Incwadi entsha kaThomas Patterson ekhuluma ngezingqinamba ezikhona njengamanje kwezobuntatheli ihlelwe cishe ngezinkinga ezithile eziyisithupha, iqala ngokuthi “Inkinga Yolwazi” futhi idlulele ezinkingeni zoMthombo, Ulwazi, Imfundo, Izilaleli kanye Nentando Yeningi.
Zonke izinkinga, ngempela. Kodwa, ngeshwa, asikho isahluko mayelana nosizi olukhubaza kakhulu lobuntatheli obuvamile e-United States: “Inkinga Yemibono.” Leso sahluko esingekho singasiza ukuchaza ukwehluleka okujwayelekile kobuntatheli obujwayelekile kulokho okufanele kube umsebenzi wabo obalulekile emphakathini wentando yeningi—ukuhlaziya kanye nokugxeka izinhlelo zamandla ukusiza abantu abajwayelekile balawule kakhulu izimpilo zethu. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi sihloko sishoda lisiza ukuchaza inani elilinganiselwe lokuhlaziya kukaPatterson.
Ngandlela thize, leso isahlulelo esinokhahlo esingafanele sikaPatterson nencwadi yakhe. Ukwazisa Izindaba: Isidingo Sobuntatheli Esisekelwe Olwazini (I-Vintage Books/I-Random House, 2013) iyi-akhawunti enhle kakhulu yemizabalazo yobuntatheli yesimanje-inqobo nje uma umuntu echaza ubuhle ngaphakathi kwemingcele emincane eboshwe yimibono yabanamandla. Kodwa ngokwamukela lokho kuboshwa, uPatterson uqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili ukuhlaziya kwakhe izinkinga zobuntatheli kanye neziphakamiso zakhe zezisombululo akwanele ngokudabukisayo lapho ebhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu zezenhlalo nezemvelo ezisongela iplanethi.
Yingakho, komunye umqondo, lesi sahlulelo singenalo ukhahlo ngokwenele. Lapho abantu abahloniphekile abanesikhundla nelungelo elifana noPatterson—enguSolwazi kaHulumeni kaBradlee kanye Nabezindaba eSikoleni sase-Harvard University’s Kennedy School—bengeke bahlehle futhi bagxeke izimiso eziyisisekelo zamandla, ongqondongqondo abakhethekile baba isithiyo soshintsho oluqhubekayo emphakathini.
Konke kumayelana nolwazi?
KuPatterson, ukhiye wulwazi, noma ikakhulukazi, ukuntula kwezintatheli kwalo. Uveza ukuthi ngokungafani neminye imisebenzi, ubuntatheli abugxilile olwazini olubambekayo. Ngokungafani nabameli nodokotela, isibonelo, ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kanye nokuboniswa kwekhono ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo akudingekile kuzintatheli. Ezinye izintatheli zingena emkhakheni ngezindawo zobuchwepheshe, noma zithuthukise ubuchwepheshe obunjalo emsebenzini, kodwa izintatheli eziningi zingama-generalists.
UPatterson uthi ubuntatheli bungathuthukiswa ngokuba nobuchwepheshe kakhulu, nakuba engalisebenzisi lelo gama. Esikhundleni sokuthatha ukugxeka kwezinhlelo zamandla, umbono wezobuchwepheshe uthatha lezo zinhlelo zizwakala kahle nokuthi indima yochwepheshe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu. Ngakho-ke, lokho izintatheli ezikudingayo, ngokusho kukaPatterson, ulwazi olwengeziwe—futhi oluyinkimbinkimbi—ukuze zingakhohliswa kalula yimithombo yazo, enesandla esiphezulu ebudlelwaneni ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bazo.
Yonke intatheli iyazi ukuthi uPatterson uhlonza inkinga yangempela. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zabasebenzi, abanikazi bemidiya bakhetha igumbi lezindaba elinezisebenzi ezincane abantu abangaphonswa kunoma iyiphi indaba noma nini. Izincwadi ezimbalwa zikazwelonke ezivumela izintatheli ukuthi zithuthukise amakhono ajulile, futhi kulabo abazithole bekhuluma ngezindaba abaziqonda kancane kuphela (lokho kuchaza izindaba eziningi kakhulu engizisho njengentatheli encane), iphuzu likaPatterson lizwakala lilungile. Lapho izintatheli ezintula ulwazi zikhuluma nemithombo ecebile ngolwazi, izintatheli ngokuvamile zigcina zithatha izimangalo zemithombo ngokholo.
