantar hukunci mai tsanani, tun daga rufe makarantu, tare da sallamar ma’aikata, zuwa bude makarantun shata (bulo-da-turmi da kan layi).
Akwai ƙari ga wannan koyo da koyarwa fiye da yadda ake gani. Misali, a waje kamfanoni ne na riba. Nauyin amanar su ga masu hannun jari ne, ba bukatun jama'a ba. Don haka menene ma'amala tsakanin bangaren kamfanoni da sake fasalin makarantun K-12 na jama'a?
Mun juya zuwa Kaplan Preparation Test Test (KTP) makarantu. Kamfanin na duniya yana karanta ɗalibai don jarrabawa kamar SAT, ACT, LSAT, GMAT, MCAT da GRE a Amurka da kasashen waje. KTP ya haɗu da Kaplan Higher Education da Kaplan International a matsayin sassa uku na Kaplan, Inc., wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 1938 kuma yanzu wani reshe ne na Kamfanin Post Washington. Kaplan Inc. ya samu kashi 55 cikin 2.196 na kudaden shiga da kamfanin ya samu na dala biliyan 2012 a shekarar 2.404, bisa ga rahotonsa na shekara, ya ragu daga dala biliyan 2011 a shekarar 2.804 da dala biliyan 2010 a shekarar 284. KTP ya samu dala miliyan 2012 a shekarar 303, dala miliyan 2011 a shekarar 314, da kuma dala miliyan 2010. XNUMX. Wannan ci gaba da raguwar kudaden shiga, a cewar Shugaba Donald E. Graham, sakamakon, a wani ɓangare, daga yawan rashin aikin yi. Bugu da ari, samun kuɗaɗen kuɗi "wani tsari ne na gwamnatin Amurka." Shirye-shiryen fadada Kaplan sun haɗa da ci gaba da siyan kasuwanci kamar Celtic Healthcare, kamfanin kula da lafiya na gida. A halin da ake ciki, tsarin ilimi mai zaman kansa na Kaplan yana faɗaɗa zuwa ƙasashe kamar Australia, Ireland, da Singapore. (Carina Wong, mai magana da yawun KPT, ba ta amsa bukatar hirar ba.)
Kaplan ya ƙare zama memba na shekara guda a cikin aikin aikin ilimi na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka (ALEC), ƙungiya mai ba da shawara mai zaman kanta-har sai kwanan nan daga allon radar jama'a. ALEC, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga buƙatun kamfanoni kamar AT&T, Bank of America, Comcast, Eli Lily, Exxon Mobil Corporation, Koch Industries, da sauran su da yawa, sun rubuta takardar lissafin ƙididdiga waɗanda ke fifita kamfanoni ga 'yan majalisun jihohi a faɗin Amurka Me yasa aka mai da hankali kan majalisun jihohi? Gidajen jihohi sune inda dalar haraji ke ga makarantun gwamnati na K-12. A cikin sabon littafinta, Mulkin Kuskure: Labarin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Haɗari ga Makarantun Jama'a na Amurka, marubuci kuma mai rubutun ra’ayin yanar gizo na ilimi Diane Ravitch ta rubuta: “Jihohi ne ke da alhakin kula da kuma ba da tallafin ilimin jama’a. Gwamnatin tarayya tana aiki a matsayin tallafi." Koyaya, manufofin ilimin tarayya ta hanyar NCLB da RTTTF suna ƙara yin tasiri ga jahohi da gundumomin makarantun gida. Ingantacciyar hanyar tafiyar da manufofin makarantar K-12 na jama'a shine makin ɗalibai akan manyan jarrabawar da ake amfani da su don azabtarwa da lada.
