Lesi sihloko sicashunwe encwadini entsha Impi engekho: I-Case for the Abolition.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili iningi labantu abaphila emhlabeni laligcinwe ebugqilini noma i-serfdom (ingxenye yesithathu yabantu bomhlaba, empeleni, ngokusho kwe I-Encyclopedia Yamalungelo Abantu kusuka ku-Oxford University Press). Umqondo wokuqedwa kwento egcwele futhi ehlala isikhathi eside njengobugqila wawubhekwa njengento engenangqondo. Ubugqila babulokhu bunathi futhi buyoba njalo. Umuntu akakwazi ukukufisela ngemizwa engenangqondo noma angawanaki izimiso zemvelo yethu yomuntu, nakuba zingajabulisi. Inkolo nesayensi nomlando nezomnotho konke kwakuthiwa kufakazela ukuhlala njalo kobugqila, ukwamukeleka, ngisho nokufiseleka. Ukuba khona kobugqila eBhayibhelini lobuKristu kwabuthethelela emehlweni abantu abaningi. Kwabase-Efesu 6:5 uPawuli oNgcwele wayala izinceku ukuba zilalele amakhosi azo asemhlabeni njengoba zilalela uKristu.
{C}Ukudlondlobala kobugqila nakho kwavumela inkulumo-mpikiswano yokuthi uma izwe elithile lingakwenzi elinye izwe liyothi: โAbanye abanumzane bangase empeleni baphikisane nokuhweba ngezigqila njengokungenabuntu nokubi,โ kusho ilungu lePhalamende LaseBrithani ngo-May 23, 1777. "kodwa ake sicabange ukuthi, uma amakoloni ethu ezolinywa, okungenziwa kuphela abantu abamnyama base-Afrika, ngokuqinisekile kungcono ukuzihlinzeka ngalezo zisebenzi emikhunjini yaseBrithani, kunokuba sizithenge kubahwebi baseFrance, Dutch noma Danish." Ngo-April 18, 1791, uBanastre Tarleton wamemezela ePhalamende-futhi, ngokungangabazeki, abanye baze bamkholelwa-ukuthi "ama-Afrika ngokwawo awaphikisani nokuhweba."
Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ubugqila base buvinjelwe cishe yonke indawo futhi buncipha ngokushesha. Ngokwengxenye, lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi idlanzana lezishoshovu eNgilandi ngeminyaka yawo-1780s laqala inhlangano ekhuthaza ukuqedwa, indaba exoxwa kahle encwadini ka-Adam Hochschild. Gcwabe Amaketango. Lena kwakuyinhlangano eyenza ukuqeda ukuhweba ngezigqila kanye nobugqila kube yimbangela yokuziphatha, isizathu sokuhlatshelwa egameni labantu abakude, abangaziwa behluke kakhulu kuye. Kwakuwukunyakaza kwengcindezi yomphakathi. Alizange lisebenzise udlame futhi alizange lisebenzise ukuvota. Abantu abaningi babengenalo ilungelo lokuvota. Esikhundleni salokho yasebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imizwa engenangqondo kanye nokushaya indiva okubonakalayo kwemiyalelo yesimo sethu esicatshangwa ukuthi singabantu. Yashintsha isiko, okuyinto, yiqiniso, ukuthi yini evame ukukhuphuka futhi izame ukuzigcina ngokuzibiza ngokuthi "imvelo yomuntu."
Ezinye izinto zanikele ekuqothulweni kobugqila, kubandakanya ukumelana kwabantu abagqilaziwe. Kodwa ukumelana okunjalo kwakungewona omusha emhlabeni. Ukulahlwa kwesigqila-kuhlanganise nezigqila zangaphambili-nokuzibophezela kokungavumeli ukubuyiselwa kwayo: lokho kwakukusha futhi kunqume.
Leyo mibono isakazwa yizinhlobo zokukhulumisana esizicabangela manje. Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi kule nkathi yokuxhumana okusheshayo emhlabeni wonke singasakaza imibono efanelekayo masinyane.