Ngaphandle, konke lokho kubonakala kuqondile futhi kunengqondo. Uma izintatheli zizoba imithombo ethembekile yolwazi yezakhamuzi, azikwazi ukuncika ngokweqile emithonjeni, leyo nakanjani ene-ajenda yazo.
Impendulo eyodwa kulokho kungaba ngezintatheli ukuthi ziyeke ukuzenzisa ukungathathi hlangothi ezigomela ngazo (futhi ngokuvamile ezikukholelwayo) zivuna ingxoxo evuleleke kakhudlwana nethembekile yezibopho zezombusazwe zenkampani yezindaba. "Ezombangazwe" kulo mongo akusho ukukhetha phakathi kwamaDemocrats namaRepublican, kodwa kunalokho ukuqashelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu nazo zonke izikhungo zenza izinqumo mayelana nobudlelwano bawo namandla. Ukuthi izintatheli zikhetha futhi zimele kanjani izindaba kuhlale kuyipolitiki, ngalo mqondo omkhulu.
Kunalokho, uPatterson uthi ulwazi olwengeziwe luzovikela ukuzimela kwezintatheli futhi luqondise ukwahlulela kwazo, empeleni ethi izintatheli kufanele zilwele ukufanisa izinga lobuchwepheshe lemithombo ebusa izindaba. Yilapho inkinga ye-ideology ingena khona.
Imibono nokulalela
Le nkinga yokukhohlisa-ngomthombo yintsha, ngokusho kukaPatterson, obhala ukuthi "isikhathi eside, leli lungiselelo lasebenza ngokuzuzisa izintatheli" (ikhasi 33). Kule “nkathi yegolide,” izintatheli zingathembela ukuthi le mithombo esemthethweni izozisiza zichaze umhlaba ngokunembile. Kodwa kwaba nenkinga epharadesi: “Endaweni ethile ebuhlotsheni obuthuthukayo phakathi kwezintatheli nosopolitiki, ukwethembeka eqinisweni kuye kwashabalala” (ikhasi 58).
Lesi sikhathi "sokwethembeka eqinisweni" ngokusobala sihlanganisa i-Red Scare yasekupheleni kwawo-1940 kanye nama-'50s. Esikhundleni sokucabanga ngeqhaza labezindaba abavamile ekucindezelweni kwedemokhrasi yangaleso sikhathi, ukhuluma kuphela indlela uSenion. Joe McCarthy athatha ngayo izintatheli ukuze agibele ngezimangalo zakhe ezingamanga angenangqondo, ephakamisa ukuthi isiqephu sikaMcCarthy sasiwukungalaleli. ngenye indlela ubudlelwano obunempilo phakathi kwezintatheli kanye nabantu ababephethe umhlaba ngaleso sikhathi. UPatterson uyavuma ukuthi amandla okuziphatha okulimazayo kwesitayela sikaMcCarthy ahlala ekhona, “kodwa agcinwa elawulwa kakhulu ukuqonda okungakahleleki. Izintatheli zazilindele ukuthi osopolitiki bathembeke futhi babe nomqondo ophakeme, futhi osopolitiki babelindele ukuthi izintatheli zenze ngokwezinga elifanele lokuthembela nokuzibamba ”(58).
Leyo ncazelo izozwakala iyinqaba kubantu baseMelika abaningi ngeminyaka yama-20th ikhulunyaka okwathi, ngenkathi kuhlelwa ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle nezomnotho, bahlangabezana nokuphikiswa hhayi nje kukaMcCarthy kodwa kusukela kwabaningi bosopolitiki bamaqembu eDemocratic and Republican, izikhulu zomthetho kusukela endaweni kuya ezingeni likahulumeni, i-corporate America, kanye nezintatheli eziningi ezivamile. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Elites kwe-hysteria emelene namakhomanisi ukukhomba noma yiziphi izinselelo kunqubomgomo yasekhaya neyangaphandle yase-US kwaphikiswa abantu abaseceleni, okuyimithombo esemthethweni eyayilulaza ngosizo lwezintatheli ezivamile. “Ukwethemba nokuvimbela” akuzange kudlulele kunoma ubani onikeza ukugxeka okujulile kwezinhlelo zezenhlalo nezomnotho.