Pearson Inc., wani kamfani na Biritaniya, ya mallaki Pearson Education kuma ya sami riba akan jarin jari na kashi 9.2 cikin ɗari a 2008; 8.9 bisa dari a 2009; 10.3 bisa dari a 2011; 9.1 bisa dari a 2011 da 9.1 bisa dari a 2012. Pearson Inc. ya mallaki bugu na Addison-Wesley, Allyn da Bacon, Benjamin Cummings, Longman, Prentice Hall, da Scott Foresman. Hakanan kamfani yana ba da shirye-shiryen koyo na lantarki, haɓakawa, sarrafawa, da gwajin ƙima. Pearson ya kira kansa "babban kamfanin koyo a duniya," tare da "mutane 36,000 a cikin kasashe fiye da 70." Kamfanin ya sami dala biliyan 7 a cikin kudaden shiga na ilimi a 2011, bisa ga rahoton shekara ta 2012. Kashi tamanin da hudu cikin 2012 na kudaden shiga na ilimi na Pearson na fitowa ne daga tantancewar dalibai da gwaje-gwajen nasara. Sabanin haka, alamar Penguin Random House na kamfanin ya sami kudaden shiga na 11 na kashi XNUMX cikin dari, kuma Financial Times 5 bisa dari, bi da bi, yayin da yake canza samfuransa, ilimi ya haɗa, daga bugawa zuwa dijital dandamali.
Haɓaka Zuba Jari na Fasaha
Dabarar haɓakar Pearson Inc. madaidaiciya ce. A cewar Shugaba John Fallon, "Muna buƙatar matsawa da sauri a cikin canjin dijital ɗinmu, ƙaura zuwa ayyuka, da haɓaka kasancewarmu a kasuwanni masu tasowa." Wannan shine inda mafi girman ci gaban da aka samu ga kamfanin Pearson Inc. Don haka, Glen Moreno, shugaban kamfanin, ya ce a cikin rahoton shekara ta 2012 na Pearson, “haɓakar saka hannun jarin fasaha da haɓaka ingantaccen aiki zai ba mu damar cimma dabarun dabarun mu cikin sauri. ” Misali na baya-bayan nan na wannan dabara shine shigar da Pearson na abun ciki na dijital akan iPads ga ɗalibai a Gundumar Makarantun Haɗin Kan Los Angeles. Bayanan koyarwa akan iPads shine "Tsarin Tsarin Koyi na Pearson Common." Ka'idodin Jiha na gama gari suna zama tushen jarabawar ƙasa ga ɗaliban K-12 na jama'a.
Ilimin Pearson ya kashe dala miliyan 4.4 don yiwa Majalisa zagon ƙasa akan batutuwa kamar ƙa'idoji, daga 2009 zuwa rabin farko na 2013, a cewar Cibiyar Siyasa mai Amsa, mai tushe a Washington DC. Connections Academy, cibiyar ilmantarwa ta yanar gizo don riba ce wacce ta fara a Houston, Texas, ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ayyukan ilimi ta ALEC kafin Pearson, Inc. kuma ta sami kamfanin kan layi a watan Agusta 2011. A cewar Pearson, Connections ba wani ɓangare na ALEC. Koyaya, lissafin jihar da Connections, kamfani na biyu mafi girma na kan layi a duk faɗin ƙasar, wanda ke tallafawa kan ayyukan aikin ilimi na ALEC, har yanzu suna aiki, in ji Rebekah Wilce, mai bincike kuma mai ba da rahoto na Cibiyar Watsa Labarai da Dimokuradiyya ta Wisconsin. K12 Inc., babbar kamfanin makarantar yanar gizo, kuma mallakin Kaplan, Inc. a da, ya kasance memba na kwamitin kula da ilimi na ALEC, a cewar Wilce-Lindsay Russell da Bill Meierling na ALEC ba su amsa buƙatun waya ko imel don sharhi ba.
A cewar shafin yanar gizon kungiyar: “Kowace shekara, kusan kudade 1,000, dangane da akalla a wani bangare ALEC Model Legislation an gabatar da su a cikin jihohi. Daga cikin wadannan, kusan kashi 20 cikin dari sun zama doka." A cewar wani bincike na CMD na shekarar majalisa ta 2013, wanda aka fitar a wannan watan Agusta, na “kudirin kudi na ALEC 139 da suka shafi ilimin jama’a, 31 daga cikin wadannan sun zama doka. Jihohi bakwai ne kawai ba a gabatar da dokar ilimi ta ALEC a bana ba. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, waɗannan kuɗaɗen sun ba da kuɗin biyan haraji daga tsarin ilimin jama'a don cin gajiyar makarantu masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu, gami da "Dokar Ba da Haraji ta Manyan Makarantu."
Don ajandar majalisar dokokin jihar ta 2014, ALEC ta gudanar da taro a farkon Disambar bara a Washington, DC. A cewar Wilce na CMD, ALEC's "Taron manufofin Jihohi da Ƙasa," don ƙirƙira da kuma ƙaddamar da ajandar majalisa ta 2014 ya fi shahara ga "abin da zai faru a bayan ƙofofi. ALEC ta sanya wani ɓangare na manufofinta na majalisa don taron, yayin da ta ci gaba da ɓoye masu ba da kuɗaɗen ta da kuma mawallafin mawallafin dokoki na musamman. A kan ajanda na ALEC na 2014 sune…mafi fifiko da lissafin kudi (wanda zai zama samfurin ALEC na hukuma da zarar jami'an tsaro suka zartar da su - tare da masu fafutuka na kamfani suna kada kuri'a daidai gwargwado tare da 'yan majalisar jiha - kuma kwamitin gudanarwar ya amince da su)." Yi la'akari da wannan doka akan sake fasalin makarantar K-12 na jama'a. A cewar Wilce, “Dokar “Dokar Samun Nasarar Dalibai” ta ALEC, kuma da alama tana dogara ne akan lissafin Utah, 2013 SB 82, wanda ke ba da damar samun bayanan ɗalibi a cikin tsarin “girgije” na lantarki.
A cewar Ed Week, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wani bugu na Digital Learning Now, wani shiri na Gidauniyar Jeb Bush don Kwarewa a Ilimi, wanda ke da alaƙa da ALEC kuma wani ɓangare na Pearson, wani kamfanin watsa labarai na duniya wanda ya sayi Ilimin Connections. wanda ya kasance memba mai ƙwazo sosai a Kwamitin Taimakawa Ilimi na ALEC.”
A Texas a watan Yulin da ya gabata, mai binciken kudi na jihar ya fitar da wani rahoto da ke bayanin yadda Hukumar Ilimi ta Texas ta kasa kula da yadda ya kamata kan kwangilar dalar Amurka miliyan 462 na gwamnati na tsawon shekaru biyar na daidaitattun jarrabawar dalibai a fadin jihar tare da Pearson Education. Shin adadin kudin da jihar ke kashewa a jarrabawa kenan? Amsar ita ce a'a, a cewar Linda McNeil, farfesa a fannin ilimi a Jami'ar Rice da ke Houston kuma darekta a Cibiyar Ilimi a can. "An yi watsi da kuɗin da ake kashewa ga gundumomin makarantun gida na lokacin da ma'aikata ke kula da gudanar da wannan ingantaccen gwajin," in ji ta. A halin yanzu, kwangilar Ilimi na Pearson yana wakiltar kashi 61 cikin 510,000 na duk kwangilar TEA. Akwai masu fafutuka bakwai masu rajista don Ilimi na Pearson, wanda ya biya su $2013 a cikin 1.9, a cewar Hukumar Da'a ta Texas. B. Alexander (Sandy) Kress yana ɗaya daga cikin masu yin rajista don Ilimin Pearson a Texas. Kress ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara kan NCLB ga shugaban GOP George W. Bush kuma tsohon shugaban kwamitin amintattu na Makarantun Jama'a na Dallas. "NCLB ta amfana da masana'antar gwaji a cikin adadin tsakanin dala biliyan 5.3 zuwa dala biliyan XNUMX a shekara," in ji wata kasida mai taken "Masu Riba na Bush Suna Tattara Biliyoyin Daga NCLB.
