Ngo-February 24, njengoba ngabika esihlokweni esithi, “I-Black Hole yase-Guantánamo,” IJaji uHenry H. Kennedy Jr. linikeze isicelo se-habeas corpus sika-Uthman Abdul Rahim Mohammed Uthman, waseYemeni owashaqwa ewela umngcele esuka e-Afghanistan eya ePakistan ngoDisemba 2001. ukukhululwa kwakhe, nginikeze incazelo emfushane yalokho okwakwaziwa esidlangalaleni ngendaba yakhe, ngithi:
Njengoba ngichazile encwadini yami Amafayela e-Guantánamo, u-Uthman, owayeneminyaka engu-22 ngesikhathi ebanjwa, “wathi wayehambe phakathi kweKabul neKhost efundisa iKoran kusukela ngo-March kuya ku-December 2001.” Nakuba “avuma ukuthi wayehlala emzini wamaTaliban eQuetta, ePakistan, okwakuyindawo evamile yokungena kumavolontiya ayeze ukuzolwa namaTaliban,” wathi lokhu “kwenziwa kuphela ngoba wayetshelwe ukuthi kwakungeyona indawo. ukuphela kwendlela yokuthi angene e-Afghanistan."
Umbono weJaji Kennedy ukhishwe enyangeni edlule (PDF), kodwa ngabe sengihoxiswa kungazelelwe, futhi, mhlawumbe ngobumnandi obungadingekile, ngayeka ukuyihlaziya, ngilindele ukuba iphinde ikhishwe, njengoba ngangingaqiniseki ukuthi kungakanani okwakuzolungiswa. Lapho umbono obuyekeziwe ekugcineni ukhishwa ngo-Ephreli 21 (PDF), ngabona ukuthi igama lomseshi wobugebengu osebenza eNaval Criminal Investigative Service lalisusiwe, njengoba kwakunjalo nabanye abasebenzi abaqanjiwe, kodwa ezinye izici ezibalulekile azizange; ikakhulukazi, amagama ezinye iziboshwa ezimbili ezazisola ukuthi u-Uthman "wayengunogada ka-Osama bin Laden." La madoda amabili ngu-Sharqwi Abdu Ali al-Hajj kanye no-Sanad Yiislam Ali al-Kazimi, futhi engxenyeni ebaluleke kakhulu yombono, iJaji Kennedy lithe:
INkantolo ngeke ithembele esitatimendeni sikaHajj noma sikaKazimi ngoba kunobufakazi obungephikiswe erekhodini bokuthi, ngesikhathi sokuphenywa lapho benza khona izitatimende, bobabili abesilisa babesanda kuhlukunyezwa.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kukaSharqwi Abdu Ali al-Hajj
Lokhu, ngokushaqisayo, kwakuyinto ewubala. U-Al-Hajj (ophinde ahlonzwe ngokuthi u-Abdu Ali Sharqawi, kodwa owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi u-Riyadh Umgqugquzeli) washaqwa ngesikhathi kugasela umuzi ePakistan ngoFebhuwari 2002 wabe esenikelwa eJordani, enye yezindawo. okungenani iziboshwa eziyi-15 ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhe kwanikezwa iziphathimandla zaseJordani phakathi kuka-2001 no-2004, lapho agcinwa khona cishe iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokuba adluliselwe "ejele Elimnyama" leCIA eduze kwaseKabul, kwase kuthi, ngeBagram, waya eGuantánamo.
Njengoba uMahluleli uKennedy achaza, watshela ummeli wakhe, uKristin B. Wilhelm, ukuthi, “lapho egcinwe eJordani, ‘wayeshaywa njalo futhi esatshiswa ngokushaywa ugesi nokunukubezwa,’ futhi ekugcineni ‘wakhiqiza amaqiniso’ futhi wavuma ukusolwa kwabaphenyi bakhe. ‘ukuze ayeke ukuhlushwa.’” “Ejele Elimnyama,” wanezela, “wagcinwa ebumnyameni obuphelele futhi elalela umculo onomsindo oqhubekayo.”
Izincazelo zika-Al-Hajj ze "Ijele Elimnyama" zihambisana nalezo zezinye iziboshwa eziningi, kuhlanganise nesakhamuzi saseBrithani. Binyam Mohamed, izincazelo zabo zafakwa esihlokweni sami, “Umlando Wokuhlukumeza Umculo 'Empini Yokwesaba.'” Kodwa-ke, okushodayo ekuhlaziyeni isikhathi sakhe eJordani ukulandisa okuqhubekayo kokuhlukunyezwa, ukuvuma amanga kanye nokuxhumana njalo kwabahlukumezi bakhe ne-CIA, okuvele ngo. incwadi enikezwe uJoanne Mariner weHuman Rights Watch ngesikhathi evakashele eJordani ngo-2008, eyayibhalwe ngu-al-Hajj ngesikhathi eboshiwe, cishe ngo-Okthoba 2002. Kulo mbhalo, owashushumbiswa wakhishwa ejele, wachaza ukuthi "wayeboshwe njengesiboshwa esiyimfihlo yi-Jordanian. inkonzo yezobunhloli: engabhalisiwe, inqanyuliwe kukho konke ukuxhumana futhi yafihlwa phakathi nokuvakasha kwabameleli beKomiti Yezizwe Ngezizwe Yesiphambano Esibomvu,” futhi yanikeza “isifinyezo esifushane sokuhlupheka kwami,” njengoba kwabikwa uMariner:
“Bangishaye ngendlela engawazi ububele,” kubhala uSharqawi, ebhekise kubathumbi bakhe baseJordani, “futhi basangishaya. Bangisongela ngogesi, ngezinyoka nezinja ... [Bathi] sizokwenza ubone ukufa.” USharqawi uchaze ukuphenywa kwakhe ngemibuzo, echaza ukuthi abaseJordani babedla izimpendulo zakhe emuva kuCIA. “Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma lowo ongiphenyayo engibuza ngolwazi oluthile, bese ngikhuluma,” kusho uSharqawi, “uyangibuza ukuthi ngitshele abantu baseMelika lokhu. Uma ngithi cha avele agxume ngenjabulo, angishiye ayobikela abaphathi bakhe, bajabule.”
Embikweni wokugcina weHuman Rights Watch, “I-Double Jeopardy, "Izinga aphenywa ngalo mayelana namanye amadoda - esebenzisa izithombe, e-Afghanistan naseGuantánamo, ngokusobala echazwe ngokuthi "i-albhamu yomndeni" - yembulwa endimeni elandelayo, engagcini nje ngokuchaza izingcindezi eziholele ekutheni anikeze izinsolo ezingamanga ezibhekiswe ku-Uthman Abdul Rahim Mohammed Uthman e-Bagram, kodwa futhi kukhombisa ukuthi amakhulu - noma izinkulungwane - zezinye izinsolo ezingamanga okungenzeka zakhishwa kanjani:
Ngangiphenywa ngemibuzo njalo, kusihlwa nasemini. Ngiboniswe izinkulungwane zezithombe, futhi empeleni ngiqonde izinkulungwane, angenzi ihaba ... Futhi phakathi kwakho konke lokhu unokuhlushwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuqalekiswa, ukululazwa. Babengisabise ngokuthi ngizonukubezwa ngokobulili futhi ngibanjwe ugesi. Ngatshelwa ukuthi uma ngifuna ukuhamba nginokukhubazeka okuhlala njalo kokubili ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba, lokho kwakungahlelwa. Bathe banazo zonke izinsiza zaseJordani zokufeza lokho. Ngatshelwa ukuthi kufanele ngikhulume, kufanele ngibatshele konke.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kweSanad al-Kazimi
Indaba yokuvuma amanga kukaSanad al-Kazimi nayo iyakhathaza. Wathathwa e-United Arab Emirates ngoJanuwari 2003, wabe esenikelwa emabuthweni ase-US, amfaka ejele eliyimfihlo le-CIA elingaziwa, wabe eseya “Ejele Elimnyama” kanye naseBagram, futhi, njengoba iJaji uKennedy lichaza, wamtshela ukuthi. ummeli, uMartha Rayner, ukuthi, “lapho [eboshiwe] ngaphandle kwe-United States, abaphenyi bakhe bamshaya; wambamba enqunu futhi eboshwe ngamaketanga esitokisini esimnyama esibandayo; wamphonsa emanzini abandayo eboshwe izandla nemilenze; futhi wamnukubeza ngokocansi. UKazimi utshele uRayner ukuthi ekugcineni “[h]enze isinqumo sokuthi ‘Yebo’ kunoma yini ababeyisho abaphenyi ukuze agweme ukuhlushwa okwengeziwe.”
Ngemva kwalokhu wayiswa “eJele Elimnyama,” lapho, wathi, “wayehlale esebumnyameni futhi … umculo onomsindo oqhubekayo. Kubikwa ukuthi uKazimi uzame ukuzibulala izikhawu ezintathu. Watshela uRayner ukuthi waqaphela ukuthi ‘wayenganciphisa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokutshela abaphenyi ngemibuzo ababefuna ukukuzwa.’”
E-Bagram, waqhubeka, “wayehlaliswe yedwa, eboshiwe, 'wahlukunyezwa engqondweni futhi elinyazwe ukuhlambalaza' konogada iKoran' futhi ephenywa 'imini nobusuku, futhi kaningi.' [Watshela] uRayner ukuthi ‘uzame kanzima’ ukutshela ababemphenya ngemibuzo eBagram ukwaziswa okufanayo ayekutshele ababemphenya ngemibuzo ngaphambili ‘ukuze bangamlimazi.’”
Lokhu kubi kakhulu, kodwa emuva ngo-Agasti 2007, uJane Mayer we- New Yorker ukhulume noRamzi Kassem, omunye wabameli baka-al-Kazimi, okuthe, njengoba ngichazile isihloko ngaleso sikhathi, wengeza imininingwane eyengeziwe, emtshela ukuthi:
[U-Al-Kazimi] “wayelengiswa izingalo zakhe isikhathi eside, okwenza imilenze yakhe ivuvuke kabuhlungu … Kubuhlungu kakhulu, akakwazi nokukhuluma ngakho. Uhlengezela izinyembezi.” Uphinde wathi u-al-Kazimi “wathi, ngesikhathi elenga, washaywa ngamakhebula kagesi,” futhi wachaza ukuthi wamtshela nokuthi, “esejele Elimnyama,” “wazama ukuzibulala izikhathi ezintathu, ngokushaya ikhanda. ezindongeni”: “Wakwenza waze waquleka. Base bemthunga bambuyisela phezulu. Ngakho waphinda futhi. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho evuka, wayeboshwe ngamaketanga, futhi babemnike izidakamizwa zokupholisa. Wacela ukuya endlini yokugezela, waphinda futhi.” Kulesi sigameko sokugcina, uKassem wanezela, "unikezwe amaphilisi okuthoba, futhi waboshwa ngendlela evalekile."
Indaba ka-Uthman Abdul Rahim Mohammed Uthman
Lokhu kulandisa, ngokudabukisayo, kufanelana nephethini yokuhlushwa nokuvuma amanga okuye kucace nakakhulu njengoba isikhathi sihamba nobufakazi obengeziwe bembulwa, futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi la madoda amabili achazwe ngenhla phakathi kweziboshwa ezingama-94 - abaningi namanje abangaziwa - ababegcinwe emajele e-CIA ayimfihlo futhi bephathwa ngesihluku esikhulu (PDF). Uma iqhathaniswa nabo, indaba ka-Uthman ngokwayo isibekele kalula.
Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyaqondakala, njengoba kungekho lutho ebufakazini obucatshangelwe bukahulumeni obukuphikisa ngokuphelele ukugomela kwakhe ukuthi wayese-Afghanistan njengesithunywa sevangeli, ngoba lonke icala abhekene nalo lisekelwe ezinsolweni ezenziwe ezinye iziboshwa (ngaphezu kuka-al-Hajj kanye no-al- Kazimi), noma uzama ukufaka icala ngokuzihlanganisa ngasohlangothini lukahulumeni olumenza into efifiyela ecaleni lakhe.
Kuwo wonke umbono wejaji, eminye imizamo kahulumeni yokuqinisekisa ukuthi u-Uthman wayengunogada ka-bin Laden, ukuthi waqeqeshwa ekamu le-al-Qaeda futhi wayekhona empini yaseTora Bora (lapho i-al-Qaeda kanye neTaliban). yalwa nebutho lezempi lase-US kanye nabameleli bayo base-Afghan ngoNovemba nangoDisemba 2001) bahlukunyezwe ngokuhlonza okusekelwe esithombeni kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zama-kunyas (iziteketiso) iJaji uKennedy awathola engagculisi. Okuwukuphela kwezinsolo ezinikezwa noma yibuphi ubunzima yizimangalo zokuthi umuntu “owayesekela i-jihad” wamxhasa ngezimali uhambo lwakhe, ukuthi ulandele umzila owawuvame ukusetshenziswa amasosha e-al-Qaeda, nokuthi ubonakale ezindlini ezimbili zezivakashi e-Afghanistan okubikwa ukuthi zazihlobene. ne-al-Qaeda.
