Ngomunye unyaka, elinye iphephabhuku iHeat elizifela ngesisindo sosaziwayo besifazane. “UJanuwari usho ukuzincisha ukudla, ngakho thola ithiphu elivela ezinkanyezini”, kubabaza uHeat. Okokuqala ngqa uCatherine Zeta Jones oneminyaka engu-37 ubudala onesisindo etsheni elikhulu le-10, obonga i-Weight Watchers manje useyitshe le-9 elinengqondo kakhulu.[i] Uhambe kahle Catherine. Kodwa imuphi umthelela izindaba zosaziwayo nomagazini besifazane emizimbeni yabesifazane ezinawo kwabaningi babafundi bazo - abesifazane ngokwabo?
Ucwaningo lukamagazini i-Bliss lwango-2004 lwamantombazane angu-2,000 lunikeza inkomba, uma ishaqisa, ukuqonda ngobudlelwane babesifazane abasebasha nemizimba yabo namuhla. Ngokocwaningo cishe yonke intombazanyana iyayizonda indlela ebukeka ngayo. Nakuba amaphesenti angu-19 alabo okwabuzwa ayekhuluphele, amaphesenti amangalisayo angu-67 ayecabanga ukuthi akhuluphele.[Ii]
Kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla okune-anorexia kanye ne-bulimia, cishe idlanzana lalabo okubuzwayo lihlushwa isimo esikhubazekile esasingaziwa eminyakeni engu-20 edlule.. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) iphatha abantu abangaphezu kuka-600,000 e-UK, okubenza bakhathazeke ngokungavamile ngesici esicatshangelwayo noma esincane ekubukekeni kwabo. Labo abane-BDD bavame ukucwila ezinyangeni zokucindezeleka, imijikelezo yokuzilimaza futhi ngokomunye uchwepheshe abangamaphesenti angu-25 baye bazama ukuzibulala.[Iii]
Lokhu kunengeka kwemizimba yawo akungabazeki ukuthi yisona sizathu esenza ukuthi amantombazane amabili kwamathathu aneminyaka engaphansi kuka-13 athe abekade edla ukudla, ngokocwaningo lweBliss. "Ukudla ukudla kwabesifazane yilokho ibhola eliyikho emadodeni: ukuthanda izwe lonke", kuphawula uMqondisi weDiet Breakers uMary Ann Evans.[Iv]
Okukhathazayo ukuthi amantombazane asemancane aya ngokuya ebheka izixazululo ezeqisayo zokulwa nokubukeka kwawo okungekuhle - ngaphezu kwengxenye yesine yezingane ezineminyaka engu-14 ezahlolwa zathi zicabange ukuhlinzwa ngopulasitiki. Lokhu kubonisa kahle ikusasa lemboni yokuhlinza izimonyo, esivele ibhekene nokukhula okuphawulekayo cishe ngemisebenzi yezimonyo ye-700,000 eyenziwa eBrithani ngo-2006, ngezindleko ze-£ 539 million. Ngonyaka ka-2009, umhlaziyi wemakethe uMintel ulindele ukuthi lokhu kube phezulu esigidini esisodwa, ngezindleko ezicishe zibe yisigidigidi esingu-£1.[V] I-British Association of Plastic Surgeons iphawula ukuthi abesifazane bakha amaphesenti angu-92 amakhasimende abo, kanti ukuhlinza amabele, ukunciphisa ibele, ukuhlinzwa ijwabu leso nokuphakamisa ubuso kuwukuhlinza okuthandwa kakhulu.[vi]
Wonke umuntu ocabangayo uzodumala ngalezi zibalo, kodwa sidinga ukukhumbula izimboni ezithile zinentshisekelo eqinile yokwandisa ukukhathazeka kwabesifazane ngemizimba yabo kanye nokukhuphula ukuzethemba kwabo okuphansi. Uhlu lude - imboni yobuhle, imboni yokudla, odokotela abahlinzayo bezimonyo, imboni yezemfashini, ukukhangisa kanye nomagazini besifazane. Lokhu akulona uhlobo oluthile lozungu olukhulu olubhekiswe kwabesifazane, umzamo nje wokukhulisa inzuzo.
Nakuba kunezici eziningi eziholela ekungazethembini nasekuphazamisekeni kokudla okufana ne-anorexia ne-bulimia, njengendlela yomzila wabaningi balaba abathakazelayo abezindaba ngokusobala badlala indima ebalulekile. Ngo-2000 iBritish Medical Association yenza ukuxhumana - ngokokuqala ngqa ngendlela emangalisayo - phakathi kwezithombe zamamodeli azacile ngokungavamile abusa ithelevishini nomagazini, kanye nokwanda kokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla.[vii] Ngaphezu kwalokho ucwaningo olwenziwa entsheni engu-1,000 42 enenkinga yokudla olwenziwa yi-Eating Disorders Association luthole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-XNUMX athi abezindaba badinga ukukhombisa “imizimba ‘yangempela’ eyengeziwe, lapho bebuzwa ukuthi yini engenziwa ukuvimbela abantu ukuba babe nezinkinga zokudla.[viii] “Ukuxhumana nosaziwayo angeke kweqiswe,” kusho uDkt Dee Dawson waseRhodes Farm Clinic for Eating Disorders. “Nakuba abane-anorexics bekhuluma ngezinkinga zomndeni, ingcindezi yesikole noma yokungafuni ukukhula, manje sibona amantombazane aphumela obala athi afuna ukufana noVictoria Beckham. Ubucwebe bubalulekile.”[ix] Futhi uma kungeyena unkosikazi kaDavid Beckham kuzoba ngomunye wosaziwayo besifazane abancane abayingozi njengoMischa Barton, uKeira Knightly noma uNicole Ritchie..