An saye shi kan dala biliyan 2.4 ta kamfani mai zaman kansa Apollo Global Management LLC a cikin Maris 2013, McGraw- Hill Education ya sami kudaden shiga na dala biliyan 2.3 a 2011, ya ragu daga dala biliyan 2.4 a 2010, a cewar rahoton shekara-shekara na Pearson na 2012. CTB/McGraw-Hill yanki ne na Ilimin McGraw-Hill, wanda ke hidimar sama da ɗalibai miliyan 18 a kowace jiha ta Amurka da ƙasashe 49, suna ba da gwaje-gwaje iri-iri na kima a lissafi, karatu, kimiyya, nazarin zamantakewa, da rubutu. A cewar gidan yanar gizon Ilimi na McGraw-Hill, kamfanin yana ba da "tabbatattun abubuwan da suka danganci bincike tare da mafi kyawun fasahar dijital da ke fitowa don jagorantar ƙima, koyarwa, da koyo don cimma kyakkyawan sakamako ga ɗalibai, malamai, da cibiyoyi." Yayin da alfijir na koma bayan tattalin arziki ya fara a Amurka, McGraw-Hill ya shiga cikin gida, kungiyar Tata, a Indiya. A yau, Ilimin Tata Mc Graw-Hill yana "samar da hanyoyin ilmantarwa ga bunkasar tattalin arzikin Indiya," a cewar Ilimin McGraw-Hill. Kamfanin ya zuba jari a cikin sababbin fasaha, software na gane magana don koyon Turanci a kasar Sin a cikin 2010. A gefen jihar, McGraw-Hill Ilimi na samun Key Curriculum ya haɓaka sawun sa a fasahar koyar da lissafi, yana faɗaɗa ayyukan kamfanin don fitar da su daga gama gari. Ma'auni na Jiha, wanda ɗaliban makarantun K-12 na jama'a ke yin gwajin nasara. A Hawaii, sashen ilimi na jihar ya sayi “McGraw-Hill Reading Wonders — farkon-zuwa-kasuwa shirin K-6 core karatun da aka gina tun daga ƙasa har zuwa magance Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts — a matsayin keɓaɓɓen shirin karatu ga azuzuwa” a fadin jihar a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2013.
Da aka tambaye shi game da ƙoƙarin neman siyasa na McGraw-Hill Education, Charles Zehren, mai magana da yawun Apollo Global Management LLC, ya ƙi cewa komai. A cewar Cibiyar Harkokin Siyasa mai Mahimmanci, Apollo Global Management LLC ta ba da gudummawar kudade ga kakakin majalisar GOP John Boehner a wannan shekara. A tarayya, Ilimin McGraw-Hill bai shiga daban da sauran rukunin kamfanoni ba tun daga 2008. Sabbin alkalumman lobbying na daukacin Kamfanonin McGraw-Hill, bisa ga Cibiyar Harkokin Siyasa, ta ce:
$ 1,500,000 a 2009
$ 1,650,000 a 2010
$ 1,280,000 a 2011
$ 1,000,000 a 2012
Ranar Mayu 9, 2010, da NY Times ya ba da rahoto game da shigar manyan kuɗaɗen shinge-daga Anchorage Capital Partners zuwa Greenlight Capital da Pershing Square Capital—a cikin sake fasalin makarantun gwamnati na K-12. Wadannan bukatu na kudi suna tallafawa kungiyar sake fasalin makarantar K-12 mai zaman kanta, Democrats for Education Reform (DFER), kwamitin ayyukan siyasa na tarayya karkashin jagorancin Joe Williams. Kuɗaɗen shinge guda uku da ke sama sun ƙi buƙatun neman sharhi kan yadda sake fasalin makarantun gwamnati na K-12 ke shafar ribar su da asara, da yadda kowane kamfani ke tantance matakin haɗarinsa da lada. Hakazalika, Devin Boyle, wakilin DFER, bai amsa tambayoyi game da dabarunta na ciyar da gyare-gyaren makarantun gwamnati na K-12 ba da kuma ƙididdige sa hannun kuɗi na masu tallafawa asusun shinge. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ƙungiyar 'yar'uwar DFER, Education Reform Now, ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari masu zaman kansu da aka kafa a 2005, wanda Joe Williams kuma ke shugabanta, ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 9 a cikin shekara ta 2010, bisa ga IRS Form 990. Babban kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara na ERN ya kasance $80,000 a 2006; $173,500 a 2007; $1,344,460 a 2008; $1,152,851 a 2009 da $10,883,330 a 2010. Kaso mafi tsoka na kashe kuɗin ERN ya kai ga ƙara yawan makarantun haya a jihar New York.
Daraktan ERN shine Brian Zied, wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Charter Bridge Capital Management, asusun shinge. John Petry shine kujera ERN kuma abokin tarayya na Gotham Capital, kuma asusun shinge. A cewar shafin yanar gizon DFER, yana da nufin "komar da Jam'iyyar Demokraɗiyya zuwa wurin da ta dace a matsayin zakara na yara, da farko, a cikin tsarin ilimin jama'a na Amurka." Albashin Joe Williams na ERN na $120,561 a 2009 ya kusan ninki biyu zuwa $218,565 a 2010.
Adrianna Hutchinson na StudentsFirst, ƙungiyar sake fasalin makarantun gwamnati na K-12 wanda Michelle Rhee, tsohuwar shugabar makarantun gwamnati a Washington, DC, yanzu daga Sacramento, California, ta ƙi cewa komai. Kungiyar sake fasalin ilimi ta Rhee ta yi iƙirarin "domin kare muradun yara." StudentsFirst yana aiki a cikin jihohi 34 kuma ya karɓi daloli masu ba da gudummawa da ba a bayyana sunansa ba don yin shawarwarin siyasa, $4.6 miliyan a cikin 2010-2011 don ayyukan 501 (c) (4) kamar yadda IRS Form 990 ya nuna. Ƙungiyar sake fasalin Rhee yayi kama da ERN's. Dukansu ERN da StudentsFirst sun kwatanta matsayin IRS na GOP master-strategist Karl Rove's Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies, kuma 501(c)(4) mara riba.
Rhee, wanda ya auri Magajin Garin Sacramento Kevin Johnson, wadanda dukkansu 'yan Democrat ne, kuma su ne ke jagorantar Cibiyar Dalibai na Farko mai zaman kansa. Johnson shi ne mataimakin shugaban kasa na biyu na taron masu unguwanni na Amurka, mataimakin shugaban babban taron kasa na masu unguwanni, kuma shugaban kwamitin sake fasalin ilimi na sakataren ilimi na Amurka Arne Duncan. Johnson ya kafa Stand Up for Sacramento Schools, ƙungiyar sake fasalin makaranta mai zaman kanta, tare da kuɗin $500,000 daga Gidauniyar Eli da Edythe Broad. EEBF ta "horar da" Jonathan Raymond, mai kula da gundumar Sacramento City Unified School District, wanda ba shi da kwarewar koyarwa a aji, kamar yadda magajin gari Johnson ya yi.
Johnson ya shiga Mayors Michael Hancock na Denver; Angel Taveras na Providence, Rhode Island; da Julián Castro na San Antonio a Balaguron Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ilimi da ya fara a Denver, Oktoba 15, 2013. Sun rubuta: “Da yake fuskantar wahalar da ke tattare da tinkarar ƙalubalen gundumomin makarantu biyar na birnin, Sacramento ya ga bukatar jawo ƙwararrun ilimi. ayyuka. Ofishin magajin gari ya taimaka wajen taro tare da daukar manyan kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kuma a cikin shekara guda kawai, shekarar City, Teach for America, StudentsFirst da College Track sun kaddamar da wuraren a cikin birnin.”
Ba a sani ba cewa "Sacramento" ya ga bukatar sake fasalin gundumar K-12 ta jama'a, ba kamar masu ba da tallafi na kamfanoni waɗanda ke tallafawa ƙungiyoyin shawarwari na Johnson da Rhee ba. Irin wannan agajin daga mafi kyawun bukatun al'umma, gami da Broad, Gates da Gidauniyar Walton. Kimanin mil 100 kudu maso yamma daga babban birnin California kusa da Silicon Valley, Terry Moe na Cibiyar Hoover a Jami'ar Stanford, ya daɗe yana sukar makarantun K-12 na jama'a na al'ada, wanda ke ba da shawarar wasu hanyoyi kamar makarantun haya da takaddun shaida.
A nasa ra'ayin, makarantun gwamnati na gargajiya ba su yi wa ɗaliban da ke cikin haɗari ba. Moe ya ce "Tsarin makarantun gwamnati yana gajarta al'umma da yaranmu, musamman matalauta da yara marasa rinjaye," in ji Moe. Maganin sa shine motsi don haɓaka zaɓin makaranta "don kawo ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka masu kyau (ilimi) ga iyalai." Ra'ayin ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan ilimi ga ɗalibai da danginsu na yin barazana ga gundumomin makarantu da ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na malamai, a cewar Moe. "Ba sa son kuɗi ko ɗalibai su bar gundumomin makarantun gwamnati." A gare shi, kasuwa na iya ba wa ɗalibai da iyalansu (masu amfani da ilimi) damar koyo da albarkatun da ba su samuwa a cikin tsarin ilimin jama'a na K-12.