Imvelo emelene kakhulu nentando yeningi ye-Red Scare yangemva kwe-WWII (kanye neyandulelayo yenkathi yeMpi Yezwe I) yayingenalo ulwazi kanye nayo yonke into ehlobene nemibono. Ukwesekwa kwezintatheli, noma ukwehluleka ukubekela inselele, ukwenza ubugebengu kwabaholi bamazwi abucayi kwakungengenxa yokuntula ulwazi kodwa ngenxa yokwethembeka emibonweni yabanamandla. Bekunolwazi oluningi izintatheli ebezingaluthola emizameni ebucayi, kodwa leyo mithombo ayizange indiva njengoba izintatheli zingena emgqeni. Kwakungekona ukungabi bikho kolwazi kodwa ubukhona bemibono obuchaza ukwehluleka ukuhlanganisa.
Ngakho-ke, "inkinga yomthombo" ebalulekile akukhona ukuthi izintatheli zivame ukudonsa ulwazi olwengeziwe lwabanye, okuyinto engenakugwenywa ekusebenzeni kobuntatheli bansuku zonke, kodwa ukuthi imithombo ebonisa imibono yengcebo egxilile namandla, ngokwesilinganiso, inikezwa kude. ukwethembeka okwengeziwe nokubonakala. Lokho kuveza ukwethembeka emibonweni, hhayi iqiniso.
Esinye isibonelo uPatterson asinikezayo—ukwehluleka kobuntatheli obuvamile ukuhlolisisa izimangalo ezingamanga ezenziwe izikhulu zase-US ukuze zithethelele ukuhlasela okungekho emthethweni kwe-Iraq ngo-2003—kuholela esiphethweni esifanayo. Lokho kusakazwa bekuyiphuzu eliphansi ekusebenzeni kwemithombo yezindaba emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, njengoba esho, kodwa futhi inkinga akukhona ukuthi izintatheli bezihlulwe yimithombo, kodwa ukuthi ukwamukela kwezintatheli ngokungangabazeki umbono wombuso kwabenza bangaboni ezinye izincazelo. nasemithonjeni ebinganikeza ubufakazi baleyo mibono. Kube nenhlangano eqinile emelene nempi, ezweni lonke nasemhlabeni wonke, eyayihlanganisa abantu abaningi abanolwazi olunzulu ngezindaba zezikhali, idiplomacy, kanye nomlando waseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Inkinga yayiwukuthi izintatheli eziningi zazivumela imithombo enamandla ukuthi ichaze udaba futhi idale “amaqiniso.”
"Inkinga Yemibono" ehlukumeza imithombo yezindaba evamile ibonakala kalula, ukuthi izintatheli zihlala zamukela izingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile zokubuka umhlaba kwabanamandla:
-Kwezomnotho, imvelo ye-capitalism yezinkampani ayinakuphikiswa. Izindaba ezinjengokungalingani kwengcebo, indlala, kanye nobumpofu bezingane kufanele zibekwe njengezinkinga ezineshwa okufanele zixazululwe ngokulungiswa kwe-elite yesistimu, hhayi njengomphumela ongenakugwemeka wesistimu ye-pathological eshiya izinqumo zezomnotho ezandleni zabantu abambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa.
-Kunqubomgomo yezangaphandle, imvelo yokubusa kwe-U.S. ohlelweni lomhlaba akuphikiswa. Udlame oluqondile lwase-U.S. kanye nokwesekwa kodlame lwemibuso yamakhasimende kufanele kufakwe kuhlaka njengezenzo ezidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuhleleka emhlabeni onesiphithiphithi, hhayi njenge-imperialism eklanyelwe ukwandisa amandla ase-U.S. futhi inothisa abantu abakhethekile.
Ulwazi, ipolitiki, kanye namagugu
Ukuze unikeze abafundi nababukeli i-akhawunti enembile yomhlaba, izintatheli zidinga lonke ulwazi ezingaluthola, yebo, kodwa ukwehluleka kobuntatheli akuyona inkinga ngokuyinhloko yolwazi olunganele. Le mibuzo eyisisekelo yomnotho nesizwe ayikona kakhulu ulwazi, kodwa imayelana namagugu. Ubuntatheli bezobuchwepheshe obubakaki imibuzo enjalo eyisisekelo, ngokuzenzakalelayo, ubuntatheli obuzokhawulelwa ekhonweni labo lokuhlaziya nokugxeka izinhlelo zamandla ngoba ngeke kubonise izimiso zabo siqu.
Impela izintatheli ezikhuluma ngezomnotho nezamabhizinisi zidinga ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokuthi ubunxiwankulu nezinkampani zisebenza kanjani, kodwa ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi ulwazi lobuchwepheshe lwethiyori evamile yezomnotho nezimfundiso zebhizinisi luyisihluthulelo? Ngabe sifuna izintatheli eziphinda “ulwazi” olukhiqizwa iminyango yezomnotho eyidogmatic? Noma ingabe izintatheli ezikhuluma ngezomnotho zingasizwa kangcono ngolwazi olujulile lwemizabalazo yezombangazwe emelene nezikhulu?
Impela izintatheli ezikhuluma umhlaba wonke zidinga ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwezinye izifunda zomhlaba, kodwa ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi umbono we-U.S. womhlaba okhuthazwa ochwepheshe base-U.S. uwukhiye? Ingabe sifuna izintatheli eziphinda “ulwazi” oluphuma enkambisweni yeminyango yesayensi yezombangazwe ukwamukela ukuhlakanipha okuvamile kwabathile? Noma ingabe izintatheli ezikhuluma ngezindaba zezombusazwe nezempi zase-US zingasetshenziswa kangcono ngokubheka amandla ekhaya?
Leyo mibuzo ayikwazi ukuphendulwa uma ingabuzwa, futhi ayikwazi ukubuzwa ngaphandle uma siqaphela indima yemibono yabanamandla ekuvimbeleni ubuntatheli obujwayelekile, kanye nesiko lobuhlakani elisemthethweni ngokujwayelekile.
UPatterson akayibuzi leyo mibuzo, ikakhulukazi imibuzo ebalulekile mayelana nemiphumela yobunikazi obuyimfihlo, obenzela inzuzo kubuntatheli. Ngasekupheleni kwencwadi uyagomela:
“Inkinga ngomshini wokunyathelisa wendabuko akukona ukwakheka kwawo noma ikhodi yawo, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo. Ezikhathini eziningi, ibeke inzuzo nokunethezeka ngaphambi komsebenzi wayo wokwazisa umphakathi. Ukulungiswa nosaziwayo, izinhlekelele, nobugebengu; ukuthembela ohlakeni lwamasu ngokulahlekelwa ukubika ngezinkinga nezindaba zenqubomgomo; umkhuba wokwenza izehlakalo zisuse indikimba yendaba—lokhu kanye nokunye ukuthambekela kobuntatheli kuvimbele izindaba ekubeni zibe nolwazi ngendlela obekufanele zibe ngayo” (ikhasi 141).
Umbuzo osobala: Yini elolonga ukusebenza kwabezindaba uma kungesona isakhiwo sesikhungo lapho izintatheli zisebenza khona (inkampani, ezentengiselwano) kanye namakhodi ochwepheshe ezisebenza ngaphansi kwawo (inkohliso yokungathathi hlangothi okungewona umbono)? Uma abaphathi bemithombo yezindaba bebeka inhloko yenzuzo yemisebenzi yomphakathi, lokho kungaphakamisa isidingo sokuhlelwa kabusha okukhulu kwezikhungo zezintatheli ukuze kukhululwe izintatheli ezisebenzayo. Ingabe ukulungiswa ngezindaba okulula ukubika kuwumphumela wokwehluleka kwezintatheli ezisebenzayo noma uhlelo lwenzuzo? Akukhona ukuthi izinkinga ezisendabeni azibalayo azizona izinkinga, kodwa ukuthi ukuhlaziya kwakhe akunikezi indlela enengqondo yokuziqonda noma ukuzisingatha.