Ezinye iziboshwa zingena ziphuma kule ndaba - u-Abdul Hakim Bukhari, waseSaudi (ekhishwe eGuantánamo ngoSepthemba 2007) owafika e-Afghanistan ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwe-jihad ngo-9/11 kodwa waboshwa njengenhloli, owathi u-Uthman “wayeyilungu lika-Osama bin Laden … imininingwane yezokuphepha” ngaphambi kuka-9/11, lapho u-Bukhari engekho. t ezweni futhi wayengenalo ulwazi olunjalo; kanye noRichard Belmar, isakhamuzi saseBrithani (eyakhululwa ngoJanuwari 2005), owathathwa ePakistan ngoFebhuwari 2002, futhi okwathi, “lapho eboniswa isithombe sika-Uthman,” wathi “'kungenzeka ukuthi wayengummeli ophansi,' noma umholi. , 'endlini yezivakashi yaseKandahar,'” nakuba, njengoba kubonakala, uBelmar wayengekho eKandahar ngesikhathi esifanayo no-Uthman.
Ijaji lenqabile ukusishaya indiva lesi sitatimende ngokuphelele, kodwa, uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, kunzima ukubona ukuthi kungani kungenjalo, njengoba isisekelo saso empeleni sibonakala sintekenteke njengakho konke okunye okuphonswe u-Uthman nguhulumeni ngethemba lokuthi okunye induku, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, Kusho uBelmar ekukhululweni kwakhe ukuthi, ngesinye isikhathi eBagram, “kwafakwa isibhamu emlonyeni,” futhi echaza, “Kwakumnandi ukubanda, kubaba. Ngacabanga, 'Yebo, lokhu kuba nzima, maningi amathuba okuthi bazokhipha isibhamu.'
Kwenye indawo, uhulumeni waphendukela ekuzameni ukuba necala ngokuhlanganyela, ethi, ngenxa yokuthi u-Uthman wabanjwa eduze kwaseTora Bora namanye amadoda angaba ngu-30, “ambalwa kubo ayewazi e-Yemen,” “abamukelwa - noma okungenani. , okusolakala ukuthi ngamalungu e-al-Qaeda, amanye awo okungenzeka ukuthi aphuma eTora Bora,” iNkantolo kufanele icabange ukuthi indaba ka-Uthman yobuthunywa bevangeli ingamanga.
Iqiniso, uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, kunzima ukulithola, njengoba iJaji uKennedy laqaphela. Iqembu lamadoda alinganiselwa ku-30 u-Uthman ashaqwe nawo sekuyisikhathi eside uhulumeni ebiza ngawo ngokuthi “Engcolile Amashumi Amathathu,” futhi kuvezwe, njengasendabeni ka-Uthman, njengabaqaphi baka-bin Laden. Kuze kube leli cala lifika enkantolo, bekucatshangwa ukuthi izinsolo zonogada zivela ku-Mohamed al-Qahtani kuphela, obekucatshangwa ukuthi uneminyaka engama-20.th isigebengu sokuhlasela kwe-9/11, ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhe e-Guantánamo kwaziwa kakhulu (futhi kuvunywe isikhulu sePentagon uSusan Crawford ngoJanuwari 2009), kodwa u-al-Qahtani akekho ngendlela engaqondakali ecaleni lika-Uthman, njengoba kuthiwa yilungu le-al-Qaeda u-Ibrahim al-Qosi (obhekene nabo njengamanje. ukuqulwa kwecala yiKhomishana Yezempi) futhi ulahlwe yilungu le-al-Qaeda Ali Hamza al-Bahlul, abathunjwa nabo ngalesi sikhathi.
Kungase kudumaze uhulumeni ukuthi avume ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi wonke umuntu oshaqwe ngalesi sikhathi ubeyingxenye ye-al-Qaeda, nokuthi amanye amadoda kungenzeka ukuthi ayeyizithunywa zevangeli noma izisebenzi zosizo, ezama ukubalekela isiphithiphithi. ye-Afghanistan yangemva kokuhlasela njengengxenye yofuduko olujwayelekile lwama-Arab, kodwa akukhona ngale kwemingcele yesizathu ukuthi kunjalo, njengoba iJaji uKennedy lamukela esiphethweni salo, lapho ethi:
Ngamafuphi, iNkantolo ibunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi u-Uthman (1) wafunda esikoleni okwakubuthwe kuso amanye amadoda ukuba alwele i-al-Qaeda; (2) wathola imali yohambo lwakhe lokuya e-Afghanistan kumuntu owayesekela i-jihad; (3) waya e-Afghanistan ngomzila obuye uthathwe ngabasebenzi be-al-Qaeda; (4) ubonwe ezindlini ezimbili ze-al-Qaeda e-Afghanistan; futhi (5) wayenamalungu e-al-Qaeda eduze kwaseTora Bora ngemva kwempi eyenzeka lapho.
Ngisho noma ehlanganiswa, lawa maqiniso awayigculisi iNkantolo ngokucutshungulwa kuqala kobufakazi u-Uthman abuthola futhi wakhipha imiyalo evela ku-al-Qaeda. Nakuba lolu lwazi luhambisana nesiphakamiso sokuthi u-Uthman ubeyingxenye ye-al-Qaeda, akubona ubufakazi balezo zinsolo. Njengoba kuchaziwe, irekhodi alinabo ubufakazi obuthembekile bokuthi u-Uthman wayengunogada ka-Osama bin Laden noma wayelwela i-al-Qaeda. Impela, awekho amaqiniso abaphendulile abawabonisile ayiqiniso awubufakazi obuqondile bokulwa noma ngenye indlela "ukwamukela [ukwenza] imiyalo" ... futhi, ngisho bendawonye, abapendi isithombe esanele esifaka icala ukuze babonise ukuthi abaphendulile cela iNkantolo ukuthi yenze ukuthi kunembe kakhulu kunalokho okungalungile. Izinhlangano ezinamalungu e-al-Qaeda, noma izikhungo lapho amalungu e-al-Qaeda anokuxhumana nazo, azizona zodwa ngokwanele ukukhombisa ukuthi, kungenzeka kakhulu, u-Uthman ubeyingxenye ye-al-Qaeda.
Lapho enikeza u-Uthman's habeas isicelo, iJaji uKennedy lanezela ukuthi, "ekuqaleni ngamahloni," obunye ubufakazi bukahulumeni "babubeka u-Uthman icala futhi busekela isikhundla sokuthi uboshwe ngokusemthethweni," kodwa ukuthi, ekuhlolisisweni, kwaba khona. "isizathu sokunganiki enye imali nhlobo futhi nesizathu sokuphetha ngokuthi okusele akukhona cishe njengokungabaza ngesikhundla sommangalelwa njengoba besho."
Isiphetho esishaqisayo
Kunjalo impela, kodwa okushodayo esiphethweni seJaji uKennedy, kodwa okusobala ngokusobala ngokombono wakhe uwonke, ukuthi izithunzi ezingakaze zihlangane eduze kwesiqu sika-Uthman Abdul Rahim Mohammed Uthman ngofakazi abathembekile, kodwa ngodwendwe lwezisulu zokuhlushwa noma ezinye iziboshwa ezikhathazwe ukuphenywa okungapheli, okwathi, lapho ziboniswa izithombe, zakha izindaba ukuze kuphele ukuhlushwa, noma ukuze abaphenyi baphume emhlane wabo.
Njengomboniso wendlela yokukhiqiza ukuvuma izono okungamanga ukuze kubekwe icala iziboshwa ezingabalulekile eGuantánamo, kungaba nzima ukuthola idokhumenti eveza kahle ukungabi nanjongo okunonya kwe "War on Terror" kunalo mbono, futhi lapho isithombe esikhulu sihlolisiswa - Isitatimende sika-Sharqwi Abdu Ali al-Hajj sokuthi, e-Jordan, “ngaboniswa izinkulungwane zezithombe, futhi ngempela ngiqonde izinkulungwane” — izinga lalokhu kuzingelwa kwabathakathi okushaqisayo sivezwa ngokusobala.
Ngale kweGuantánamo, lapho amajaji e-habeas enganikwa amandla okunyathela, kwazi bani mangaki amanye amadoda zabanjwa ngenxa yezivumo ezingamanga ezenziwa ngokuhlushwa?
Note: Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe nge-Guantánamo ne-habeas corpus, bona iphrojekthi yami, “Iviki le-Guantánamo Habeas. "
U-Andy ungumbhali we Amafayela e-Guantánamo: Izindaba Zababoshiwe abangama-774 Ejele LaseMelika Elingekho emthethweni.. Iwebhusayithi yakhe ithi: http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/
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