Ya koka da cewa shekaru 5 na ci gaban makarantun bogi, ya haifar da kashi 90 cikin dari na daliban Amurka da ke halartar su. (Kimanin kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na makarantun shatan ba su da kyauta na ƙungiyar, albishir ga masu ɗaukar ma'aikata waɗanda za su iya biyan ƙaramin albashi ga malamai ba tare da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ba.)
Moe ya zargi siyasar ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da gundumomin makarantu waɗanda ke barin malamai su daina sakaci saboda ƙarancin nasarar ɗaliban su akan daidaitattun gwaje-gwaje. A cewarsa, maganin wannan matsala abu ne mai sauki. Malaman K-12 suna buƙatar karas da sanduna don haɓaka nasarar ɗaliban su. "Muna bukatar mu saka wa malamai nagari da makarantu da kuma kawar da miyagun malamai da makarantu," in ji shi. Don haka, RTTTF yana danganta kimantawar malaman aji zuwa ci gaban ilimi na ɗalibai kuma yana ɗaga iyaka kan buɗe sabbin makarantun bota. Dangane da tsarin tarayya, jiha, da manufofin gida don sake fasalin makarantun gwamnati na K-12, dalilan kasuwanci na farko na Shirye-shiryen Jarabawar Kaplan, Ilimin Pearson, da Ilimin McGraw-Hill shine haɓaka rabon kasuwa da riba. Idan sun kasa yin haka, masu fafatawa za su ci nasara a yakin kasuwa. Don gujewa shan kashi, kamfanoni suna amfani da tasiri, akida da siyasa, don samun galaba akan abokan hamayya.
A madadin, sake fasalin makarantun jama'a na K-12 ya dogara da siyasa mai aiki da aka yi amfani da dala masu ba da gudummawa don haɓaka. Yi la'akari da fitowar kwanan nan na wata doka ta haifar da iyaye, wanda NCLB ke yi wa lakabin ƙananan makarantu inda ƙididdiga na ɗalibai akan daidaitattun gwaje-gwaje a kai a kai ya gaza ga burin NCLB 2014 na ƙwarewa 100%.
Tare da sa hannun koke na yawancin iyaye a irin waɗannan makarantu, iyaye za su iya sarrafa ilimin yaran su. Ta wannan hanyar, iyaye za su iya kula da kasafin kuɗin makaranta, ma'aikatan kashe gobara, da kuma karkatar da ayyukan yau da kullun ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na makarantar haya. Gundumar Makarantar Adelanto gabas da Los Angeles a cikin Mojave Desert ta California ta zama wurin da aka kafa dokar haifar da iyaye ta farko a cikin Janairu 2010. Tsohuwar Sanatan California Gloria Romero, 'yar Democrat, wacce ta dauki nauyin dokar haifar da iyaye wanda GOP Gwamna Arnold Schwarzenegger ya sanya hannu, ya kasance. Daraktan DFER na Golden State. Ta bar wannan mukamin don ƙaddamar da gidauniyar ƙarfafa iyaye a ƙarƙashin inuwar ERN.
Cibiyar Heartland na tushen Illinois, wanda gidan yanar gizonsa ya ce yana da nufin "ganowa, haɓakawa, da haɓaka hanyoyin magance matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi na kasuwa kyauta," ya tsara wata alama ta dokar haifar da iyaye kuma ta ba ALEC. A bi da bi, ALEC ta ɓullo da ƙa'idar ƙirar don dokar haifar da iyaye kuma ta rarraba ta a duk faɗin Amurka
A cewar CMD, akwai jihohi 13 da ke da lissafin ƙididdiga don dokokin haifar da iyaye daga ALEC a cikin 2013. Oklahoma ita ce kawai jihar da 'yan majalisa suka amince da irin wannan dokar. Daga gidajen jahohi zuwa titin Pennsylvania, abubuwan sirri sun mamaye sake fasalin makarantar K-12 na jama'a. Kamfanoni na duniya na dala biliyan kamar Pearson Education ne ke kan gaba. Bin hanyar kuɗin kuɗi na iya bayyana yadda yake haɗa kai da tsarin tsarin ilimi. Z
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Seth Sandronsky ɗan jarida ne na tushen Sacramento.