Lokhu kulungiswa “ngolwazi” kuvumela uPatterson ukuthi agweme imibuzo enzima yemibono kanye nobunikazi. Isigaba sakhe sokugcina sithi:
“Umnikelo wezintatheli emphakathini uzogcina usuncike ekutheni ngolwazi bayakwazi yini ukulawula amaqiniso. Izintatheli zizontengantenga, futhi ekugcineni zehluleke, uma iqoqo labo “lamaqiniso” libonwa umphakathi lingcono kancane kunalawo anikezwa abasingathi bezingxoxo, ama-blogger, nodokotela abajikelezayo. Ulwazi lunikeza izintatheli ithuba lazo elingcono kakhulu lokuletha inguqulo egunyaziwe yezindaba…” (ikhasi 143)
Akukacaci ukuthi kungani ngokujulisa ulwazi lwazo ngendlela ehlelekile, izintatheli zingathola ukulawula okwengeziwe kulokho okubaluleke njengeqiniso ngaphandle kokubhekana nemibuzo yemibono nepolitiki, noma kungani abanikazi bomshini wokunyathelisa oholayo ongenisa inzuzo bengatshala imali ekutholeni ulwazi olunjalo. Kodwa noma ngabe izintatheli ezisebenzayo bezifuna ngomlingo ukuze zithole ukuzimela okwengeziwe kubanikazi abavele bazimisele kakhudlwana ukutshala imali ekuqeqeshweni okukhethekile, kungani lezi zintatheli ezinolwazi kakhulu zingase zilethe “inguqulo egunyaziwe yezindaba”? Lo mgomo wenguqulo eyodwa enembayo yezindaba abafundi nezibukeli abangazethemba njengezinegunya uyiphupho lobuchwepheshe, elisuselwe kumsindo wezihlakaniphi ezikholelwa ukuthi zidlula imibono namandla okuthatha indawo yazo efanele njengabachazi beqiniso.
Angiphikisani ngokuthi uPatterson, noma omunye umuntu, kufanele abe nezindinganiso zami, noma ukuthi lapho abantu bevumelana ngezindinganiso kufanele bavumelane ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zezombusazwe nezomnotho ezifanele kakhulu. Ngiphikisa ngokuthi i-ideology kanye nobunikazi buyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi ubuntatheli busebenza kanjani, ngakho-ke indlela yokuqala ingxoxo mayelana nezici zobuntatheli ezingasebenzi kahle. Labo abakholelwa ukuthi i-capitalism kanye ne-U.S. imperialism yizinto ezinhle bamukelekile ukuphikisa lokho, njengoba kunjalo nalabo abakholelwa ukuthi uhlelo lwemidiya yezohwebo lukhiqiza ubuntatheli obunentando yeningi kakhulu. Kodwa lezi ziphetho zingacatshangwa noma zigonywe ngaphandle kokuphikisana.
Ukuthatha ngokungathi sína le mibuzo kufanele kusikhumbuze ukuthi asikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zobuntatheli ngaphandle kwengxoxo enkulu yezimfundiso zase-U.S. zezenhlalo, zezombangazwe, nezomnotho, ukwehluleka kwakho okubonakala ngokuqhubekayo. Nokho izintatheli eziningi ezijwayelekile—kanye nezifundiswa eziningi—ziyaqhubeka nokufuna isikhundla esikhethekile njengabadayisi bolwazi ephusheni lobuchwepheshe lokudlulela phambili.
Kufanele sibe lukhuni kangakanani kuPatterson nencwadi yakhe? Uma kubhekwa ubunzima bezinkinga zezombangazwe nezomnotho esibhekene nazo namuhla, noma yimuphi kithi othola uxhaso lokwenza umsebenzi wobuhlakani—ikakhulukazi eZweni Lokuqala osekunesikhathi eside ephila ngaphandle kwamazwe asathuthuka—unesibopho sokuyeka ukuzenza sengathi izimiso ezikhona. sinikeza izinketho ezinengqondo ngesikhathi esitholakalayo. Uma kubhekwa ukujula kwezingqinamba eziningi, ezehlayo zemvelo esibhekana nazo, leso sikhathi esitholakalayo cishe sifushane kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo.
Nakuba kunzima ukucabanga kabusha ngezinhlelo nezinhlaka zamandla ezisifikise kuleli qophelo—ingabe izwe elingale konxiwankulu kanye nezizwe zombuso libukeka kanjani?—lowo ngumsebenzi obalulekile wepolitiki, ngakho-ke into esemqoka ubuntatheli. Nakuba kunzima, abantu kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kosizo lochwepheshe bolwazi, bayacabanga futhi basebenzela ukwenza lowo mhlaba ube khona.
Ingabe izintatheli kufanele zizabalazele ukuba ngochwepheshe abangcono abazibophezele ekwabiweni okukhona komcebo namandla, noma bazihlanganise nalabo abazabalaza naleyo ngcebo namandla? Ukuphendula lowo mbuzo kudinga ukucabangisisa, kanye nokuvezwa okuthembekile, izindinganiso kunobuntatheli obuvamile osekunikeze umphakathi.
Njengoba ukungalingani kwanda kanye nezinxushunxushu zemvelo ziya zijula—njengoba ubulungiswa nokusimama kuya kuba nzima ukukucabanga, ingasaphathwa eyokufezwa—sizobhekana nale mibuzo yenani ngendlela eya ngokuya igqama.
Amaphupho ezobuchwepheshe amandla olwazi ngeke asindise ubuntatheli, futhi ngeke asindise umhlaba. Ngalo lonke ukubaluleka kolwazi, alunamsebenzi ngaphandle kwesibindi sokubhekana namaqiniso anzima.
URobert Jensen unguprofesa eSikoleni Sobuntatheli eNyuvesi yaseTexas e-Austin futhi uyilungu lebhodi leThird Coast Activist Resource Center e-Austin. Izincwadi zakhe zakamuva Ukulwela Izimpilo Zethu: Inkomba yomsebenzisi yezingxoxo ezakhayo, http://www.amazon.com/Arguing-Our-Lives-Constructive-Dialog/dp/0872865738/ref=sr_1_10?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1361912779&sr=1-10, Futhi Sonke Sesiyi-Apocalyptic Manje: Ngezibopho Zokufundisa, Ukushumayela, Ukubika, Ukubhala, Nokukhuluma, http://www.amazon.com/Are-All-Apocalyptic-Now-Responsibilities/dp/148195847X/ref=pd_sim_b_1.
UJensen naye ungumbhali we Wonke Amathambo Ami Ayazamazama: Ukufuna Indlela Eqhubekayo Eya Ezwini Lesiprofetho, (I-Soft Skull Press, 2009); Ukuphuma: Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile kanye Nokuphela Kwamasilisa (South End Press, 2007); Inhliziyo Yobumhlophe: Ukubhekana Nohlanga, Ubuhlanga kanye Nelungelo Labamhlophe (Izibani Zedolobha, 2005); Izakhamizi Zombuso: Umzabalazo Wokufuna Ubuntu Bethu (City Lights, 2004); futhi Ukwehluka Kokubhala: Ukuthatha Imibono Eqinile Isuka Emaphethelweni iye Kweyejwayelekile (Peter Lang, 2002). UJensen uphinde abe ngumdidiyeli wefilimu eyidokhumentari ethi “Abe Osheroff: One Foot in the Grave, the Other Still Dancing” (Media Education Foundation, 2009), elandisa ngempilo nefilosofi yesishoshovu sesikhathi eside. Inhlolokhono enwetshiwe uJensen ayenze no-Osheroff iku-inthanethi http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~rjensen/freelance/abeosheroffinterview.htm.
UJensen angafinyelelwa ku [i-imeyili ivikelwe] futhi izihloko zakhe zingatholakala ku-inthanethi ku- http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~rjensen/index.html. Ukuze ujoyine uhlu lwe-imeyili ukuze uthole izindatshana zika-Jensen, yiya ku http://www.thirdcoastactivist.org/jensenupdates-info.html. Twitter: @jensenrobertw.
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