Ngakho, ingabe ubugqila buphelile? Yebo futhi cha. Nakuba ukuba nomunye umuntu kuvinjelwe futhi kunehlazo emhlabeni wonke, izinhlobo zobugqila zisekhona ezindaweni ezithile. Alukho uhlobo lwefa lwabantu abagqilazwe impilo yonke, bathuthwa futhi bafuywa futhi bashaywe obala ngabanikazi babo, okungase kubizwe ngokuthi "ubugqila bendabuko." Nokho, kuyadabukisa ukuthi ubugqila bezikweletu nobugqila bobulili bucasha emazweni ahlukahlukene. Kunamaphakethe obugqila bezinhlobo ezahlukene e-United States. Kukhona umsebenzi wasejele, kanti izisebenzi ziyinzalo yalabo ababeyizigqila ngokungafani. Baningi abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika abavalelwe noma ngaphansi kokugadwa uhlelo lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu e-United States namuhla kunabase-Afrika-baseMelika ababegqilazwe e-United States ngo-1850.
Kodwa lobu bubi banamuhla abukholi muntu ukuthi ubugqila, nganoma iyiphi indlela, buyinto ehlala njalo emhlabeni wethu, futhi akufanele. Iningi labantu base-Afrika baseMelika aliboshiwe. Iningi labasebenzi emhlabeni aligqilaziwe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lobugqila. Ngo-1780, ukube wawuhlongoze ukwenza ubugqila kube okuhlukile kulo mthetho, ihlazo okufanele lenziwe ngasese, lifihlwe futhi lifihliwe lapho lisekhona nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, ngabe uthathwa njengomuntu ongenalwazi futhi ongenalwazi njengomuntu ohlongoza okuphelele. ukuqedwa kobugqila. Uma ubungahlongoza ukubuyisela ubugqila ngendlela enkulu namuhla, abantu abaningi bebengawugxeka lo mbono njengowukuhlehla kanye nobuqaba.
Zonke izinhlobo zobugqila kungenzeka ukuthi aziqediwe ngokuphelele, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi azikho. Kodwa kungenzeka. Noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubugqila bendabuko bungabuyiselwa ekumukelweni okudumile futhi kubuyiselwe ekuvelele esizukulwaneni noma ezimbili. Bheka ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo ekwamukelweni kokuhlukunyezwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka ukuze kube yisibonelo sokuthi umkhuba abanye abantu abaqale ukushiya usubuyiselwe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kulo mzuzu, kwacaca kubantu abaningi ukuthi ubugqila buyisinqumo nokuthi ukubhujiswa kwayo kuyindlela yokukhetha-ukuthi, empeleni, ukuqedwa kwayo kwakunjalo, ngisho noma kunzima.
E-United States abanye bangase babe nokuthambekela kokungabaza ukuqedwa kobugqila njengesibonelo sokuqedwa kwempi ngoba impi yasetshenziselwa ukuqeda ubugqila. Kodwa ingabe kwakufanele kusetshenziswe? Ingabe kufanele isetshenziswe namuhla? Ubugqila baqedwa ngaphandle kwempi, ngokukhululeka okunxeshezelwe, emakoloni aseBrithani, iDenmark, iFrance, iNetherlands, kanye neningi laseNingizimu Melika kanye neCaribbean. Leyo modeli yasebenza futhi eWashington, DC Abanikazi bezifunda ezingaphansi kwezigqila e-United States bayinqaba, iningi labo lakhetha ukuzihlukanisa esikhundleni. Wahamba kanjalo-ke umlando, futhi abantu abaningi bekuzodingeka bacabange ngendlela ehluke kakhulu ukuze kube ngenye indlela. Kodwa izindleko zokukhulula izigqila ngokuzithenga zaziyoba ngaphansi kakhulu kunaseNyakatho eyachitha empini, singabali lokho okwachithwa iNingizimu, singabali ukufa nokulimala, ukucwiywa, ukuhlukumezeka, ukubhujiswa, kanye neminyaka engamashumi eminyaka yomunyu ezayo. kuyilapho ubugqila buhlala isikhathi eside bungokoqobo kuwo wonke ngaphandle kwegama. (Bheka Izindleko Zezimpi Ezinkulu ZaseMelika, yiCongressional Research Service, Juni 29, 2010.)
Ngomhla zingama-20 kuNhlangulana wezi-2013, i-Atlantic yashicilela isihloko esithi "Cha, uLincoln Akakwazanga 'Ukuthenga Izigqila'." Kungani kungenjalo? Nokho, abanikazi bezigqila babengafuni ukuthengisa. Lokho kuyiqiniso ngokuphelele. Abazange, nhlobo. Kodwa i-Atlantic igxile kwenye ingxabano, okungukuthi ngabe ibiza kakhulu, ibiza cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu (ngemali yama-3). Nokho, uma ufunda eduzeโkulula ukukugejaโumbhali uyavuma ukuthi impi ibize ngokuphindwe kabili kunaleyo. Izindleko zokukhulula abantu zazingenakufinyeleleka. Nokho izindlekoโezingaphezu kokuphindwe kabiliโzokubulala abantu, zidlula zinganakwa. Njengokulangazelela kwabantu abondlekile kwama-dessert, kubonakala kunendawo ehluke ngokuphelele yokusetshenziswa kwempi, igumbi eligcinwe kude nokugxekwa noma ngisho nokubuza imibuzo.
Iphuzu alikho kangako ukuthi okhokho bethu bebengenza ukukhetha okuhlukile (babengasondelene nokwenza lokho), kodwa ukuthi ukukhetha kwabo kubukeka kuwubuwula ngokubuka kwethu. Uma kusasa singavuka futhi sithole wonke umuntu ecasulwe ngokufanele ngenxa yokwethuka kokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi, kungasiza yini ukuthola izinkambu ezinkulu esingabulalana kuzo ngobuningi? Lokho bekuzohlanganisani nokuqedwa kwamajele? Futhi iMpi Yombango yayihlangene ngani nokuqeda ubugqila? Umaโngokuphambene kakhulu nomlando wangempelaโabanikazi bezigqila base-US bekhethe ukuqeda ubugqila ngaphandle kwempi, kunzima ukukucabanga lokho njengesinqumo esibi.
Ake ngizame ngempela, ukugcizelela ngempela leli phuzu: engikuchazayo UNGAYENZI kwenzeka futhi kwakungeke kwenzeke, kwakungekho ndawo eduze nokwenzeka; kodwa ukwenzeka kwayo bekungaba yinto enhle. Ukube abanikazi bezigqila kanye nabezombangazwe bashintshe kakhulu ukucabanga kwabo futhi bakhetha ukuqeda ubugqila ngaphandle kwempi, bebeyoqeda ngokuhlupheka okuncane, futhi mhlawumbe bakuqede ngokuphelele. Kunoma yikuphi, ukucabanga ubugqila buphela ngaphandle kwempi, sidinga kuphela ukubheka umlando wangempela wamanye amazwe ahlukahlukene. Futhi ukucabanga izinguquko ezinkulu ezenziwa emphakathini wethu namuhla (ukuthi ukuvalwa kwamajele, ukudala iziteshi zelanga, ukubhala kabusha uMthethosisekelo, ukugqugquzela ezolimo ezisimeme, ukuxhasa ngezimali ukhetho, ukuthuthukisa imithombo yezindaba yentando yeningi, nanoma yini enye - ungase ungathandi noma yimuphi wale mibono. , kodwa ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ungacabanga ngoshintsho olukhulu obungathanda) asithambekele ekulifakeni njengesinyathelo 1 "Thola izinkambu ezinkulu lapho ungenza izingane zethu zibulalane ngamanani amakhulu." Kunalokho, seqa lapho siye kusinyathelo sesi-2 "Yenza into okudingeka yenziwe." Futhi kufanele.
Lesi sihloko sicashunwe encwadini entsha Impi engekho: I-Case for the Abolition.
Incwadi entsha kaDavid Swanson ithi Impi engekho: I-Case for the Abolition. Uyabhuloza http://davidswanson.org futhi http://warisacrime.org futhi isebenzela http://rootsaction.org. Uyabamba I-Radio Nation Nation. Mlandele ku-Twitter: @davidcnswanson futhi I-FaceBook.
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