Incwadi entsha ka-Norman Solomon ethi, โWar Made Easy: How Presidents and Pundits Keep Us Spinning us to death,โ ivula ngesandulela esiphazamisayo. Abezindaba baseMelika benqabile ukudalula kakhulu i-Downing Street Memos ngesizathu sokuthi "kuyizindaba ezindala." Emakhasini okuqala encwadi yakhe, futhi kulekelelwa ngokunye, uSolomoni ubeka icala elikhipha futhi lihlehlisa leso simangalo.
USolomon uyasidlula isimangalo โsezindaba ezindalaโ ngokunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi umkhankaso weBush Administration wokuyisa izwe empini e-Iraq ngesisekelo samanga wawufana ngokuphawulekayo nokusebenzisa kukaMongameli uLyndon Johnson abezindaba ngesikhathi efuna ukuhlasela iDominican Republic kanye nekaReagan. ngenkathi ethambekele ekuhlaseleni iGrenada, ingasaphathwa ekaBush the First lapho iPanama isiyisisulu sakhe esikhethiwe. Eqinisweni, uSolomon udweba ukufana okuphazamisayo namanga kaJohnson noNixon ngeVietnam, ekaReagan ngeLibya neLebanon, Bush the First ngeFirst Gulf War kanye nangeHaiti, ekaClinton ngeHaiti, Yugoslavia, Sudan, Afghanistan, neSomalia, kanye noBush Jr. .kungamanga akamuva kakhulu nge-Afghanistan. Kubukeka sengathi akukho okusha ngomengameli othatha leli zwe empini eqanjwa ngamanga ahlekisayo okuthi noma ngubani owayenakile akakaze awele.
USolomoni uhlehlisa isimangalo โsezindaba ezindalaโ ngokubhala ukuthi abezindaba bebelokhu bekwenza kube nzima kangakanani ukuthi abantu banake ngendlela efanele. Akukhona nje ukuthi i-Downing Street Memos akuzona izindaba ezindala kubathengi abaningi bemidiya baseMelika, abangakaze batshelwe ukuthi yini engaphakathi kubo, kodwa amaqiniso ngezimpi eziningi ezedlule awakaziwa ezweni lonke. I-Washington Post ayikaze ixolise noma ihoxise ukuqanjwa kwe-Jessica Lynch, kodwa lokho ngokwakho akuyona into entsha. USolomoni uyabhala:
โNgoJulayi 1998 ngabuza inqwaba yezisebenzi zaseWashington Post ukuthi leli phephandaba like lahoxisa yini umbiko walo waseGulf of Tonkin. Ekugcineni, umkhondo waholela kumuntu onempendulo eqondile. 'Ngingakuqinisekisa ukuthi akukaze kube khona ukuhoxiswa,' kusho uMurrey Marder, intatheli eyabhala okuningi kwezindaba zezombusazwe zeWashington Post ngezenzakalo zaseTonkin Gulf ngo-August 1964. Wanezela: 'Uma uhoxisa, ubuyokwazi. kufanele ihoxise cishe yonke into eyakhulunywa yiwo wonke umuntu ngeMpi YaseVietnam.'โ
I-Washington Post iyazihlukanisa futhi ku-akhawunti kaSolomoni yokusakazwa kwabezindaba okwedlule ngezimpi ngalo mbono eyawushicilela lapho uMartin Luther King Jr. ekhuluma ngokumelene neMpi YaseVietnam:
"Inkosi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwayo emsebenzini wayo, izwe layo, nabantu bayo."
Damn imidiya ekhululekile!
Kunjalo, amaqiniso amaningi uSolomoni awasebenzisayo ekugxekeni kwakhe indima yabezindaba njenge-megaphone yamanga okukhuthaza impi kamongameli avela kwabezindaba. Kodwa zivela ekudluliseni izindaba ezigabeni ezingezansi emakhasini angemuva, hhayi ezihlokweni eziphindaphindwayo ezingapheli kanye nokulunywa kwemisindo. USolomoni akethuli ulwazi oluningi olusha encwadini yakhe, kodwa ngokuqoqa amaqiniso abalulekile ocwaningweni olunzulu wenza umbiko agxeka abezindaba ngokwehluleka ukuwenza.
