Ngomhla zingama-28 kuNcwaba (August), okuyinkomba yokuqala yokuthi amazwe ase-Europe azimisele ukusiza abaphathi baka-Obama ukuthi bafeze isithembiso sabo sokuvala iGuantánamo ngokwamukela iziboshwa esezivulelwe ukukhululwa, kodwa ezingakwazi ukubuyiselwa ezweni ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi zizobhekana nokuhlukunyezwa lapho zibuya. , umnyango wezangaphakathi wasePortugal wamemezela ukuthi iziboshwa ezimbili zaseSyria zazifikile zivela eGuantánamo futhi zase zidedelwe lapho zifika ePortugal. Izikhulu zengeze ngokuthi "azikhokhwa malini, bangabantu abakhululekile futhi bahlala ezindlini ezihlinzekwe nguhulumeni."
NgoDisemba wokugcina, IPortugal yahola ekunikezeni ukubuyisela iziboshwa ezikhishwe eGuantánamo, lapho, encwadini eya kwabanye abaholi be-EU, uLuís Amado, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle wasePutukezi, ememezela, "Isikhathi sesifikile sokuthi i-European Union iqhubekele phambili. Njengomthetho nokuhambisana, kufanele sithumele uphawu olucacile lokuzimisela kwethu ukusiza uhulumeni wase-US kulokho, okungukuthi ngokuhlaliswa kabusha kwababoshiwe. Mayelana nohulumeni wasePortugal, sizotholakala ukuze sibambe iqhaza.”
Lesi sivumelwano ngokusobala savalwa ngoJuni, lapho uhulumeni ememezela ukuthi usekulungele ukuthatha iziboshwa “ezimbili noma ezintathu” eGuantánamo, kulandela ukuvakashelwa kweSithunywa Esikhethekile saseMelika uDaniel Fried. Lapho befika ePortugal, kwakungaziwa ukuthi bangobani, kodwa ngoMsombuluko, amaphepha asenkantolo akhishwe uMnyango Wezobulungiswa (PDF) uveze ukuthi la madoda amabili ngu-Mohammed al-Tumani oneminyaka engu-27 ubudala (ohlonzwe yiPentagon njengo-Muhammed Khan Tumani), no-Moammar Badawi Dokhan oneminyaka engu-37 ubudala.
In ukukhululwa kwezindaba ekhishwe ngoLwesihlanu, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US uchaze izimo zokukhululwa kwamadoda, wagcizelela ukuthi izwi lokugcina ekugunyazeni ukudluliselwa kwabo lithathwe yiCongress. “Njengoba kuqondiswe uMengameli ngoJanuwari 22, 2009 I-Order Order, i-interagency Guantánamo Review Task Force yenza ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwalawa macala," i-DoJ yamemezela, yengeza, "Ngenxa yalokho kubuyekezwa, ababoshiwe bagunyazwe ukudluliselwa besuka e-Guantánamo Bay. Ngomhla ka-Aug. 6, 2009, ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko zokubika ezigunyazwe yiCongressly, abaphathi bazise iCongress ngenhloso yabo yokudlulisa lezi ziboshwa ezimbili.”
UMnyango Wezobulungiswa nawo ubuzimisele ukudambisa noma yikuphi ukwesaba ukuthi la madoda angase abe nosongo esikhathini esizayo. "Ukudluliselwa kwezimali kwenziwe ngaphansi kohlelo phakathi kwe-United States kanye nohulumeni wasePortugal," kusho umbiko wabezindaba, wengeza, "I-United States ixhumanise nohulumeni wasePortugal ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha futhi kuzokwenziwa. qhubeka nokuxoxisana nohulumeni wasePortugal mayelana nalezi ziboshwa.”
Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lezi zixwayiso zazingenasidingo, njengoba uhulumeni wamaPutukezi wayengeke athathe amadoda kwasekuqaleni, futhi wayengeke neze amemezele ukuthi “angabantu abakhululekile futhi ahlala ezindlini ezihlinzekwa uhulumeni,” ukube bekunokungabaza ngobuncane babo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindaba zabo, njengoba zembulwe emibhalweni etholakala esidlangalaleni evela eGuantánamo, ziphinde zembule ukuthi akekho umuntu owayexhumene nakancane nobushokobezi bamazwe ngamazwe, okuveza, njengoba kuvame kakhulu ngaphambili, ukuthi ukuxokozela kwamaphiko angakwesokudla ngalabo abasaboshiwe ejele kukhulu kakhulu. uhlobo oluthi uma silubhekisisa, luveze okwengeziwe ngobugwala kanye nokucwaswa kwabokufika kwalabo abenza izimangalo kunalokho elikwenza ngeningi leziboshwa ngokwazo.
U-Mohammed al-Tumani: indaba yokuhlukunyezwa okuphikelelayo
Omncane kulaba ababili abakhululiwe, uMohammed al-Tumani, owayeneminyaka engu-18 kuphela ubudala lapho efika e-Afghanistan ngoJuni 2001, ubelokhu emile kwelokuthi wafika engowokufika nomndeni wakhe wonke, futhi wabanjwa ngephutha noyise. , u-Abdul Nasir al-Tumani, osagcinwe eGuantánamo. Njengoba ngichazile encwadini yami Amafayela e-Guantánamo, ngokusekelwe kuma-akhawunti amadoda ezinkantolo zawo zezempi:
Ubaba wayevakashele e-Afghanistan ngo-1999 eyofuna umsebenzi, wathola umsebenzi endaweni yokudlela eKabul futhi waletha amalungu omndeni wakhe ayishumi ngoJuni 2001, okuhlanganisa no-Mohammed, ugogo wakhe kanye nengane enezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala. Amanye amalungu omndeni ayisithupha - umndeni kamalume - afika isonto ngaphambi kuka-9/11, kodwa ngemuva kokuzwa ngokuhlaselwa kweMelika umndeni wabalekela eJalalabad, lapho wahlala khona inyanga, wabe esehamba ngezinyawo waya ePakistan. Endleleni, umqondisi wabo weluleka u-al-Tumani ukuba avumele abesifazane nezingane bahambe ngemoto, ukuze bangabi yizigebengu zomgwaqo omkhulu, kodwa lapho yena nendodana yakhe befika ePakistan izakhamuzi zendawo zabanikela ebuthweni lasePakistan. .
U-Mohammed uphinde wathi, ngesikhathi evalelwe ePakistan, emajele amathathu ahlukene, yena noyise "babebhekene nokushaywa nokuhlukunyezwa kanzima," futhi ikhala lakhe laphuka. Wanezela ukuthi kulo lonke lolu vivinyo “kwakunabaseMelika ababekhona,” futhi lokhu kulandisa kunanelwa nguyise, owathi amaPakistani “ayesihlukumeza kanzima ngempela,” futhi abaseMelika “babebuka futhi bemile khona lapho. AmaMelika abekhona. Nginesiqiniseko salokho ngoba yibona abebesiphenya.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMohammed wachaza ukuthi, ejele lase-US esikhumulweni sezindiza saseKandahar (lapho iziboshwa zazicutshungulwa khona eGuantánamo), isiphongo sikayise saphuka “futhi abeSiphambano Esibomvu bakubona lokhu base bebhala umbiko,” futhi wenezela ukuthi waphuka isandla sakhe sobunxele, kanye “nezifo eziningi” “nezinye izindlela zokuhlushwa ngokwengqondo,” kuhlanganise nokulala. ukuswela.
Ubuye wachaza, njengoba uCarol Rosenberg echaza ku Miami Herald, ukuthi lapho ephenywa ekamu i-X-Ray (ijele lokuqala elingajwayelekile eGuantánamo, elavalwa ngo-June 2002), “omunye wabaphenyi waletha izintambo ezimbili ezixhunywe kugesi wathi uma ungasho ukuthi wena noyihlo evela e-al-Qaeda noma eTaliban, ngizokubeka lezi entanyeni yakho,'” nokuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwaqhubeka eCamp Delta (isikhundla esihlala unomphela seCamp X-Ray), lapho athi “wayesongelwa ngobudlova,” nokuthi “ umphenyi wasongela ngokuthi uzomhlukumeza kwelinye izwe.”
Ngaphandle kwalezi zibonelo ezishaqisayo zokuhlukunyezwa, okungenakuqinisekiswa ngokuzimela (kodwa okuvumelana nezimangalo zezinye iziboshwa eziningi), indaba ka-Mohammed al-Tumani nayo iphawuleka ngesibonelo esimangalisayo sendlela izinsolo ezenziwa ezinye iziboshwa ezazithathwa njengobufakazi obuthembekile. yiziphathimandla zaseGuantánamo, ngisho nalapho, njengasendabeni ka-al-Tumani, ubuqiniso balezi zimangalo bubukelwa phansi izikhulu zezempi ezazikhethe ukuphenya ikhwalithi yobufakazi obucatshangelwayo kunokubuvuma ngokusobala.
Imiphumela edabukisayo yomqambimanga owaziwayo wase-Guantánamo
Njengoba uCorine Hegland echaza ezihlokweni ezimbili ezihamba phambili ze Ijenali Yesizwe ngo-2006 (“I-Guantánamo's Grip"Futhi"Ubufakazi Obungenalutho”), u-Mohammed al-Tumani wayengesinye seziboshwa ezimbili okwaphenywa uMmeleli wazo Womuntu Siqu waphenywa ngezinsolo ezingezimanga ezibhekiswe kuzo ezinye iziboshwa. Abamele babeyizikhulu zezempi eziqokwe esikhundleni sabameli ku-Combatant Status Review Tribunals, amabhodi okubukeza asungulwa ngo-2004, okuthi, njengomuntu owake waba ngaphakathi, Lt. Col. Stephen Abraham uye wachaza, zaklanywa ngokuyinhloko ukuba zigxivize isitembu seziboshwa ngaphambili ngokuthi “amasosha ayizitha” ezingavalelwa ngaphandle kwecala noma ukuqulwa kwecala.
Odabeni lukaFarouq Saif (ohlonzwe yiPentagon njengoFarouq Ali Ahmed), umYemeni owayesolwa ngokugada isikhumulo sezindiza esizimele sika-Osama bin Laden eKandahar ngesinye isiboshwa sase-Yemen, uMmeleli wakhe wangasese (uLieutenant Colonel we-Air Force esemthethweni kodwa engaziwa) umbhikisho obhalwe phansi ngemuva kokubheka ifayela likaSaif nokuthola ukuthi ubufakazi bukahulumeni kuphela bokuthi ubesesikhumulweni sezindiza sika-bin Laden kwakuyisitatimende sesinye isiboshwa, okwathi ngokombhalo we-FBI esiwethule enkantolo, sasingumqambimanga owaziwayo. Ngokusho kwe-FBI, "wayengaqambi amanga ngoFarouq kuphela, kodwa nangezinye iziboshwa zaseYemeni. Omunye oboshiwe uthe wake wababona abaseYemeni ngezinye izikhathi nasezindaweni lapho bebengeke babe khona. ” Naphezu kwalokhu, uSaif wahlulelwa “njengempi yesitha,” futhi usagcinwe eGuantánamo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Hegland uphinde waxoxa ngokuthi uMohammed al-Tumani wabanjwa kanjani ngamanga ezimpimpi, njengoba Ngachaza esihlokweni ku-2007:
Enkantolo yakhe, [u-al-Tumani] uziphikile izinsolo zokuthi wayeye ekamu lokuqeqeshwa i-al-Farouq [ikamu elikhulu lokuqeqesha ama-Arabhu, elihlotshaniswa no-Osama bin laden eminyakeni eyandulela i-9/11] ngamandla kangangokuthi uMmeleli wakhe Wakhe. yanquma ukuphenya kabanzi ngalolu daba. Nokho, lapho ebheka ubufakazi obuhlukanisiwe, wathola ukuthi indoda eyodwa kuphela - isiboshwa esifanayo esishiwo ngenhla - yathi yambona e-al-Farouq, futhi yamkhomba ukuthi yayilapho ezinyangeni ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba ifike e-Afghanistan. Njengoba uCorine Hegland achaza, “Isikhulu saseMelika esinelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi sadonsa ifayela eliyimfihlo lommangaleli, sabona ukuthi sasimangalele amadoda angu-60, futhi, ngokungazelelwe, sakhipha amafayela azo zonke iziboshwa ummangaleli ayezibeke ekamu elilodwa lokuqeqeshwa. Akekho noyedwa kulawa madoda owayese-Afghanistan ngesikhathi ummangalelwa ethi ubabone ekamu.”
NjengakuFarouq Saif, nokho, ukubhikisha koMmeleli Wabantu kwaba yize, ngoba uMohammed al-Tumani naye wahlulelwa “njengempi yesitha,” futhi kwadingeka alinde iminyaka ecishe ibe mihlanu ngaphambi kokuthi Ibutho likaMongameli Obama lokuBuyekeza iGuantánamo ekugcineni “lenze impi. ukubukezwa okuphelele” kwecala lakhe, futhi, mhlawumbe, kwatholakala ukuthi ubufakazi obubekwe yena babungenakwethenjwa. Okungachazwanga, nokho, yilokho okwenzeka emacaleni amanye amadoda angama-58 asolwa ngumqambimanga owaziwayo, noma kungani uyise kaMohammed - okubonakala sengathi izimo zakhe bezingehlukile - akazange akhishwe ukuze akhululwe.
Isosha le-Taliban foot?
U-Les waziwa ngendoda yesibili, u-Moammar Dokhan, owayeneminyaka engu-29 ngesikhathi ebanjwa emngceleni wasePakistan, njengoba engazange abambe iqhaza kunoma yiziphi izinkantolo noma amabhodi okubuyekeza e-Guantánamo. Ngokusho kwePentagon, "wasuka eSaudi Arabia waya e-Afghanistan ngenhloso ebekiwe yokujoyina iTaliban," "wasebenza njengonogada ongemuva futhi ephethe indawo yokubuka" eduze kwaseBagram, futhi "waphatha isibhamu ngesikhathi esemsebenzini. iposi lokubuka.”
Ngaphandle kokunye ababethembele kukho, iziphathimandla zazama ukunonga lolu hlu oluncane ngezimangalo zokuthi "igama lakhe laliqukethwe ohlwini lwababoshiwe abatholakala kukhompyutha eyayisetshenziswa abasolwa ngokuba ngamalungu e-al-Qaeda ePakistan ekuqaleni kuka-2002," nokuthi Igama lakhe "laqukethwe ohlwini lwama-mujahideen athunjiwe atholakala ePakistan ku-hard drive ehlotshaniswa nomsebenzi ophezulu we-al-Qaeda," nakuba Ngichaze ngephrofayili emfushane ngecala likaDokhan ngonyaka odlule:
Akwaziwa ukuthi lezi zimangalo ezimbili empeleni zibhekisela efayeleni lekhompuyutha efanayo, kodwa akukho bufakazi banoma yini enye ngaphandle kokuthi wabanjwa futhi wagqunywa ejele njengomuntu okusolwa ukuthi wayeyisidlamlilo. “Lolu hlu,” njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye iziboshwa eziningi, kungenzeka ukuthi lwalungeyona into engaphezu kombiko wamagama eziboshwa, okukhulunywe ngawo kwabezindaba noma oluputshuzwe onogada bamadoda, futhi lubonakala lungelona usizo njengobufakazi. izimangalo zabaphathi bakaBush zokuthi labo abaseGuantánamo “bayizitha,” ngoba uMongameli wanquma, ngaphandle kwesidingo sobufakazi, ukuthi kwakunjalo.
Kodwa-ke, nakuba izinsolo zeTaliban zikhomba ukuthi uDokhan wayengeyena omunye wabaqashwa beTaliban abaphansi kakhulu empini yombango yamaSulumane eyandulela ukuhlasela kwe-9/11 futhi wayengahlanganise lutho ne-al-Qaeda (yize uDokhan ngokwakhe. "phika [d] ukuthi wake waba se-Afghanistan"), kuyamangaza ukuthi i-Task Force ka-Obama yamvumela ukuba akhululwe, njengoba, kwenye indawo, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa ukusebenza isikhathi esengeziwe ukuvimbela amajaji Ezinkantolo Zesifunda ekunikezeni izikhalo ze-habeas corpus zezinye iziboshwa ukuxhumana kwazo neTaliban okungasadalulwanga, futhi, ngesonto eledlule, bathole lokho okubonakala kuwukunqoba okungajwayelekile ngenkathi iJaji uKollar-Kotelly likhipha isinqumo sokuthi i-Kuwaiti. isiboshwa, Fawzi al-Odah, angaqhubeka nokuboshwa ngoba uhulumeni wayesesungule, “ngokuqiniswa kobufakazi,” ukuthi cishe wayezibandakanya neTaliban kanye/noma i-al-Qaeda.
I-Logic ibeka ukuthi labo abavakashela e-Afghanistan ukuyokhonza namaTaliban bawuhlobo oluhlukile lwesiboshwa kunalabo ababengamalungu e-al-Qaeda, futhi babezibophezele ekwakheni itulo nokuphishekela ukuhlasela kwamaphekula ngokumelene ne-US namadlelandawonye ayo, kodwa umqondo wawuyivelakancane. Impahla ekuphathweni kukaBush, eyakhetha esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa i-al-Qaeda neTaliban futhi yapakisha iGuantánamo namadoda ayengazi lutho ngo-Osama bin Laden noma ukuhlasela kwangomhla ka-9/11, futhi engazange azibandakanye nobuphekula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yalokhu kudideka isekhona nanamuhla, njengoba abaphathi baka-Obama bekhethe ukwenza kanjalo gcina inganekwane efanayo ukuthi i-al-Qaeda namaTaliban ayashintshana, kanye nezinkantolo zesifunda nazo ziboshelwe yilokhu kuntuleka komehluko okuyindida.
Kungenzeka singalokothi sithole ukuthi iGuantánamo Review Task Force eyimfihlo yaphetha ngani mayelana no-Moammar Dokhan (noma, ngaleyo ndaba, ngo-Mohammed al-Tumani), kodwa ngokunqamula ihaba futhi enikeza la madoda amabili inkululeko yawo, uhulumeni wasePortugal usanda kusungula. ukuthi kunombono ocacile wokuthi, njengoba sekusele izinyanga ezine nje kuze kufike umnqamulajuqu kaMongameli Obama wokuvala iGuantánamo, lusashoda kakhulu e-United States.
U-Andy ungumbhali we Amafayela e-Guantánamo: Izindaba Zababoshiwe abangama-774 Ejele LaseMelika Elingekho emthethweni.. Iwebhusayithi yakhe ithi: http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/
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