Siyaqhubeka-ke sibe nesimo esidabukisayo sabesifazane abafunda omagazini ikakhulukazi ababhalwe abanye besifazane abathi nakuba benza sengathi beseka abesifazane, empeleni balimaza impilo yabo engokwengqondo nengokwenyama.
Ingcindezi yokuthi abesifazane bathole umzimba ophelele isibe nzima nakakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ngokuvela kwezinhlelo ezifana ne-Extreme Makeover, Ten Years Younger., I-Cosmetic Surgery Live kanye ne-Swan. Kubenzi bohlelo le midlalo iwukuzijabulisa okungenangozi noma ikhombisa umphakathi nje. Kodwa-ke, lezi zizathu zokungazi ngamabomu zibukelwa phansi iqiniso lokuthi izinkampani ezifana neTransform Cosmetic Surgery zizondla ngokuduma kwazo ngewebhusayithi yayo etshela amakhasimende angaba khona ukuthi "angonga imali efika ku-£1600" ngephakheji "yeminyaka eyi-10."[X]
Kodwa ubushiqela bobuhle obungafinyeleleki abunamandla onke. Kunezibonelo ezincane, ezinethemba lokumelana. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlelo zethelevishini ezifana nethi Say No to the Knife nethi How to Look Good Naked zizama ukuxazulula imibono engemihle yabesifazane ngemizimba yabo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa ukuze babukeke kahle. Kwenye indawo iMadrid Fashion Week (elandelwa yiLondon ne-Edinburgh) isanda kuvimbela amamodeli anemizimba ewele ngaphansi kwenani le-Body Mass Index engu-18 (i-BMI engu-18.5 noma ngaphansi ibhekwa njengesisindo esingaphansi kwe-World Health Organization).[xi]
Nokho, izindleko zokuphikisa imibono evelele ziphezulu. Kungakapheli unyaka ememezele ngo-2000 ukuthi uzimisele ukusebenzisa amamodeli anemizimba efana neyabesifazane emgwaqweni, uLiz Davies usesulile esikhundleni sakhe njengomhleli wephephabhuku iMarie Claire. Owayekade ene-anorexic uqobo, uDavies wavinjwa ama-ejensi amamodeli amaningana futhi wabekwa esikhundleni sakhe ngabanye abahleli, nomhleli we-New Woman emsola “ngokucwasa abesifazane abancane”. “Kunokuba ngibe abashicileli bezitayela abanethonya engangibacabangele”, uDavies ukholelwa ukuthi “abahleli bomagazini bavame ukubuswa ukwesaba nabakhangisi.”[xii]
Namuhla kunombono oyiphutha owandile wokuthi ubufazi buyinhlangano yenhlalo egcina umlando, kodwa manje ayisenamsebenzi. Kungenzeka ukuthi izinkinga sezishintshile futhi ‘isitha’ singase sibe esicashile kakhulu futhi sibe nzima ngokwengeziwe ukusho, kodwa akungabazeki ukuthi sidinga, ngokwamazwi kaGermaine Greer, “ukuthukuthela futhi.”[xiii]
U-Ian Sinclair uyintatheli ezimele ezinze eLondon, eNgilandi. [i-imeyili ivikelwe].
[i] UJo Carnegie, 'Silahlekelwe itshe', Heat, 6-12 January 2007.
[Ii] ‘Amantombazane asemasha ‘azonda imizimba yawo’, BBC News, 1 Juni 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/health/3368833.stm.
[Iii] UJonathan Owen noSophie Goodchild, ‘Umubi? U-Miss GB ophumelele ucabanga ukuthi ', Independent, 5 Mashi 2006, http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article349352.ece. UJane Feinmann, 'I-dysmorphia yomzimba: ubushiqela bomzimba omncane', Independent, 19 Septhemba 2006, http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/health_medical/article1619312.ece
[Iv] UMary Ann Evans, 'Ukudla ukwehluleka', Healthmatters, Intwasahlobo ka-1996, http://www.healthmatters.org.uk/issue25/feeding
[V] UJames Harkin, 'Ikusasa labantu bepulasitiki', New Statesman, 20 November 2006, p. 55.
[vi] U-Kevin Hurley, 'Ukuhlinzwa kwePlastiki kukhuphuke ngo-61% ... futhi ngamadoda nje', ngoSelkirk, 24 January 2005, http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=87152005
[vii] 'Amamodeli axhumene ne-anorexia yentsha', BBC News, 30 Meyi 2000.
[viii] USharon Norris, 'Isonto Lokuqwashisa Ngezinkinga Zokudla', UMkhandlu Wocwaningo Lwezomnotho Nezenhlalakahle, http://www.esrc.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/about/CI/CP/Our_Society_Today/News_Articles
[ix] Mina Spencer, 'Isimo esikuso', Observer, 6 Agasti 2006.
[X] 'Iminyaka Eyishumi Encane', Iqembu le-Transform Cosmetic Surgery, www.transforminglives.co.uk/ten-years-younger.htm.
[xi] Feinmann.
[xii] 'Abezindaba: Ukuphelela? I-fat chance', ngoSelkirk, I-2 April 2002, http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/s2.cfm?id=363432002
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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