Isifaniso esihle semithombo yezindaba eminingi yase-US ebika ngempi, ngicabanga ukuthi, yindaba uSamuel Eliot Morison, isazi-mlando sase-Harvard, ayinikeze uColumbus encwadini ehlaziywe nguHoward Zinn emakhasini okuqala ethi โUmlando Wabantu We-United. States.โ UZinn uthi:
โUmuntu angaqamba amanga ngokudlule. Noma umuntu angashiya amaqiniso angaholela eziphethweni ezingamukeleki. UMorison akakwenzi lokho. Uyenqaba ukuqamba amanga ngoColumbus. Akayishiyi indaba yokubulawa kwabantu abaningi; ngempela uyichaza ngegama elinzima umuntu angalisebenzisa: ukubulawa kohlanga.
Kodwa kukhona okunye akwenzayo รขโฌโ ukhuluma iqiniso ngokushesha futhi aqhubekele kwezinye izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuye. Ukuqamba amanga noma ukungenzi lutho buthule kuthatha ingozi yokuthola, okuthi uma kwenziwa, kushukumise umfundi ukuthi ahlubuke umbhali. Ukusho amaqiniso, nokho, bese siwangcwaba enqwaba yolunye ulwazi kusho kumfundi ngokuzola okuthile okuthelelanayo: yebo, ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi kwenzeka, kodwa akubalulekile kangako รขโฌโ kufanele kube kuncane kakhulu. ekwahluleleni kwethu kokugcina; kufanele kuthinte kancane kakhulu esikwenzayo emhlabeniรขโฌยฆ.
โUkugcizelela ubuqhawe bukaColumbus nabamlandelayo njengabahloli bemikhumbi nabavubukuli, nokugcizelela ukuqothulwa kwabo kohlanga, akusona isidingo sobuchwepheshe kodwa kuwukukhetha okungokwengqondo.โ
Vele, kuningi okuqamba amanga ekusakazweni kwezimpi kwabezindaba zase-US, kepha kunokunye okuningi kweMorisonizing.
Incwadi kaSolomoni ayilona ukulandelana kwezenzakalo futhi ayinaso isakhiwo esisuka kwesinye isenzakalo siye kwesinye. Futhi ayihlelwa ngendlela ebikezelwayo mayelana nengxabano. Eqinisweni, ifundeka kancane njengencwadi ebhalwe othile ojwayele ukubhala amakholomu anamagama angu-700. Kodwa lokho kungokuthile uSolomoni akwenzayo ngobuhlakani obungavamile ukudlulwa. Futhi, nakuba kunokuthile engikuthandayo ngamakholomu akhe, le ncwadi ayifinyeleli kangako ekuhlakanipheni ngokwayo.
Ihlelwa uchungechunge lwezitatimende ezivame ukushiwo ochwepheshe bethu bemithombo yezindaba. Lezi zisebenza njengezihloko zezahluko. Uma bethi ungamanga futhi uyalimaza, le ncwadi izokunikeza izinhlamvu zokuphikisa. Ngaleyo ndlela, leli yibhuku lezinsiza okungakhulunywa ngalo njalo. Uma noma yiziphi izitatimende zikwenza ube yiqiniso, kufanele ngempela ufunde le ncwadi. Nansi isampula evela ezahlukweni ezinhlanu zokuqala:
I-America inamandla amakhulu futhi ahloniphekile
Abaholi Bethu Bazokwenza Konke Abangakwenza Ukuze Bagweme Izimpi
Abaholi Bethu Abasoze Basitshela Amanga Aluhlaza
Le Guy InguHitler Wezinsuku Zanamuhla
Lokhu kumayelana namalungelo abantu
____________________
UDAVID SWANSON ungumsunguli we-After Downing Street, umbhali kanye nesishoshovu, kanye noMqondisi waseWashington weDemocrats.com. Uyilungu lebhodi le-Progressive Democrats of America, futhi ukhonza kuMkhandlu Omkhulu weWashington-Baltimore Newspaper Guild, TNG-CWA. Usebenze njengentatheli yephephandaba nanjengomqondisi wezokuxhumana, nemisebenzi ehlanganisa uNobhala Wezindaba womkhankaso kamongameli ka-Dennis Kucinich ka-2004, uMxhumanisi Wezindaba we-International Labour Communications Association, kanye neminyaka emithathu enguMxhumanisi Wezokuxhumana we-ACORN, i-Association of Community Organizations for Reform. Manje. USwanson uthole iziqu zeMasters kufilosofi eNyuvesi yaseVirginia ngo-1997.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela